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Computers in Life Science Research PDF

250 Pages·1974·6.51 MB·English
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COMPUTERS IN LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH FA SEB MONOGRAPHS General Editor: KARL F. HEUMANN Volume 1 • THE SCIENCE OF LIFE: Contributions of Biology to Human Welfare Edited by K. D. Fisher and A. U. Nixon Volume 2 • COMPUTERS IN LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH Edited by William Siler and Donald A. B. Lindberg Volume 3 • BIOLOGY OF AGING AND DEVELOPMENT Edited by G. jeanette Thorbecke A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. COMPUTERS IN LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH Edited bv \Villian1 Siler University of Alabama in Birmingham and Donald ~c\. B. Lindberg University of Missouri SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry unde r title: Computers in life science research. (FASEB monographs; v. 2) Proceedings of a conference sponsored by the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Bio1ogy, the National Science Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health. "The material in this book original1y appeared in Federation proceedings, volume 33, no. 12, December 1974." Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Life sciences-Data processing-Congresses. I. Siler, William, 1920- 11. Lindberg, Donald A. B. III. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Bio1ogy. IV. United States. National Science Foundation. V. United States. National Institutes of Health. VI. Series: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Bio1ogy. FASEB monographs; v. 2. [DNLM: 1. Biomedica1 engineering-Congresses. 2. Computers-Congresses. Wl F202 v. 2/QT34 C738) QH324.2.C65 1975 574'.028'54 75-34075 ISBN 978-1-4757-0548-5 ISBN 978-1-4757-0546-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-0546-1 The material in this book originally appeared in Federation Proceedings Volume 33, No. 12, December 1974. First published in the present form by Plenum Publishing Corporation in 1975. Copyright© 1974 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally pub1ished by the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Bio1ogy 1974 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 19 7 4 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilrning, recording, or otherwise, without written permission Contents Keynote Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Donald A. B. Lindberg Session I Computer applications I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Julia T. Apter Computer analysis of protein sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 M. A. Dayhoff Computerized clinical diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Howard L. Bleich Biostatistical computing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Carol M. Newton Mathematical mode1s and membrane permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Robert 1 Macey and Lenore T. Wadzinski Cardiac surgical intensive care computer system 37 Louis C. Sheppard and John W. Kirklin Rapporteur's summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Helen Hofer Gee Session n Computer applications H Introductory rernarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Edward A. Feigenbaum Interactive three-dimensional computer graphics in molecular biology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Robert Langridge Computer-aided reconstruction from serial sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 C. Levinthal, E. Macagno and C. Tountas Computer-based modeling and interpretation in medicine and psycho1ogy; the Rutgers Research Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Sau/Amarel V vi Contents Computer as a research tool in speech-understanding systems research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 D. RajReddy Computer-based auditory neurophysiology laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 J. E. Hind and W. S. Rhode Rapporteur's summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 03 Bemard Saltzberg Session III Computer equipment configurations Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I07 Charles E. Molnar Economy of scale and specialization ~ revisited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 09 J. R. Cox, Jr. NIH computer hardware complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II9 A. W. Pratt Image processor for biomedical research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I29 B. H McCormick, R. T. Borovec, J. S. Read and R. C. Amendola Evolving macromodular molecular modeling system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 C. D. Barry, H E. Bosshard, R. A. Ellis and G. R. Marshall Toward a computerless computer facility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I49 Theodore H Kehl Rapporteur's summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 53 Harold Shipton Session IV Data base systems Introductory remarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 57 lohn A. Starkweather Functional goals and problems in large-sca1e patient record management and automated screening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Morris F. Collen, Lou S. Davis, Edmund E. Va n Brunt and Joseph F. Terdiman Use of a psychiatric patient record system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Bemard C. Glueck, R. Peter Ericson and Charles F. Stroebel Use of tab1e file structures in a clinical research center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I75 B. J. Ransil Rapporteur's summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Deiphis C. Goldberg Contents vii Session V Networks and shared facilities Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Peter G. Lykos The PROPHET System and resource sharing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 William F. Raub MIRACLE - a hierarchical data acquisition system for Iabaratory automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Rodney B. Rarrington and Ronald L. Giese Economies and economics of network computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 I Edward K. Bowdon, Sr., and William J. Barr Networks and the life sciences: the ARP A Network and Telenet. . . . . . . . . . . . 209 F. E. Heart CRYSNET- a crystallographic computing network with interactive graphics display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 E. F. Meyer, Jr., C. N. Morimoto, lose Villarreal, H M. Berman, H L. Carrell, R. K. Stodola, T. F. Koetzle, L. C. Andrews, F. C. Bernstein and H J. Bernstein Hierarchical computer systems for on-line applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 R. L. Ashenhurst Rapporteur's summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Kent R. Wilson Session VI Meeting the costs Computing and competing for research dollars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 RuthM Davis Meeting the real costs of the computer as a research tool in the life sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5 RuthM Davis Editor's Note (William Siler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Iudustrial view of computer applications in the life sciences 241 Jordan J. Baruch Sponsorship of computing research in medicine and biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Howard Moraff A medical practitioner's view on computer applications in the life sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Ralph Christensen viii Contents Progress in computer applications in the life sciences as seen by congressional staffs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3 Robert W. Maher Closing remarks at F ASEB conference on the computer as a research tool in the life sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Donald Lindberg Observations on the Conft<rence as seen by a British participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 D. E. Clark Conference summary and conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 William Siler Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Keynote Address DONALD A. B. LINDBERG, Conference Chairman University of Mzssouri, Columbia, Missouri 6520 7 Welcome to Aspen and to the F ASEB life science research. This will of necessity Conference on the computer as a research be limited to a brief sampling of what is tool in the life sciences. I want personally now quite a broad research area. Even so to thank the members of the Steering you will want to Iisten closely to the Committee, the Program Committee, and presentations and to note areas in which the F ASEB Staff for their diligent and the efficiency of the investigator was constructive work toward the aim of a increased by using the computer, areas in successful meeting, and the funding agen- which the creative output of scores of cies for their encouragement and support. researchers was brought together, pre- We arealso indebted to Dr. Donald King served, and even synthesized through the of the Given Institute for allowing us to use of a common computational tech- meet here. The real success of such a nique. You will also want to be able to meeting will naturally be attributable to identify significant biological and chemi- you-the speakers and the participants. cal phenomena that could not have been The formal program of papers and the observed at all without the computer as a names of all concerned are before you tool. already. Piease note that we have tried to Second, we hope that through the provide ample time and opportunity for efforts of this group of presentations and you to meet and consult with whomever participants that you can identify some you wish during the meeting. Since this high-leverage areas. That is, to recognize group includes experts in life science research and computational areas in research as weil as experts in more purely which the groundwork for a major contri- computational techniques. a profitable bution has already been completed-and exchange of views and strategies does not in which success is dependent on consist- seem at all an unreasonable expectation. ently applying known efforts and tech- At the end of these remarks I will niques. A substantial set of presentations mention some specific opportunities for will describe work, the costly foundations informal consulting during the confer- of which have been paid for, andin which ence. ultimate success depends largely on sim- Beyond the Ievel of personal intellec- ple survival of existing research groups. tual gain, there is the question what as a "How to survive" is in an oversimpli- group we might hope to attain at this fied sense our third expectation. That is, conference. We do have some real expec- we hope jointly to exchange ideas on how tations for the group's accomplishments. we may obtain access to computing First, the meeting ought to result in a services-or in some cases, continue to get formal Statement which assays the past computing accomplished in the face of and present contributions of computing to what are clearly perilous times for any

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