Computer science. Иностранный язык

27 Pages·00.564 MB·Russian

by  Коллектив авторов

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
Сибирский федеральный университет

COMPUTER SCIENCE
(Иностранный язык)

Учебно-методическое пособие

Электронное издание

Красноярск
СФУ
2017
УДК 811.111(07)+004(07)
ББК 81.432.1я73+32.97я73
C 73

Составитель: Арямнова Марина Анатольевна,
Ступина Татьяна Владимировна.

C 73 Computer science. Иностранный язык: учебно-методическое пособие
[Электронный ресурс] / сост.: М.А. Арямнова, Т.В. Ступина. –
Электрон. дан. – Красноярск: Сиб. федер. ун-т, 2017. – Систем.
требования : PC не ниже класса Pentium 1 ; 128 Mb RAM ; Windows
98/XP/7 ; Adobe Reader V8.0 и выше. – Загл. с экрана.

Учебно-методическое пособие включает в себя тексты по специальности и ряд
упражнений грамматического и лексического характера. 
Предназначено для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов второго
курса направления 15.03.05 «Конструкторско-технологическое обеспечение
машиностроительных производств».

УДК 811.111(07)+004(07)
ББК 81.432.1я73+32.97я73

© Сибирский федеральный
университет, 2017

Электронное учебное издание

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CONTENTS

TEXT 1 4
TEXT 2 6
TEXT 3 8
TEXT 4 11
TEXT 5 14
TEXT 6 16
TEXT 7 18
TEXT 8 20
TEXT 9 23
TEXT 10 25

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TEXT 1
Automation of manufacturing processes
Until about four decades ago, most manufacturing operations were carried out
on traditional machinery, such as lathes, milling machines, and presses with lacked
flexibility and required considerable skilled labor. Each time a different product was
manufactured, the machinery had to be retooled , and the movement of materials had
to be rearranged. The development of new products and parts with complex shapes
required numerous trial-and-error attempts by the operator to set the proper
processing parameters on the machine. Furthermore, because of human involvement,
marking parts that were exactly alike were difficult.
These circumstances meant that processing methods were generally inefficient
and that labor costs were a significant portion of overall production costs. The need
for reducing the labor share of product cost gradually became apparent, as was the
need to improve the efficiency and flexibility of manufacturing operations. This need
was particularly significant in terms of increased competition, both nationally and
from other industrialized countries.
Productivity also became a major concern. Defined as the optimum use of all
resources – materials, energy, capital, labor, and technology – or as output per
employee per hour, productivity basically measures operating efficiency. With rapid
advances in the science and technology of manufacturing and their gradually
implementation, the efficiency of manufacturing operations began to improve and the
percentage of total cost represented by labor costs declined.
How can productivity be improved? Mechanization runs a process or operation
with the use of various mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical devices. Note
that in mechanized systems. The operator still directly controls the process, and must
check each step of machine's performance. If a tool breaks during machining, if parts
overheat during heat treatment, if surface finish begins to deteriorate during grinding,
and if dimensional tolerances become too large in metal forming, the operator has to
intervene and change one or more process parameters.
The next step in improving the efficiency of manufacturing operations was
automation, from the Greek word automates, meaning self-acting. The word
automation was coined in the mid-1940s the U.S. automobile industry to indicate
automatic handling of parts between production machines together with their
continuous processing at the machines. During the past three decades, major
advances and breakthroughs in the types and extent of automation have occurred.
These important developments were made possible largely through rapid advances in
the capacity and sophistication of control systems and computers.
Automation can generally be defined as the process of following a
predetermined sequence of operations with little or no human labor, using specialized
equipment and devices that perform and control manufacturing processes. The
meaning and concept of automation has been variously interpreted all follows.
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• Semiautomatic or automatic material handling, workpiece loading and
unloading in machines and work holding fixtures, and use of other labor-saving
devices.
• Automatic cycle control of machines and equipment, including use of
mechanical devices, numerical control of machines, and use of computers.
• Complete computer-based control of all aspects of manufacturing
operations from raw materials to the finished product.

Automation in manufacturing plants has been implemented successfully in the
following basic areas of activity:
• Manufacturing process. Machining forging, cold extrusion, and grinding
operations are examples of processes that have been automated extensively.
• Material handling. Materials and parts in various stages of completion
are moved throughout a plant by computer-controlled equipment without human
guidance.
• Inspection. Parts are automatically inspected for quality, dimensional
accuracy, and surface finish, either at the time of manufacturing (in-process
inspection); or after they are made (post process inspection).
• Assembly. Individually manufactured parts are automatically assembled
into a product.
• Packaging. Products are packaged automatically.

