Computer-Based Simulations for Maintenance Training: Current ARI Research. Technical Report ...

39 Pages·2011·0.95 MB·English

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DOCUMENT RESUME
IR 011 137
ED 244 614
Knerr; Bruce W.;_And Others
AUTHOR
Maintenance Training:
Computer-Based Simulations for
TITLE
Technical Report 544.
Current ARI Retearch.
Behavioral and Social
Army ResearCh Ihtt. for the
INSTITUTION
Sciences; Alexandria, Va.
Dec 79
PUB DATE
presented at the
37p.; Edited versicn of a paper
NOTE
Symposium;
Military Operations Research Society
December 1979.
(143)
ReportS =-Research/Technical
PUB TYPE
Speeches /Conference Papers (150)
MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage.
EDRS PRICE
AssiSted
*Artificial Intelligence; Computer
DESCRIPTORS
*Computer
InStruction; Computer Oriented Programs;
ElectronicS;
Simulation; *Educational Games;
Thinking; *Military
*Equipment Maintenance; *Logical
Methods;
Training; Problem Solving; Teaching
Technical Education
System; Computer
Adaptive Computerized Training_
IDENTIFIERS
Fault Diagnosis
Games; Context Free Tasks;
ABSTRACT
computer-based
Three research efforts that USed
traihihg_were in progress when this
simulations for maintenance
the use
Game-Based_Learning; which investigated
report was written:
skills;_HUMAn
train electronics diagnostic
computer -based games to
of
DiagnosiS_TaskS;_whichevaluated the use of
Performance in Fault
individuals to maintain actual equipment;
context-free tasks to train
Training System; which applied
and the Adaptive Computerized_
electronic troubleshooting
artificial intelligence teChniques to
goal of teiching generalizable
training; These effOrtS had the common
than_equipment-specific'procedures.
diagnostic skills rather
each of the approaches canimprove
Preliminary findingS suggest that
conditions. Playing a logical
maintenance perforMahCe_Undercertain
logic circuit
substitute for training in_reading
game is an effectiVe
tasks
solving context-free diagnostiC
diagrams; and practice in
when diagnosing faults in
enhances subseq0ent performance
found that feasibility of
equipment7spetifiC_Simulations; It was also
Training System had been demonstrated;
the Adaptive Computerized
received rigorous experimental
though the system_had not yet
list; 17 figures, and 1 table are
evaluationA_7-item reference
included. (Author /LMM)
***********************************************************************
the best that can be made
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are
from the original document.
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l'AfIIMI N
Of
S
MI(IN
NATII/NAI
Technical Report 544
s,C)
J
COMPUTER-BASED SIMULATIONS
1=1
w
FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING:
CURRENT ARI RESEARCH
Bruce W. Knerr, Zita M. Simutis,
and Richard M. Johnson
SYSTEMS MANNING TECHNICAL AREA
U. S. Army
and Social ScienceS
Research InStitute for the Behavioral
December 1979
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
INSTITUTE
U. S. ARMY RESEARCH
BEI-ANIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
FOR THE
the Jurisdiction of the
A Field Operating Agency under
tor Personnel
Deputy Chief of
SIAN
L. NEALE COSBY
Colonel, IN
JOSEPH ZEIDNER
Commander
Technical airector
NOTICES
ARI.
this report has been made by
Primary distribution of
D I STR I BUT t_luat
U.S.
to:
concerning distribution of reports
Pleate address correspondence
ATTN:
Sciences,
Social
and
Behavioral
the
for
Institute
Retearch
Army
22333.
Avenue, Aliii)-(andria; Virginia
PERT TST, 5001 Eisenhower
longer
no
when
is
destroyed
it
be
may
report
This
FINAL DISPOSITinN:
Institute for
Army Research
to the U.S.
Please do not return
it
needed.
Sciences.
the Behavioral and Social
construed as an official
this report are not to be
The fihdings
In
NOTE:
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RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER
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REPORT NUMBER
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'LUNICAI RFPOPT -544
TYPE OF REPORT 81 PERIOD COVERED
5
T/7 L E (and Subw/)
Interim
CWIPUTFR-BASED SIMULATIONS FOR MAINTENANCE
CURRENT ARI RESEARCH
6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER
---
TRAININ(:::
B. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(.)
