Computed Body Tomography with MRI Correlation

1837 Pages·2006·404.62 MB·English

by  Joseph K.T. Lee

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Computed Body Tomography
with MRI Correlation
FOURTH EDITION
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Computed Body Tomography
with MRI Correlation
FOURTH EDITION
EDITORS
JOSEPH K. T. LEE, MD
E. H. Wood Distinguished Professor and Chair
Department of Radiology
University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
STUART S. SAGEL, MD
Professor of Radiology
Director, Chest Radiology Section
Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
ROBERT J. STANLEY, MD, MSHA
Editor-in-Chief
American Journal of Roentgenology
Professor and Chair Emeritus, Department of Radiology
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama
JAY P. HEIKEN, MD
Professor of Radiology
Director, Abdominal Imaging Section
Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri
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Acquisitions Editor: Lisa McAllister
Managing Editor: Kerry Barrett
Project Manager: Fran Gunning
Manufacturing Manager: Ben Rivera
Marketing Manager: Angela Panetta
Design Coordinator: Teresa Mallon
Production Services: Nesbitt Graphics, Inc.
Printer: Maple Press
©2006 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
530 Walnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA
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All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be
reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any
information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copy-
right owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Ma-
terials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties
as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright.
Printed in the USA
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Computed body tomography with MRI correlation / editors, Joseph K.T. Lee, Stuart S. Sagel.— 4th ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7817-4526-8
1. Tomography. 2. Magnetic resonance imaging. I. Lee, Joseph K. T. II. Sagel, Stuart S., 1940- . III. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Tomography, X-Ray Computed. 2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. WN 206 C7378 2005]
RC78.7.T6C6416 2005
616.07’57—dc22
2005029421
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to
describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher
are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application
of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with
respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication.
Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional
responsibility of the practitioner.
The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug
selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommen-
dations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing
research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information
relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package
insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added
warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended
agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.
Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the
responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or
device planned for use in their clinical practice.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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To our wives,
Christina, Beverlee, Sally, and Fran
To our children,
Alexander, Betsy, and Catherine; Scott, Darryl, and Brett;
Ann, Robert, Catherine, and Sara; and Lauren
And to our grandchildren
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Contents
Contributing Authors ix 12 LIVER 829
Preface xi Jay P. Heiken, Christine O. Menias, and Khaled Elsayes
Acknowledgments xiii
13 THE BILIARY TRACT 931
1 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTED Franklin N. Tessler and Mark E. Lockhart
TOMOGRAPHY PHYSICS AND TECHNICAL CON-
14 SPLEEN 973
SIDERATIONS 1
David M. Warshauer
Kyongtae T. Bae and Bruce R. Whiting
15 THE PANCREAS 1007
2 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING PRINCIPLES
Desiree E. Morgan and Robert J. Stanley
AND APPLICATIONS 29
Mark A. Brown and Richard C. Semelka 16 ABDOMINAL WALL AND
PERITONEAL CAVITY 1101
3 INTERVENTIONAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 95
Jay P. Heiken, Christine O. Menias, and Khaled Elsayes
Charles T. Burke, Matthew A. Mauro, and Paul L. Molina
17 RETROPERITONEUM 1155
4 NECK 145
David M. Warshauer, Joseph K. T. Lee, and Harish Patel
Franz J. Wippold II
18 THE KIDNEY AND URETER 1233
5 THORAX: TECHNIQUES AND NORMAL
Mark E. Lockhart, J. Kevin Smith, and Philip J. Kenney
ANATOMY 225
Fernando R. Gutierrez, Santiago Rossi, and 19 THE ADRENAL GLANDS 1311
Sanjeev Bhalla Suzan M. Goldman and Philip J. Kenney
6 MEDIASTINUM 311 20 PELVIS 1375
Alvaro Huete-Garin and Stuart S. Sagel Julia R. Fielding
7 LUNG 421 21 COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF
Stuart S. Sagel THORACOABDOMINAL TRAUMA 1417
Paul L. Molina, Michele T. Quinn, Edward W. Bouchard,
8 PLEURA, CHEST WALL, AND DIAPHRAGM 569
and Joseph K. T. Lee
David S. Gierada and Richard M. Slone
22 MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM 1481
9 HEART AND PERICARDIUM 667
Robert Lopez-Ben, Daniel S. Moore, and
Pamela K. Woodard, Sanjeev Bhalla,
D. Dean Thornton
Cylen Javidan-Nejad, and Paul D. Stein
23 THE SPINE 1661
10 NORMAL ABDOMINAL AND
Zoran Rumboldt, Mauricio Castillo, and J. Keith Smith
PELVIC ANATOMY 707
Dennis M. Balfe, Brett Gratz, and Christine Peterson 24 PEDIATRIC APPLICATIONS 1727
Marilyn J. Siegel
11 GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 771
Cheri L. Canon Index 1793
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Contributing Authors
Kyongtae T. Bae, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Julia R. Fielding, MD Associate Professor and Director of
Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, University
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North
Missouri Carolina
Dennis M. Balfe, MD Professor of Radiology, Department David S. Gierada, MD Associate Professor of Radiology,
