Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Computer-Aided Scheduling of Public Transport held in Montréal, Canada, August 19–23, 1990

431 Pages·1992·13.29 MB·English

by  Martin Desrochers (ed.)

Lecture Notes in Economics
and Mathematical Systems 386
Editorial Board:
H. Albach, M. Beckmann (Managing Editor)
P. Dhrymes, O. Fandel, O. Feichtinger, W. Hildenbrand
W. Krelle (Managing Editor)
H. P. Kiinzi, K. Ritter, U. Schittko, P. Schonfeld, R. Selten, W. Trockel
Managing Editors:
Prof. Dr. M. Beckmann
Brown University
Providence, RI 02912, USA
Prof. Dr. W. Krelle
Institut fUr Oesellschafts- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften
der Universitat Bonn
Adenauerallee 24-42, W-5300 Bonn, FRO
M. Desrochers J. -M. Rousseau (Eds.)
Computer-Aided
Transit Scheduling
Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop
on Computer-Aided Scheduling of Public Transport
held in Montreal, Canada, August 19-23, 1990
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Tokyo
Hong Kong Barcelona
Budapest
Editors
Dr. Martin Desrochers
Ecole Poly technique
C. P.6079
Succursale A
Montreal, Canada H3C 3A 7
Prof. Dr. Jean-Marc Rousseau
Departement d'informatique et
de recherche operationnelle
Universite de Montreal
c. P. 6128
Succursale A
Montreal, Canada H3C 317
ISBN-13: 978-3-540-55634-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-85968-7
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-85968-7
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of
illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way,
and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted
only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its
current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag.
Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1992
Typesetting: Camera ready by author/editor
42/3140-543210 -Printed on acid-free paper
This volume is dedicated
to the memory of
Martin Desrochers
MARTIN DESROCHERS
(1957-1991)
Dr. Martin Desrochers died in Montreal on June 3, 1991, after a long illness. At the time,
he was a research fellow at the Ecole Poly technique de Montreal, and an active. member of two
research centers, the GERAD (Groupe d'etudes et de recherche en analyse des decisions) and
the C.R.T. (Centre de recherche sur les transports).
Dr. Desrochers held a B.Sc. in computer science from the Universite de Montreal as well
as an M.Sc. and a Ph.D. in operational research from the same institution. After his doctoral
studies in 1986, he spent a year as a post-doctoral fellow at the Centre for Mathematics and
Computer Science in Amsterdam. During his university years, he played an active role in student
organizations and held various posts as a programmer and as an analyst in the field of vehicle
routing, with Jacques Desrosiers, Gilbert Laporte, Yves Nobert and Fran~ois Soumis. This was
to be the start of a fruitful scientific cooperation that continued throughout his career.
Dr. Desrochers' main scientific contributions stem from his doctoral thesis, in which he
developed exact algorithms for the solution of shortest path problems with several resource
constraints. These arise naturally as subproblems in column generation algorithms. His con
strained shortest-path algorithms were implemented in GENCOL, a column generation package
developed at the GERAD.
Largely as a result of Dr. Desrochers' work, GENCOL has been successfully applied
to the solution of large-scale vehicle routing problems with time windows, and to bus driver
and air crew scheduling problems. Dr. Desrochers' achievements were soon recognized by the
Transportation Science Section of the Operations Research Society of America which awarded
him an honourable mention for his thesis. Previously, he had obtained with Jacques Desrosiers
and Fran~ois Soumis the prize for the best paper presented by young researchers at the EURO
VI conference in Vienna.
Other facets of Dr. Desrochers' scientific contribution include the theoretical and empirical
study of various types of node and arc routing problems, as well as the development of algorithms
for problems arising in the fields of production scheduling and of flexible manufacturing.
In addition to his research work, Dr. Desrochers often took part in the organization of
scientific conferences and in the editing of proceedings and special issues. At the time of his
death, he was putting the final touches to the current proceedings.
Dr. Desrochers' death came as a tragic loss to his family, friends, colleagues and students.
We are grateful that he was able to achieve so much during his short scientific career. He will
be warmly remembered as a sincere and loyal friend, and as a talented researcher.
- Gilbert Laporte
FOREWORD
This volume consists of papers presented at the Fifth International Workshop on Computer
Aided Scheduling of Public Transport, which was held in Montreal from August 19th to the
23rd, 1990.
Since the first Workshop in Chicago in 1975 the field had matured considerably. In 1975,
there were no presentations that described systems which had been implemented and used on
a regular basis. By 1980, in Leeds, and certainly by 1983, in Montreal, several systems were
in regular use. They were based on both heuristics and mathematical programming techniques.
In 1990, there were more than one hundred transit companies using computer-aided scheduling
tools in their regular operations.
The scope of the Workshop was broadened in 1987, in Hamburg, so that topics related
to scheduling may be introduced. We find, for example, in this book several papers on the
technology related to the collection of data and/or the data bases required for scheduling and
planning activities.
A large number of abstracts were received and for the second time some papers had to
be rejected, while parallel streams were organized for some sessions. Forty-one papers were
presented in total. However, it was not possible to include all of them in this proceedings