AUTHOR(.)
7
Bruce W. Knerr; Zita M; Simutisi and
Richard M. Johnson
(ARI)
PROGRAM E-EEMEN-T. PROJECT, TASK
10
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
_ _AREA II _W_O_RK_UNIT NUMBERS
2061102B74F,
US Army Research Institute for the BehaVioral and
2Q262717A790, and
(PERI-SM)
Social Sciences
*7
A795
VA- 22133
5001 Eisenhower Avenue; Alexandria
....4
12. REPORT DATE
II.
CONTROL-LING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS
Docember 1979
BehaVietal and
US Army Research Institute for the
13. NUMBER OF PAGES
(PERI-SM)
Social Sciences
36
22331
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Approved for public release; diSttibUtiOn unlimited
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SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16
presented at the Military
This report is an edited version of a paper
1979.
Operations Research Society Symposium, DeceMber
aide if necve.r7 end Identify by block nurnbr)
KEY WORDS (Cuntinu on
19.
Artificial Intelligence
Maintenance Traiuinig
Computer-Assisted Instruction
Diagnostic Training_
Adaptive Training
Troubleshooting Training
Maintenance Simulation
Fault Diagnosis
Computer -based Simula i-
CameS
_Instructional
block number)
ABLTRACT :Continue on rrer ide If ncmary and identify by
The Army Research Institute
_c,
efforts that use computer -based
is currently conducting three research
Game-BaSed Learning Jilyestigates
simulations to provide maintenance training.
electronicS diagnostic skills.
the use of computer-based games to train
Tasks evaluateS the use of context -free
Human Perfortatte in Fault Diagnosis
The Adaptive Comput-
actual equipment.
tasks to train individuals to maintain
intelligence techniques to electronic
erized Training System applies artificial
provide the
These efforts have the common goal to
troubleshooting training;
(Conti-nued)
FARM
EDITION OF 1 NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE
1473
UNCLASSIFIED
D
i
JAN 73
(When Dais Entered)
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE
I I' I H)
UNCLAS
OF THIS PAGE(Whan
Se CuRil V CLASSIFIrA_TION
nued )
It erti 20 (Continued)
f
rather than equipment=Speti.
i3Iagnost is ski 1 IS
stiident with generalizable
developed, research
t echn iques being
thes the
This report des er
prOi2edures;
di rect. ons
and tuture re si arch
findinw, ;
UNCLASSIFIED
Entered)
OF THIS PkGErWhen Data
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
544
Report
Technical
COMPUTER-BASED SIMULATIONS
FOR MAINTENANCE TRAINING:
CURRENT ARI RESEARCH
Bruce W. Knerr, Zita M. Simutls;
and Richard KA; Johnson
Submitted by:
James D. Baker, Chief
SYSTEMS MANNING TECHNICAL AREA
Approved by:
Edgar M. Johnson, Director
SYSTEMS RESEARCH LABORATORY
SCIENCES
BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL
U.S. ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR THE
22333
5Ck31 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria; Virginia
Office, Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel
Department of the Army
December 1979
Maintnanca Training
Army Project Number
2018 1 102B74F
20-282717A790
20263733A795
Approved f or public rWeete: cgitritiUtiOn unlimited.
Reports are intended for sponsors of
ARI Research Reports and Technical
military agencies; Any findings ready
R&D tasks and for Other research and
publication are presented in the last part
for implementation at 'he time of
major phase of the task, formal recom-
Of the Brief. Upon completion of a
conveyed to appropriate military
mendations for official action normally are
agencies by briefing or Disposition Form.
