Computer Modeling of Free-Surface and Pressurized Flows

736 Pages·1994·25.221 MB·English

by  James A. Liggett (auth.), M. Hanif Chaudhry, Larry W. Mays (eds.)

Computer Modeling of Free-Surface
and Pressurized Flows
NATO ASI Series
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Series E: Applied Sciences - Vol. 274
Computer Modeling
of Free-Surface
and Pressurized Flows
edited by
M. Hanif Chaudhry
Washington State University,
Pullman, WA, U.S.A.
and
Larry W. Mays
Arizona State University,
Tempe, AZ, U.S.A.
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Computer Modeling of Free-Surface and Pressurized Flows
Pullman, WA, U.S.A.
June 28-July 9, 1993
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-94-010-4417-2 ISBN 978-94-011-0964-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0964-2
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
©1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1994
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo
copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written
permission from the copyright owner.
Table of Contents
List of Major Contributors IX
Part I. Free-Surface Flows
1. Governing Equations for Free-Surface Flows by J. A. Liggett 3
2. Finite-Difference Methods for Shallow-Water Flow Analysis by J. A. Liggett 33
3. Computation of Flows With Shocks and Bores by M. H. Chaudhry 63
4. Boundary Integral Equation Method for Free-Surface Flow Analysis
by J. A. Liggett 83
5. Finite-Element Methods for Free-Surface Flows by J. l. Finnie 115
6. Application of Finite Element Models to Free-Surface Flows by R. Mayerle,
A. Malcherek, and W. Zielke 147
7. Upwinding and Characteristics in FD and F-E Methods by A. Malcherek and
W. Zielke 173
8. Introduction to Turbulence Models by J. l. Finnie 205
9. Development and Application of a Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model
by B. H. Johnson, K. W. Kim, R. E. Heath, and H. L. Butler 241
10. Sediment Transport Models and Their Testing by Y. Onishi 281
11. Contaminant Transport Modeling in Surface Waters by Y. Onishi 313
12. Modeling of Dam-Break Flows by A. Betamio de Almeida and A. Bento Franco 343
13. Flood Routing Models by R. K. Price 375
14. Simulation of Urban Drainage Systems by R. K. Price 409
Part II. Pressurized Flows
15. Derivation of One-Dimensional Conservation Equations of Pressure Transients
by C. S. Martin 447
16. Numerical Methods for Solution of Governing Equations by A. P. Baldy 459
17. Methodologies for Reliability Analysis of Water Distribution Systems by
L. W. Mays 485
18. Pressure Wave Propagation in Two-Component Flow by C. S. Martin 519
19. Development of Water Quality Models by R. M. Clark 553
20. Applying Water Quality Models by R. M. Clark 581
21. Slow Transients in Closed Conduit Flow by B. U. Rogalla and A. Wolters 613
22. Modeling of Rapid Transients by A. P. Baldy 673
VI
23. Verification of Rapid Transient Models by A. P. Boldy 699
24. Modeling of Complex Closed Conduit Systems. The Case of Cooling Water
Systems by A. Betamio de Almeida and E. Koelle 709
Preface
Computers are being widely used for the analysis, design, and operation of water resource
projects. This gives accurate results, allows the analysis of complex systems which may
not have been possible otherwise, and the investigation and comparison of several different
alternatives in a short time, thereby reducing the project costs, optimizing design, and
efficient utilization of resources.
Several computational procedures and computer models have been developed. In order
to provide a common forum where these methods and models could be presented and
discussed, an Advanced Study Institute was held in Pullman, WA, USA from June 28
to July 9, 1993. This volume compiles an edited version of the lecture notes specially
prepared for the institute by 14 well-known European and North American researchers.
Part I of the proceedings deals with free-surface flows: Governing equations are derived
and their solution by the finite-difference, finite-element, and boundary-integral meth
ods are discussed. Then, turbulence models, three-dimensional models, dam-break flow
models, sediment transport models, and flood routing models are presented. Part II is
related to the modeling of steady and transient pressurized flows. Governing equations
for both single and two-component flows are derived and numerical methods for their
solution are presented. The modeling of water quality in pipe networks, of cooling water
systems, and slow and rapid transients is then discussed.
Fifty three participants from eighteen different countries attended the institute; many of
them could be considered experts in the field themselves. Lively and detailed discussions
following each lecture helped in modifying some of the lecture notes.
M. Ranif Chaudhry
Larry W. Mays
vii
Acknowledgements
NATO Scientific Affairs Division provided funds to hold the institute. The traveling and
living expenses of the lecturers were covered in full and those of the participants from
the academic institutions of NATO countries were partially reimbursed. National Science
Foundation of the United States of America covered the traveling and living expenses of
an engineering professor from each of the following countries: Bangladesh, Egypt, India,
Jordan, and Lebanon through Grant No. INT-9312378. The financial support of NATO
and NSF is thankfully acknowledged.
viii
List of Major Contributors
A. Betamio de Almeida, Professor of Civil Engineering, Technical University, Lisbon,
Portugal.
Adrian P. Boldy, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
M. Hanif Chaudhry, Professor of Civil Engineering, Washington State University, Pull
man, WA, USA.
Robert M. Clark, Director, Drinking Water Division, EPA, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
John I. Finnie, Department of Civil Engineering, Moscow, ID, USA.
B. H. Johnson, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS, USA.
James A. Liggett, Professor of Civil Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA.
C. Sam Martin, Professor of Civil Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
GA, USA.
Larry W. Mays, Chairman of Civil Engineering Department, Arizona State University,
Tempe, AZ, USA.
Bernd Rogalla, 3S Consult GmbH, Garbsen, Germany.
Yasuo Onishi, Battelle Pacific Northwest, Richland, WA, USA.
Roland K. Price, Manager, Wallingford Software, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK.
Werner Zielke, Professor, University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
ix
Part I
Free-Surface Flows