Computer and communication networks Includes index

650 Pages·2006·4.039 MB·English

by  Mir, Nader F

C C
OMPUTER AND OMMUNICATION
N
ETWORKS
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C C
OMPUTER AND OMMUNICATION
N
ETWORKS
Nader F. Mir
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Mir,NaderF.
Computerandcommunicationnetworks/NaderF.Mir.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-13-174799-1(hardcover:alk.paper)
1.Computernetworks. 2.Datatransmissionsystems. I.Title.
TK5105.5M5672006
004.6—dc22
2006025914
Copyright©2007PearsonEducation,Inc.
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ISBN0-13-174799-1
TextprintedintheUnitedStatesonrecycledpaperatR.R.DonnelleyinCrawfordsville,Indiana.
Firstprinting,November2006
To Sherry and Navid
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Contents
Preface xxi
AbouttheAuthor xxxi
PART I: Fundamental Concepts 1
1 Packet-SwitchedNetworks 3
1.1 BasicDefinitionsinDataNetworks 4
1.1.1 PacketSwitchingversusCircuitSwitching 4
1.1.2 Messages,Packets,andFrames 5
1.1.3 TheInternet 6
1.1.4 ISPsandInternetworkComponents 9
1.2 TypesofPacket-SwitchedNetworks 10
1.2.1 ConnectionlessNetworks 11
1.2.2 Connection-OrientedNetworks 13
1.3 PacketSizeandOptimizations 14
1.4 Summary 16
1.5 Exercises 17
2 FoundationofNetworkingProtocols 19
2.1 5-LayerTCP/IPModel 20
2.2 7-LayerOSIModel 22
2.3 InternetProtocolsandAddressing 23
2.3.1 IPPacket 23
2.3.2 IPAddressingScheme 24
2.3.3 SubnetAddressingandMasking 25
viii Contents
2.3.4 ClasslessInterdomainRouting(CIDR) 27
2.3.5 PacketFragmentationandReassembly 28
2.3.6 InternetControlMessageProtocol(ICMP) 29
2.3.7 IPVersion6(IPv6) 30
2.4 Equal-SizedPacketsModel:ATM 33
2.4.1 ATMProtocolStructure 34
2.4.2 ATMCellStructure 36
2.5 Summary 39
2.6 Exercises 39
3 NetworkingDevices 43
3.1 Multiplexers 43
3.1.1 Frequency-DivisionMultiplexing(FDM) 44
3.1.2 Wavelength-DivisionMultiplexing(WDM) 44
3.1.3 Time-DivisionMultiplexing 45
3.2 ModemsandInternetAccessDevices 50
3.2.1 LineCodingMethods 50
3.2.2 DigitalModulationTechniques 52
3.2.3 DigitalSubscriberLine(DSL)Modems 54
3.2.4 CableModems 56
3.3 SwitchingandRoutingDevices 57
3.3.1 Repeaters,Hubs,andBridges 57
3.3.2 RoutersandHigher-LayerSwitches 59
3.4 RouterStructure 60
3.4.1 InputPortProcessor(IPP) 60
3.4.2 SwitchFabric 63
3.4.3 SwitchController 64
3.4.4 OutputPortProcessors(OPP) 65
3.5 Summary 67
3.6 Exercises 67
4 DataLinksandTransmission 71
4.1 DataLinks 72
4.2 WiredLinksandTransmission 73
4.2.1 Twisted-PairLinks 73
4.2.2 CoaxialCable 73
4.2.3 OpticalFiber 73
4.3 WirelessLinksandTransmission 74
4.3.1 ChoiceofAntenna 75
Contents ix
4.3.2 WirelessChannels 76
4.3.3 CapacityLimitsofWirelessChannels 79
4.3.4 ChannelCoding 79
4.3.5 Flat-FadingCountermeasures 79
4.3.6 IntersymbolInterferenceCountermeasures 80
4.3.7 OrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultiplexing(OFDM) 81
4.4 MethodsofChannelAccessonLinks 82
4.4.1 Frequency-DivisionMultipleAccess 83
4.4.2 Time-DivisionMultipleAccess 83
4.4.3 Code-DivisionMultipleAccess 85
4.4.4 Space-DivisionMultipleAccess 87
4.4.5 HybridMultiple-AccessTechniques 87
4.5 ErrorDetectionandCorrection 87
4.5.1 ErrorDetectionMethods 89
4.5.2 CyclicRedundancyCheck(CRC)Algorithm 89
4.6 Link-LevelFlowControl 94
4.6.1 Stop-and-WaitFlowControl 95
4.6.2 Sliding-WindowFlowControl 96
4.7 Summary 98
4.8 Exercises 99
5 LocalAreaNetworksandNetworksofLANs 101
5.1 LANsandBasicTopologies 102
5.2 LANProtocols 103
5.2.1 Logical-LinkLayer(LLC) 103
5.2.2 MediumAccessControl(MAC) 104
5.3 MACandIPAddresses 104
5.3.1 AddressResolutionProtocol(ARP) 105
5.3.2 ReverseAddressResolutionProtocol(RARP) 106
5.4 ClassificationofMACProtocols 106
5.5 Contention-AccessMAC 107
5.5.1 CarrierSenseMultipleAccess(CSMA) 108
5.5.2 EthernetLAN:IEEE802.3Standard 113
5.6 Round-Robin-AccessMAC 114
5.6.1 Token-RingAccessProtocol 114
5.6.2 Token-Ring:IEEE802.5Standard 116
5.7 NetworkofLANs 116
5.7.1 UsingRepeaters,Hubs,andBridges 117
5.7.2 Layers2and3Switches 124