Automation has several primary goals:
• Integrate various aspects of manufacturing operations, so as to improve
product quality and uniformity, minimize cycle times and effort, and thus reduce
labor cost.
• Improve productivity by reducing manufacturing costs through better
control of production. Parts are loaded, fed, and unloaded on machines more
efficiently. Machines are used more effectively and production is organized more
efficiently.
• Reduce human involvement, boredom, and possibilities of human error.
• Reduce workpiece damage caused by manual handling of parts.
• Raise the level of safety for personnel, especially under hazardous
working conditions.

Exercises
I. Arrange the words into parts of speech paying attention to the suffixes and
translate them:
Manufacturing, flexible, skilled, movement, considerable, operator, inefficient,
gradually, efficiency, competition, productivity, particularly, employee, improve,
overheat, grinding, activity, inspected, assembly, goals, minimize, possibilities,
reduce.
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II. Find out English equivalents in the text:
Большинство производственных операций, методы обработки, токарный
станок, фрезерный станок, рабочие характеристики механизма, механическая
обработка, припуски, завершилась успешно, ковка, экструзия, шлифовка,
собирать детали в изделие, детали загружаются, подаются и разрушаются,
сократить возможность человеческой ошибки, повысить уровень безопасности
персонала.
III. Fill in the gaps, using the words in the box:

performance, occurred, capacity, loading, were carried out, forging, equipment,
handling.
1. Most manufacturing processes ______ on lathes, milling machines etc,
which were not flexible, and required human involvement.
2. Machine's ______ must be controlled and checked during manufacturing
process.
3. Great process and breakthroughs in the development of automation have
______ during the past three decades.
4. Due to rapid advances in the ______ and sophistication of control systems
and computers developments in automation were possible.
5. Automation was successfully implemented in the following manufacturing
processes as ______, ______.
6. Automation is a process consisting of a sequence of operations by using
specialized ______ and devices.
7. Automation is interpreted as automatic or semiautomatic material ______,
workpiece ______ and unloading.
IV. Make up a plan of the text.
V. Retell the text.

TEXT 2
Solid Works
The introduction of microprocessors and computers has made possible the
development of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD and
CAM) technologies. When using these systems a designer draws a part and indicates
its dimensions with the help of a mouse, light pen, or other input device. After the
drawing has been completed the computer automatically gives the instructions that
direct machining centre to machine the part.

What is Solid Works?
• Solid Works is CAD software package for automation of industrial
enterprise on the stages of design and technological preparation of production. It
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ensures the development of products of any complexity and purpose. It works in the
Microsoft Windows environment.
• The program began to develop in 1993, it began to be sold in 1995.

What problems does the program solve?
l) Design preparation of production:
3D design of products
Create design documentation in strict accordance with GOST
Industrial design
2) Technological preparation of production:
Analysis manufacturability of product design
Design of tooling and other technological equipment
3) Data management and processes:
Working with a single digital product model
Technology team development
Maintain archive of technical documentation according to GOST

Solid Works Simulation
A family of additional modules engineering analysis includes:
• Solid Works Simulation – strength calculation of structures (parts
and assemblies) in an elastic area.
• Solid Works Simulation Professional – strength calculation of
structures in the elastic zone, the formulation and solution of contact problems, the
calculation of the assembly; determining natural modes and frequencies of vibration,
the calculation of the design resistance, fatigue calculations, simulation of fall,
thermal calculations.
• Solid Works Simulation Premium – Nonlinear calculation accounting
to nonlinear material properties, calculation of nonlinear contact problems; analysis
of fatigue and a resource definition of designs.

Exercises
I. Define the meaning of the words, translate the sentences with these words in
the text:
Package, design, technological, production, fatigue, products, documentation,
model, archive, modules vibration, formulation, program, include, equipment,
environment, create, additional, strength.
II. Find English equivalents of the following Russian word-combinations in the
text:
Обеспечивать разработку изделий любой сложности, создавать
проектную документацию, вычисление прочности конструкций (деталей и
узлов), определение частот вибрации, вычисление усталости, подготовка
проекта производства, проект инструментария и другого технологического
оборудования, вычисление проектного сопротивления.
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III. Define, what statement is true to the text:
Solid Works is CAD electronic program.
Solid Works is a set of instructions.
Solid Works is a name of a new enterprise.
IV. Complete the statement according to the text:
The program solves different kinds of problems, …
– creates design documentation in accordance with GOST.
– designs preparation of production, technological preparation of
production, data management and processes.
– calculates size and weight of structures.
V. Answer the question:
1. What is the Solid Works program intended for?
2. Does it create documentation for structures?
3. Does it ensure the development of products of any complexity and purpose?
4. Does it process the data and make analysis?
VI. Make a summary of the text.