7
iv
FIDREWORD
Area Of the U.S. Army Re-
The ManpOWer and Educational Systems Technical
Sciences (API) performs re-
search InStitUte for the behavioral and Social
application of educational technology
_
search and development that includes the
Research On the use of computer-based
and simulations to military training.
interest because the de-
simulations for maintenance tiaining is of Special
is seen as a means of reduc-
velopment and implementation of such siinulaticns
COMpUter-based simulations can proVide greater
ing training time and costs,
arlroaches and can reduce the
individualization of traininy than Standard
training;
need for operational eqUipMent during
efforts concerned_
This report summarizes three on-going researcn
It iS an -edited version
traininy.
com1,6ter-baSed simulations for maintenance
Society
the Military Operations Research
of an uhpbblished parer rresented at
Symposium in December 197.
in-house
is being conducted by
The first effort, Game-Based LearninC,
of RDT&E Project 2Q262717A790,
It is responsive to the re;_luirerents
personnel;
60
Simulation;;" as described in the ART FY
"Human Performance Effectiveness grid
Basic Research and Eki:lbratory
Personnel PerfrMance an? Training Pr;:igram:
Development.
in Fault DiaghbSis Tasks; is being
The second effort; Human Performance
part Of the ARI Research Themes
cOndUtted by the University of Illinois as
reuirements of RDT&E Project
The research is responsive to the
Program:
1-ehavioral and Social Sciences."
2c.161102B74F; "Basic Research in the
effort; Adai-tive Computerized Training
In order to accomrliSh the third
Inc.;
auYmonted by contract with_Perceptronics,
System; ARI's resources were
research and de-
havin unr!ue ca:abilitieS nor
an organization selected as
requirements of
The research is reSf_cnie to the
veloement in this area
in the AEI
SimulatiOn," as descrihe
R;DT&E PrOject2(2263744A795i "Training
Advanced Development.
Training PrograM:
FY 80 Personnel Performance and
CEFREN`I' API RESEARC.11
SI:.1ULTIO:+5
::::::::::
E2.,EC VI' I
Pecniirement :
The
e,nii:ent specific.
Current Army maintenance trainif0 is largely
to locate the
student is first taudht the steiTL': -stel procedures necessary
time practicing; and
malfunction ih a specific item of equipment, Bien spends
Locause the training content con-
tested on the equipmeht itself.
finally i
general troubleshoot-
SiStS Of equipmeht-specific i-.1-ocedures rattier than in
Of the SKills acquired to
iii g logic; there is little likelihood of tran.,for
This
eneOU:Aer on the job;
ethos items of equiPment that the student will
functional
reflected in the :elatiVely high proportion of
sfer i
lack o: truer
s
_
In addition, this cur-
i-i one study);
(42
components submitted for relair
of student time, instructor time
rent training approach makes ineffic-_ent use
Efficient methods for providing train-
and equipment, thereby ihflatind costs;
reduse costs and irtrove Oh-the-
ing in generalitable diagnostic skills could
7,61, SkillS.
Procedures:
simulations for mainte-
Three research effOrts that use c-)mi..utor-based
lame-Fused Learning investigates the USO
nance training are being conducted.
Human LerfOrtance in
skills.
of computer-based games to teach diagnostic
context-free taSkS to train indi-
Fault Diagnosis Tasks evaluates t:r.e use of
The Adal-tivd COMIlUterizedTraining Sys
viduals to maintain actual equipment.
techni:ueS to electronic troubleshooting
ten; ail lies "artificial intellidncc"
trainin,3.
Findings:
that each ef the af7
The finclingS to date, while incomplete, suggest
Play-
under certain Conditions.
proaches can improve maintenance_performance
fof t:aining in readinglog
ihg a _Logical game is an effective substitute
context-free diaqnbStie tasks enhances
circiilt diagrams and practice solving
euitMeht-specific simula-
abaequE.ntperformance when di37nosidg faults ih
System has yet to receive
Although the Adaptive Computerized Training
tions;
has been demonstrated.
rigorous experimental evaluation, its feasibility
Utilization of Findirig8:
descrid-ed tethniqUes and to evalu-
ReSearch will continue to im;:rove the
repreSentatie Of the Army -raining
ate them Under conditions that are more
fcr trainin,:: will be
Guidelines for devoloiand using dames
environment.
tasks on the subseduent
The effects of training with cOnteXt-free
develoued;
The cast and training
ihestigated
maintenance of actual equipment will be