Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice PDF
Preview Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice
ptg11539634 Top: Courtesy of Michael Kass, Pixar CourtesyofDanielKeefe,UniversityofMinnesota. and Andrew Witkin, © 1991 ACM, Inc. Reprintedbypermission.Bottom:Courtesy ofGregTurk,©1991ACM,Inc.Reprinted bypermission. ptg11539634 (0, 0, 0) (0, y9, 0) (0, y9, 1) (0, y, 0) (0, y, z) CourtesyofSteveStrassmann.©1986ACM,Inc.Reprintedbypermission. CourtesyofKenPerlin,©1985ACM,Inc.Reprintedbypermission. CourtesyofRameshRaskar;©2004ACM,Inc.Reprintedbypermission. ptg11539634 Courtesy of Stephen Marschner, © 2002 ACM, Inc. Reprintedbypermission. CourtesyofSeungyongLee,©2007ACM,Inc.Reprintedbypermission. Computer Graphics Third Edition ptg11539634 Computer Graphics Principles and Practice Third Edition ptg11539634 JOHNF.HUGHES ANDRIESVANDAM MORGANMCGUIRE DAVIDF.SKLAR JAMESD.FOLEY STEVENK.FEINER KURTAKELEY UpperSaddleRiver,NJ•Boston•Indianapolis•SanFrancisco NewYork•Toronto•Montreal•London•Munich•Paris•Madrid Capetown•Sydney•Tokyo•Singapore•MexicoCity Manyofthedesignationsusedbymanufacturersandsellerstodistinguishtheirproductsareclaimed astrademarks.Wherethosedesignationsappearinthisbook,andthepublisherwasawareofa trademarkclaim,thedesignationshavebeenprintedwithinitialcapitallettersorinallcapitals. Theauthorsandpublisherhavetakencareinthepreparationofthisbook,butmakenoexpressedor impliedwarrantyofanykindandassumenoresponsibilityforerrorsoromissions.Noliabilityis assumedforincidentalorconsequentialdamagesinconnectionwithorarisingoutoftheuseofthe informationorprogramscontainedherein. Thepublisheroffersexcellentdiscountsonthisbookwhenorderedinquantityforbulkpurchasesor specialsales,whichmayincludeelectronicversionsand/orcustomcoversandcontentparticularto yourbusiness,traininggoals,marketingfocus,andbrandinginterests.Formoreinformation,please contact: U.S.CorporateandGovernmentSales (800)382-3419 [email protected] ptg11539634 ForsalesoutsidetheUnitedStates,pleasecontact: InternationalSales [email protected] VisitusontheWeb:informit.com/aw LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Hughes,JohnF.,1955– Computergraphics:principlesandpractice/JohnF.Hughes,AndriesvanDam,MorganMcGuire, DavidF.Sklar,JamesD.Foley,StevenK.Feiner,KurtAkeley.—Thirdedition. pagescm Reviseded.of:Computergraphics/JamesD.Foley...[etal.].—2nded.–Reading,Mass.: Addison-Wesley,1995. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-321-39952-6(hardcover:alk.paper)—ISBN0-321-39952-8(hardcover:alk.paper) 1.Computergraphics.I.Title. T385.C57352014 006.6–dc23 2012045569 Copyright©2014PearsonEducation,Inc. Allrightsreserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thispublicationisprotectedby copyright,andpermissionmustbeobtainedfromthepublisherpriortoanyprohibitedreproduction, storageinaretrievalsystem,ortransmissioninanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopying,recording,orlikewise.Toobtainpermissiontousematerialfromthiswork,please submitawrittenrequesttoPearsonEducation,Inc.,PermissionsDepartment,OneLakeStreet,Upper SaddleRiver,NewJersey07458,oryoumayfaxyourrequestto(201)236-3290. ISBN-13:978-0-321-39952-6 ISBN-10: 0-321-39952-8 TextprintedintheUnitedStatesonrecycledpaperatRRDonnelleyinWillard,Ohio. Firstprinting,July2013 Tomyfamily,myteacherRobKirby,andmyparents andJimArvoinmemoriam. —JohnF.Hughes Tomylong-sufferingwife,Debbie,whoonceagainput upwithnever-endingworkon“thebook,”andtomyfather,who wastherealscientistinthefamily. —AndriesVanDam ToSarah,Sonya,Levi,andmyparentsfortheirconstant support;andtomymentorHaroldStonefortwodecadesof guidancethroughlifeinscience. —MorganMcGuire ptg11539634 Tomyparentsinmemoriamfortheirlimitlesssacrificestogiveme theeducationalopportunitiestheyneverenjoyed;andtomydear wifeSiewMayforherunflinchingforbearancewiththehundredsof timesIretreatedtomy“mancave”forSkypesessionswithAndy. —DavidSklar ToMarylou,Heather,Jenn,myparentsinmemoriam,andallmy teachers—especiallyBertHerzog,whointroducedmetothe wonderfulworldofComputerGraphics! —JimFoley ToMichele,Maxwell,andAlex,andtomyparentsandteachers. —SteveFeiner ToPatHanrahan,forhisguidanceandfriendship. —KurtAkeley This page intentionally left blank ptg11539634 Contents at a Glance Contents........................................................................................ ix Preface.........................................................................................xxxv AbouttheAuthors.......................................................................... xlv 1 Introduction......................................................................... 1 2 Introductionto2DGraphicsUsingWPF.............................. 35 3 AnAncientRendererMadeModern.................................... 61 ptg11539634 4 A2DGraphicsTestBed........................................................ 81 5 AnIntroductiontoHumanVisualPerception....................... 101 6 IntroductiontoFixed-Function3DGraphicsand HierarchicalModeling.......................................................... 117 7 EssentialMathematicsandtheGeometryof2-Spaceand 3-Space................................................................................. 149 8 ASimpleWaytoDescribeShapein2Dand3D.................... 187 9 FunctionsonMeshes............................................................. 201 10 TransformationsinTwoDimensions..................................... 221 11 TransformationsinThreeDimensions.................................. 263 12 A2Dand3DTransformationLibraryforGraphics............. 287 13 CameraSpecificationsandTransformations......................... 299 14 StandardApproximationsandRepresentations.................... 321 15 RayCastingandRasterization............................................. 387 16 SurveyofReal-Time3DGraphicsPlatforms........................ 451 17 ImageRepresentationandManipulation.............................. 481 18 ImagesandSignalProcessing............................................... 495 19 EnlargingandShrinkingImages.......................................... 533 vii viii ContentsataGlance 20 TexturesandTextureMapping............................................. 547 21 InteractionTechniques......................................................... 567 22 SplinesandSubdivisionCurves............................................ 595 23 SplinesandSubdivisionSurfaces.......................................... 607 24 ImplicitRepresentationsofShape........................................ 615 25 Meshes.................................................................................. 635 26 Light..................................................................................... 669 27 MaterialsandScattering...................................................... 711 28 Color.................................................................................... 745 29 LightTransport.................................................................... 783 30 ProbabilityandMonteCarloIntegration............................. 801 31 ComputingSolutionstotheRenderingEquation: TheoreticalApproaches........................................................ 825 32 RenderinginPractice........................................................... 881 33 Shaders................................................................................. 927 34 ExpressiveRendering........................................................... 945 35 Motion.................................................................................. 963 ptg11539634 36 VisibilityDetermination........................................................1023 37 SpatialDataStructures.........................................................1065 38 ModernGraphicsHardware.................................................1103 ListofPrinciples...........................................................................1145 Bibliography.................................................................................1149 Index.............................................................................................1183
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