volume and the Program Committee had to make a final choice. Also, some authors did not
submit a formal paper for inclusion in the proceedings. The Appendix contains a list of names
and addresses of authors and a list of those papers which are not included in these proceedings
of the Fifth Workshop.
The papers are divided into six groups. The first group contains an update of two of
the most used systems: Busman and Hastus. The second group includes the presentation of
problems, experiences and innovative approaches coming from the transit companies. The third
group presents research papers on vehicle scheduling problems. They deal with synchonization,
relations between scheduling and planning, real-time scheduling, etc. The fourth group is related
to the use of technology and the collection of data for scheduling and planning, while the fifth
group concentrates on the data bases required for transit operations and planning. Finally, the
last group is concerned with research on crew scheduling problems.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank again the International Program Committee for
their help in reviewing the abstracts and the papers and for giving direction to this workshop:
Michael Ball (U.S.A.)
Peter Beecken (West Germany)
Paolo Carraresi (Italy)
Avi Ceder (Israel)
Martin Desrochers (Canada)
x
Jose Paixao (Portugal)
Anthony Wren (United Kingdom)
The Local Organizing Committee also did an extremely good job in providing a smooth
and efficient workshop. I would like to thank. in particular. Jacques Lamont and the Societe
de transport de la Communaute urbaine de Montreal (S.T.C.U.M.). the co-host of the meeting.
for providing the transportation logistics. and Carole Laflamme and Clairette Simard from the
Center for Research on Transportation. without whom the Workshop would not have been such
a success. We also wish to thank the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
Canada for providing financial help to the Fifth Workshop.
At the close of the Conference. Professeur 1. Paixao invited the participants to the Sixth
Workshop to be held in Lisbon. Portugal. in 1993. His address can be found in the Appendix.
Finally. let me deplore again the tragic loss of Martin Desrochers who nearly completed
the work of producing these proceedings before passing a way in June 1991. He should have
rightly signed this foreword.
- Jean-Marc Rousseau
TABLE OF CONTENTS
o Pan I: Status updates on scheduling packages
Developments and recent experience with the BUS MAN and BUSMAN II systems.
M. Chamberlain; Manchester, United Kingdom; A. Wren; Leeds, United Kingdom
The HASTUS system: New algorithms and modules for the 90s. 17
N. Hamer, L. Seguin; Montreal, Canada
o Pan II: Problems and experiences from transit
Arhus public transport's innovative rostering technique. 31
C. Jorvang; Arhus, Denmark
Developing transit scheduling tools using an "object-oriented" programming lan- 47
guage.
D.R. Allen, J.F. Kellermann; Portland, OR, U.S.A.
Experience of using the same computerised scheduling system under three different 59
operating conditions.
M. Lewis; Sheffield, United Kingdom
Work rule flexibility: Method to reduce PTO requirements. 75
A.H. Castaline; Boston, MA, U.S.A.
Development of performance indicators using vehicle and crew scheduling data 85
bases.
H. Mahmoud, H. von Gaza; Edmonton, Canada
o Pan III: Bus scheduling
Time and space scheduling of public transport networks and the evaluation of 97
quality of service.
1. Viegas; Lisboa, Portugal
Scheduling considerations in designing transit routes at the network level. 113
A. Ceder, Y. Israeli; Haifa, Israel
Network design formulations in schedule synchronization. 137
S. Vo;3; Darmstadt, Germany
SYNCRO: A computer-assisted tool for the synchronization of transfers in public 153
transit networks.
A. Desilets, J.-M. Rousseau; Montreal, Canada
XII
Multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem: A new heuristic based on quasi- 167
assignment algorithms.
M. Mesquita, 1. Paixao; Lisboa, Portugal
An approach to vehicle scheduling with depot capacity constraints. 181
A. Lamatsch; Uim, Germany
Optimization in bus scheduling - driver constraints deadheading estimation and 197
size advantage.
C. Fuchs; Tel-Aviv, Israel
Real-time scheduling on a transit bus route. 213
Y. Li, l.-M. Rousseau; Montreal, Canada; F. Wu; Shanghai, People's Republic of China
Part IV: Technology and data collection for scheduling and planning
Improving computer-aided scheduling by cashless payment system FAHRSMART. 237
R. Gatz, N. Buter; Hamburg, Germany
The use of automatic passenger counting data to verify schedule adherence. 245
H.A. Martin, A.H. Steane, Mississauga, Canada; V.C. Mauceri; Burlington, Canada
Automatic passenger counting data: Better schedules improve on-time performance. 259
1. Koffman; Ottawa, Canada
Flexible operation command & control system (FOCCS) with vehicle-autonomous 283
schedule control and synchronisation.
H.E. Gerland; Friedrichshafen, Germany
Part V: Data bases for planning and scheduling
Towards a European standard for scheduling. 305
A. Wren; Leeds, United Kingdom; P. Beecken; Hamburg, Germany
Common database for different scheduling tools. 331
U. Meyer; Bonn, Germany; K. DUbbers, Hamburg, Germany
The integration of computer-aided systems for planning and operational control in 347
public transit.
1.R. Daduna; Friedrichshafen, Germany
o Part VI: Crew scheduling
EXPRESS: Set partitioning for bus crew scheduling in Christchurch. 359
1.c. Falkner, D.M. Ryan; Auckland, New Zealand
Driver scheduling using intelligent estimation techniques with heuristic searches. 379
R.S.K. Kwan, A. Wren, L.P. Zhao; Leeds, United Kingdom
XIII
CREW-OPT: Subproblem modeling in a column generation approach to urban 395
crew scheduling.
M. Desro-:hers. J. Gilbert. M. Sauve. F. Soumis; t--.lontn!al. Canada
A new decomposition scheme of the urban public transport scheduling problem. 407
I. Patrikalakis. D. XerocostJS; Athens. Greece
Appendix I 427
Appendix 2 431