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KDO/KEH JWDD068-Salleh-FM JWDD068-Salleh October17,2007 21:23 CharCount=0 COMPUTING FOR NUMERICAL METHODS USING VISUAL C++ Shaharuddin Salleh UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia Skudai,Johor,Malaysia Albert Y. Zomaya UniversityofSydney Sydney,NewSouthWales,Australia Sakhinah Abu Bakar NationalUniversityofMalaysia Bangi,Selangor,Malaysia iii KDO/KEH JWDD068-Salleh-FM JWDD068-Salleh October11,2007 8:36 CharCount=0 i KDO/KEH JWDD068-Salleh-FM JWDD068-Salleh October11,2007 8:36 CharCount=0 COMPUTING FOR NUMERICAL METHODS USING VISUAL C++ i KDO/KEH JWDD068-Salleh-FM JWDD068-Salleh October11,2007 8:36 CharCount=0 ii KDO/KEH JWDD068-Salleh-FM JWDD068-Salleh October17,2007 21:23 CharCount=0 COMPUTING FOR NUMERICAL METHODS USING VISUAL C++ Shaharuddin Salleh UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia Skudai,Johor,Malaysia Albert Y. Zomaya UniversityofSydney Sydney,NewSouthWales,Australia Sakhinah Abu Bakar NationalUniversityofMalaysia Bangi,Selangor,Malaysia iii KDO/KEH JWDD068-Salleh-FM JWDD068-Salleh October11,2007 8:36 CharCount=0 Copyright(cid:1)C 2008byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformor byanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptas permittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteithertheprior writtenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper-copyfeeto theCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,(978)750-8400,fax (978)750-4470,oronthewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshould beaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken, NJ07030,(201)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008,oronlineathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permission. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbest effortsinpreparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracy orcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesof merchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysales representativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitable foryoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernor authorshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedto special,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages. Forgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicesorfortechnicalsupport,pleasecontactour CustomerCareDepartmentwithintheUnitedStatesat(800)762-2974,outsidetheUnitedStatesat (317)572-3993orfax(317)572-4002. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmay notbeavailableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts,visitourwebsiteat www.wiley.com. WileyBicentennialLogo:RichardJ.Pacifico LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData: SallehShaharuddin,1956- ComputingfornumericalmethodsusingVisualc++/byShaharuddinSalleh,AlbertY. Zomaya,SakhinahAbuBakar. p. cm.–(Wileyseriesonparallelanddistributedcomputing) Includesindex. ISBN978-0-470-12795-7(cloth) 1.MicrosoftVisualC#.NET. 2.Numericalanalysis–Dataprocessing. I.Zomaya,AlbertY. II.Bakar,SakhinahAbu,1982– III.Title. QA76.73.C154S282007 005.2(cid:2)768–dc22 2007023224 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 iv KDO/KEH JWDD068-Salleh-FM JWDD068-Salleh October11,2007 8:36 CharCount=0 Toourfamilies, fortheirhelp,courage,support,andpatience. v KDO/KEH JWDD068-Salleh-FM JWDD068-Salleh October11,2007 8:36 CharCount=0 vi KDO/KEH JWDD068-Salleh-FM JWDD068-Salleh October11,2007 8:36 CharCount=0 TRADEMARKS MicrosoftisthetrademarkofMicrosoftCorporationRedmond,WA. VisualStudioandVisualStudio.NetarethetrademarksofMicrosoftCorporation. VisualC++andVisualC++.NetarethetrademarksofMicrosoftCorporation. MicrosoftFoundationClassesisthetrademarkofMicrosoftCorporation. MatlabisthetrademarkofTheMathworks,Inc.,Natick,MA. MapleisthetrademarkofWaterlooMaple,Inc.,Waterloo,Ontario,Canada. MathematicaisthetrademarkofWolframResearch,Inc.,Champaign,IL. vii