Computed Tomography: Physical Principles, Clinical Applications, and Quality Control

518 Pages·2015·19.468 MB·English

by  Euclid Seeram

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COMPUTED
TOMOGRAPHY
Physical Principles, Clinical
Applications, and Quality Control
FOURTH EDITION
Dr. EUCLID SEERAM,
PhD, MSc, BSc, FCAMRT
Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences
University of Sydney; Monash University;
Charles Sturt University
Australia
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES, CLINICAL
APPLICATIONS, AND QUALITY CONTROL, FOURTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-31288-2
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Previous editions copyrighted 2009, 2001, 1994.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechani-
cal, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permis-
sions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright
Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other
than as may be noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden
our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become
necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and
using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or
methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they
have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most
current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be
administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and
contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of
their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and
to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any
liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or
otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the
material herein.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Seeram, Euclid, author.
Computed tomography : physical principles, clinical applications, and quality control / Dr. Euclid Seeram. --
Fourth edition.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-323-31288-2 (pbk. : alk. paper)
I. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Tomography, X-Ray Computed. WN 206]
RC78.7.T6
616.07’572--dc23
2015020943
Content Strategist: Sonya Seigafuse
Content Development Specialist: Laura Goodrich
Publishing Services Manager: Hemamalini Rajendrababu
Project Manager: Kamatchi Madhavan
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Marketing Manager: Kristen Conrad
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
D E D I C AT I O N
This book is dedicated with love and affection to my beautiful, smart,
and overall cute and witty granddaughter
CLAIRE.
You bring so much joy and happiness to our lives.

C O N T R I B U T O R S
Dr Frederic H. Fahey, D.Sc Dr Jocelyne S. LaPointe, MD, FRCPC
Director of Nuclear Medicine/PET Physics Neuroradiologist
Division of Nuclear Medicine Department of Radiology
Children’s Hospital Vancouver General Hospital
Boston, MA Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Dr Jiang Hsieh, PhD Dr Scott Lipson, MD
Chief Scientist, Applied Science Lab Associate Director of Imaging
General Electric Healthcare Technologies Department of Radiology
Waukesha, WI Long Beach Memorial Medical Center
Long Beach, CA
Dr Matthew D. Palmer, PhD
Radiology Dr Son Nguyen, MD
Harvard Medical School Staff Radiologist
Nuclear Medicine Physicist Miller’s Children’s Hospital
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Long Beach Memorial Medical Center
Boston, MA Long Beach, CA
The author and publisher would also like to acknowledge
the following individuals for contributions to the previous
editions of this book:
Dr Borys Flak, MD
Associate Clinical Professor
Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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R E V I E W E R S
Jeff L. Berry, MS, RT (R) (CT) Kamau Nkenge, M.S.R.S, RRA, RT (CT) (R)
Associate Professor, Radiography Program Director (ARRT)
Department of Medical Imaging & Radiation Registered Radiologist Assistant
Sciences MedStart Good Samaritan Hospital;
College of Allied Health Professor
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Community College of Baltimore County Essex
Oklahoma City, OK Campus
Baltimore County, MD
Rebecca Blankley, MFA, RT (R) (M) (CT), MRI
Lecturer III Amanda L. Pedrick, BS, RT (R) (CT) (MR)
University of New Mexico (ARRT)
Albuquerque, NM CT and MRI Programs Manager and Instructor
Eastern Florida State College
Patricia M. Davis, BS Medical Imaging Cocoa, FL
Technology, RT (R) (MR)
Assistant Clinical Professor, Clinical Liaison Taryn Price, BS RS, RT (R) (CT)
Indiana University Kokomo CT Instructor (faculty)
Kokomo, IN New Mexico State University–Dona Ana
Community College
Nicole B. Dhanraj, PhD, RT (R) (CT) (MR) Las Cruces, NM
Continuing Education
Puyallup, WA Kristi K. Rayman, BS, RT (R) (M) (CT) (MR)
Advanced Medical Imaging Program Coordinator
Kerry Greene-Donnelly, MBA, RT (R) (M) (CT) Mitchell Technical Institute
(QM) Mitchell, SD;
Assistant Professor Circuit Lecturer
Upstate Medical University Stronger Links Medical Imaging Education
Syracuse, NY Spearfish, SD
Caroline J. Khazei, RTR Robin Annette Rayman, CNMT, PET, RT (N),
Instructor, CT Technologist EMT-B
Vancouver General Hospital/ British Columbia Certified Nuclear Medicine and PET Technologist
Institute of Technology Sanford USD Medical Center
Vancouver, BC Sioux Falls, SD
Diana E. Mishler, MBA-HM, RT (R) (S), RDMS Adam J. Stevens, MA, RT (R) (CT) (MR)
Director and Clinical Assistant Professor Computed Tomography Program Director
Medical Imaging Technology Program University of Nebraska Medical Center, School of
Indiana University Kokomo Allied Health Profession
Kokomo, IN Omaha, NE
Leanna Neubrander, MS, RT (R) (CT) (ARRT) Ronald Walker, MBA, CNMT, PET
Assistant Professor, Department of Radiologic Assistant Professor
Sciences The University of Findlay
Adventist University of Health Sciences Findlay, OH
Orlando, FL
Timothy Whittaker, MS, RT (R) (CT) (QM)
Professor of Radiography
Hazard Community and Technical College
Hazard, KY
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