of Diagnostic Radiology, Washington University School of Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
Sanjeev Bhalla, MD Assistant Professor of Radiology, Suzan Menasce Goldman, MD, PhD Affiliated Professor,
Co-Chief, CT and Emergency Radiology, Mallinckrodt Imaging Diagnosis Department, UNIFESP/EPM, São
Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Paulo, Brazil
Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
Brett Gratz, MD Instructor in Radiology, Mallinckrodt
Edward W. Bouchard, MD Radiology Resident, University Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of
of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
Carolina
Fernando R. Gutierrez, MD Professor of Radiology,
Mark A. Brown, PhD Senior Technical Instructor, Siemens Cardiothoracic Imaging Section, Mallinckrodt Institute of
Training and Development Center, Cary, North Carolina Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St.
Louis, Missouri
Charles T. Burke, MD Assistant Professor of Radiology,
University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Jay P. Heiken, MD Professor of Radiology, Department of
Hill, North Carolina Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis,
Cheri L. Canon, MD Associate Professor, Vice Chair for
Missouri
Education, Department of Radiology, University of
Alabama at Birmingham; Chief, Gastrointestinal Alvaro L. Huete-Garin, MD Assistant Professor of
Radiology, Department of Radiology, UAB Health System, Radiology, Catholic University, Santiago, Chile
Birmingham, Alabama
Cylen Javidan-Nejad, MD Assistant Professor of
Mauricio Castillo, MD Professor and Director of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Mallinckrodt Institute of
Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine,
North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North St. Louis, Missouri
Carolina
Philip J. Kenney, MD Director of Outpatient Radiology and
Khaled M. Elsayes, MD Staff Radiologist, Theodore Bilhars Chief, GU Section, Professor, Abdominal Imaging Section,
Institute, Giza, Egypt Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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x Contributing Authors
Joseph K. T. Lee, MD E. H. Wood Distinguished Professor Richard C. Semelka, MD Professor and Vice Chair of
and Chairman, Department of Radiology, University of Research, Department of Radiology, University of North
North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Carolina
Marilyn Joy Siegel, MD Professor of Radiology and
Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH Director, Abdominal Imaging Pediatrics, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology,
Fellowship, Assistant Professor, Abdominal Imaging Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis,
Section, Department of Radiology, University of Alabama Missouri
at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
Richard M. Slone, MD, FCCP Virtual Radiologic
Robert Lopez-Ben, MD Associate Professor of Radiology, Professionals, PLLC, Virtual Radiologic Consultants,
University of Alabama Medical School, Birmingham, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Alabama
J. Kevin Smith, MD, PhD Vice Chair for Veterans Affairs,
Matthew A. Mauro, MD Professor and Vice Chair of Associate Professor, Abdominal Imaging Section,
Clinical Affairs, Department of Radiology, University of Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at
North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
Carolina
J. Keith Smith, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Radiology,
Christine O. Menias, MD Assistant Professor, Department University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel
of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Hill, North Carolina
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis,
Robert J. Stanley, MD, MSHA Professor and Chair
Missouri
Emeritus, Department of Radiology, University of
Paul Lee Molina, MD Professor of Radiology and Vice Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
Chairman of Education, Department of Radiology,
Paul D. Stein, MD St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Pontiac,
University of North Carolina School of Medicine,
Michigan
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Franklin N. Tessler, MD, CM Professor of Radiology,
Daniel S. Moore, MD Assistant Professor, Department of
Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at
Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
School, Dallas, Texas
D. Dean Thornton, MD Clinical Assistant Professor,
Desiree E. Morgan, MD Associate Professor and Medical
Department of Radiology, University of Alabama Medical
Director—MRI, Department of Radiology, University of
School, Birmingham, Alabama
Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
David M. Warshauer, MD Professor of Radiology,
Harish Patel, MD Clinical Instructor, Department of
University of North Carolina School of Medicine,
Radiology, University of North Carolina School of
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Bruce R. Whiting, PhD Research Assistant, Professor of
Christine M. Peterson, MD Clinical Fellow, Department
Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology,
of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis,
Missouri
Missouri
Franz J. Wippold II, MD, FACR Professor of Radiology,
Michele T. Quinn, MD Radiology Resident, University of
Chief of Neuroradiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of
North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North
Radiology, Washington University Medical Center, St.
Carolina
Louis, Missouri; Adjunct Professor of Radiology and
Santiago Enrique Rossi, MD Centro de Diagnostico, Nuclear Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine,
Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences,
Argentina Bethesda, Maryland
Zoran Rumboldt, MD Associate Professor of Radiology, Pamela K. Woodard, MD Associate Professor, Mallinckrodt
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of
Carolina Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
Stuart S. Sagel, MD Professor of Radiology and Director,
Chest Radiology Section, Mallinckrodt Institute of
Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St.
Louis, Missouri