TEXT 3
Compass
"Compass" is a family of computer-aided design systems with the possibility of
registration of design and construction documentation according to a series of
standards and ESKD ASAP.
"Compass" was developed by a Russian company "Ascon". The name of the
line is an acronym for the phrase "complex automated systems." In trademarks
writing in capital letters "COMPASS" is used.

Capabilities
Programs of this family will automatically generate associative types of three-
dimensional models. They are associated with the model changes in the drawing
image.
Standard views are automatically constructed with projection links. The data in
the title block of the drawing is synchronized with the data of the three-dimensional
model. There is the possibility of connection of three-dimensional models and
drawings with specifications, that is, when "proper" design specification can be
obtained automatically. In addition, changes in drawing or pattern will be transferred
in the specification, and vice versa.

Compass 3D
The system "Compass 3D" is intended for creating three-dimensional
associative separate details and assembly units containing both original and
standardized structural elements. The parametric technology allows quickly obtaining
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models for typical products basing on a once designed prototype. Numerous service
functions facilitate solving auxiliary designing and production maintenance problems.
The system of "3D Compass" includes the following components: a
system of three-dimensional solid modeling, versatile CAD system "Compass-
Graphic" and the generation unit specifications. A key feature of the "Compass 3D"
is the use of its own mathematical core and parametric technologies.

Compass Graphic
"Compass Graphic" system part of the "Compass 3D" is intended for
automation of design work in various sectors of activity to create drawings of
individual parts and assembly units containing both original and standardized
structural elements, diagrams, specifications, tables, instructions, settlement and
explanatory notes, specifications, and other text documents.

Compass Construction
The system "Compass Builder" is intended for automation of design work in
the construction industry. It allows you to create working documentation according to
standards ASAP.
The system has a powerful functional for the management of the project, which
includes several technical parts and standard products. This functionality supports all
the features of three-dimensional modeling, has become the standard for CAD/CAM
projects on the middle level.
Boolean operations are a natural way of constructing complex solid objects out
of simpler primitives. They produce the form:
- creation of surfaces;
- associative setting of system parameters;
- construction of auxiliary straight lines and spatial curves (broken lines,
various spirals);
- creation of structural elements, i.e. the grooves, holes, stiffness elements,
thin-walled shell;
- special features to help you build the molds;
- functional for sheet material;
- insert standard parts in a model library;
- detection of deep penetration of the part;
- special tools to simplify work with multiple assemblies;
- possibility of flexible editing of parts with assemblies;
- override the settings for any of the elements at any stage of the design,
causing the reconstruction of the whole model.

To work in Compass customers are provided with the following elements:
- well thought-out and convenient interface making the designers work
fast and pleasant;
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- various methods and techniques for building graphical drawings
(orthographic drawing, snapshot grid);
- management of the graphical object;
- powerful tools for creating parametric models for typical parts or most
frequently used building blocks;
- any styles of lines, shading, texts;
- numerous methods of definition of the sizes;
- automatic selection of tolerances and deviations;
- built-in text editor with spell checking built-in table editor.

Summary
Compass is a perfect solution to automate the process of creating drawings. If
your Department is primarily older designers and if it is the urgent transition to "e-
rails" – there is hardly a better solution than "Compass". As practice shows, this
system, in comparison with analogues, is fairly simple to learn, even if the users to
this in their work only use the Coleman.
It should be noted, if you want to design objects in 3D rather than two
dimensional drawing it is better to use another product. The Compass is still not
strong enough in terms of parameterization, and the poorly-drawn three-dimensional
projects. Besides "homemade" – Ascon creates some difficulties with the conversion.
Extremely slow development of a "Compass" system sometimes makes this
study absolutely meaningless, especially if there is such a competitor, like T-Flex
CAD. The use of "Compass" for designing a home-made aircraft is justified only in
the case if you are quite a long time and successfully working in this system. For this
product "Ascon" provides almost no possibilities for the calculation. Sometimes the
system of creating drawings and specifications can be quite useful, especially due to
the presence of an extensive library of standard elements.
It will help you to count the number of fasteners accurately and to create a
detailed estimate for the manufacture of products.
Probably there are no obvious advantages of "Compass" to other systems in
regards of its opportunities.
So, "Compass" can quite successfully cope with the role of electronic drawing
Board, and whether you want to spend time learning such a functionally limited
system – especially in an individual way.

Exercises
I. Read and translate the following words, paying attention to the following
rules:
aw, au – [ɔː] er, ur – [ɜː] cial – [ʃl]
tion – [ʃn] sion – [ʒn] ture – [ʧə]
Surface, automation, manufacture, transfer, dimensional, include, services,
generation, drawings, structural, auxiliary, intend, specifications, special, detection,
insert, create, penetration, tolerances, obtain, versatile;
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