Computers in Life Science Research

250 Pages·1974·6.51 MB·English

by  William Siler, Donald A. B. Lindberg (eds.)

COMPUTERS IN
LIFE SCIENCE
RESEARCH
FA SEB MONOGRAPHS
General Editor: KARL F. HEUMANN
Volume 1 • THE SCIENCE OF LIFE: Contributions of Biology to Human Welfare
Edited by K. D. Fisher and A. U. Nixon
Volume 2 • COMPUTERS IN LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH
Edited by William Siler and Donald A. B. Lindberg
Volume 3 • BIOLOGY OF AGING AND DEVELOPMENT
Edited by G. jeanette Thorbecke
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will
bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed
only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.
COMPUTERS IN
LIFE SCIENCE
RESEARCH
Edited bv
\Villian1 Siler
University of Alabama in Birmingham
and
Donald ~c\. B. Lindberg
University of Missouri
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry unde r title:
Computers in life science research.
(FASEB monographs; v. 2)
Proceedings of a conference sponsored by the Federation of American
Societies for Experimental Bio1ogy, the National Science Foundation,
and the National Institutes of Health.
"The material in this book original1y appeared in Federation proceedings,
volume 33, no. 12, December 1974."
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Life sciences-Data processing-Congresses. I. Siler, William, 1920-
11. Lindberg, Donald A. B. III. Federation of American Societies
for Experimental Bio1ogy. IV. United States. National Science Foundation.
V. United States. National Institutes of Health. VI. Series: Federation of
American Societies for Experimental Bio1ogy. FASEB monographs; v. 2.
[DNLM: 1. Biomedica1 engineering-Congresses. 2. Computers-Congresses.
Wl F202 v. 2/QT34 C738)
QH324.2.C65 1975 574'.028'54 75-34075
ISBN 978-1-4757-0548-5 ISBN 978-1-4757-0546-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-0546-1
The material in this book originally appeared in Federation Proceedings
Volume 33, No. 12, December 1974. First published in the present form by
Plenum Publishing Corporation in 1975.
Copyright© 1974 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally pub1ished by the Federation of American Societies
for Experimental Bio1ogy 1974
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 19 7 4
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, microfilrning, recording, or otherwise, without written
permission
Contents
Keynote Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Donald A. B. Lindberg
Session I
Computer applications I
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Julia T. Apter
Computer analysis of protein sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
M. A. Dayhoff
Computerized clinical diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Howard L. Bleich
Biostatistical computing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Carol M. Newton
Mathematical mode1s and membrane permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Robert 1 Macey and Lenore T. Wadzinski
Cardiac surgical intensive care computer system 37
Louis C. Sheppard and John W. Kirklin
Rapporteur's summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Helen Hofer Gee
Session n
Computer applications H
Introductory rernarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Edward A. Feigenbaum
Interactive three-dimensional computer graphics
in molecular biology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Robert Langridge
Computer-aided reconstruction from serial sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
C. Levinthal, E. Macagno and C. Tountas
Computer-based modeling and interpretation in medicine and
psycho1ogy; the Rutgers Research Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Sau/Amarel
V
vi Contents
Computer as a research tool in speech-understanding
systems research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
D. RajReddy
Computer-based auditory neurophysiology laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
J. E. Hind and W. S. Rhode
Rapporteur's summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 03
Bemard Saltzberg
Session III
Computer equipment configurations
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I07
Charles E. Molnar
Economy of scale and specialization ~ revisited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 09
J. R. Cox, Jr.
NIH computer hardware complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II9
A. W. Pratt
Image processor for biomedical research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I29
B. H McCormick, R. T. Borovec, J. S. Read and R. C. Amendola
Evolving macromodular molecular modeling system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
C. D. Barry, H E. Bosshard, R. A. Ellis and G. R. Marshall
Toward a computerless computer facility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I49
Theodore H Kehl
Rapporteur's summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 53
Harold Shipton
Session IV
Data base systems
Introductory remarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 57
lohn A. Starkweather
Functional goals and problems in large-sca1e patient record
management and automated screening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Morris F. Collen, Lou S. Davis, Edmund E. Va n Brunt
and Joseph F. Terdiman
Use of a psychiatric patient record system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Bemard C. Glueck, R. Peter Ericson and Charles F. Stroebel
Use of tab1e file structures in a clinical research center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I75
B. J. Ransil
Rapporteur's summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Deiphis C. Goldberg
Contents vii
Session V
Networks and shared facilities
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Peter G. Lykos
The PROPHET System and resource sharing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
William F. Raub
MIRACLE - a hierarchical data acquisition system for Iabaratory
automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Rodney B. Rarrington and Ronald L. Giese
Economies and economics of network computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 I
Edward K. Bowdon, Sr., and William J. Barr
Networks and the life sciences: the ARP A Network and Telenet. . . . . . . . . . . . 209
F. E. Heart
CRYSNET- a crystallographic computing network with interactive
graphics display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
E. F. Meyer, Jr., C. N. Morimoto, lose Villarreal, H M. Berman,
H L. Carrell, R. K. Stodola, T. F. Koetzle, L. C. Andrews,
F. C. Bernstein and H J. Bernstein
Hierarchical computer systems for on-line applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
R. L. Ashenhurst
Rapporteur's summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Kent R. Wilson
Session VI
Meeting the costs
Computing and competing for research dollars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
RuthM Davis
Meeting the real costs of the computer as a research
tool in the life sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5
RuthM Davis
Editor's Note (William Siler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Iudustrial view of computer applications in the life sciences 241
Jordan J. Baruch
Sponsorship of computing research in medicine and biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Howard Moraff
A medical practitioner's view on computer applications in the
life sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Ralph Christensen
viii Contents
Progress in computer applications in the life sciences as seen by
congressional staffs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3
Robert W. Maher
Closing remarks at F ASEB conference on the computer
as a research tool in the life sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Donald Lindberg
Observations on the Conft<rence as seen by a
British participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
D. E. Clark
Conference summary and conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
William Siler
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Keynote Address
DONALD A. B. LINDBERG, Conference Chairman
University of Mzssouri, Columbia, Missouri 6520 7
Welcome to Aspen and to the F ASEB life science research. This will of necessity
Conference on the computer as a research be limited to a brief sampling of what is
tool in the life sciences. I want personally now quite a broad research area. Even so
to thank the members of the Steering you will want to Iisten closely to the
Committee, the Program Committee, and presentations and to note areas in which
the F ASEB Staff for their diligent and the efficiency of the investigator was
constructive work toward the aim of a increased by using the computer, areas in
successful meeting, and the funding agen- which the creative output of scores of
cies for their encouragement and support. researchers was brought together, pre-
We arealso indebted to Dr. Donald King served, and even synthesized through the
of the Given Institute for allowing us to use of a common computational tech-
meet here. The real success of such a nique. You will also want to be able to
meeting will naturally be attributable to identify significant biological and chemi-
you-the speakers and the participants. cal phenomena that could not have been
The formal program of papers and the observed at all without the computer as a
names of all concerned are before you tool.
already. Piease note that we have tried to Second, we hope that through the
provide ample time and opportunity for efforts of this group of presentations and
you to meet and consult with whomever participants that you can identify some
you wish during the meeting. Since this high-leverage areas. That is, to recognize
group includes experts in life science research and computational areas in
research as weil as experts in more purely which the groundwork for a major contri-
computational techniques. a profitable bution has already been completed-and
exchange of views and strategies does not in which success is dependent on consist-
seem at all an unreasonable expectation. ently applying known efforts and tech-
At the end of these remarks I will niques. A substantial set of presentations
mention some specific opportunities for will describe work, the costly foundations
informal consulting during the confer- of which have been paid for, andin which
ence. ultimate success depends largely on sim-
Beyond the Ievel of personal intellec- ple survival of existing research groups.
tual gain, there is the question what as a "How to survive" is in an oversimpli-
group we might hope to attain at this fied sense our third expectation. That is,
conference. We do have some real expec- we hope jointly to exchange ideas on how
tations for the group's accomplishments. we may obtain access to computing
First, the meeting ought to result in a services-or in some cases, continue to get
formal Statement which assays the past computing accomplished in the face of
and present contributions of computing to what are clearly perilous times for any