Computational Mind: A Complex Dynamics Perspective

697 Pages·2007·8.166 MB·English

by  Dr. Vladimir G. Ivancevic, Tijana T. Ivancevic (auth.)

VladimirG.IvancevicandTijanaT.Ivancevic
ComputationalMind:AComplexDynamicsPerspective
StudiesinComputationalIntelligence,Volume60
Editor-in-chief
Prof.JanuszKacprzyk
SystemsResearchInstitute
PolishAcademyofSciences
ul.Newelska6
01-447Warsaw
Poland
E-mail:[email protected]
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Vladimir G. Ivancevic
Tijana T. Ivancevic
Computational Mind:
A Complex Dynamics
Perspective
With 108 Figures and 4 Tables
VladimirG.Ivancevic TijanaT.Ivancevic
HumanSystemsIntegration TheUniversityofAdelaide
LandOperationsDivision DepartmentofAppliedMathematics
DefenceScience&TechnologyOrganisation SchoolofMathematicalSciences
POBox1500 SA5005
75Labs Australia
EdinburghSA5111 E-mail:[email protected]
Australia
E-mail:[email protected].
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ISSNprintedition:1860-949X
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ISBN978-3-540-71465-1SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
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Preface
Computational Mind: A Complex Dynamics Perspective is a graduate–level
monographic textbook in the field of Computational Intelligence. It presents
a modern dynamical theory of the computational mind, combining cognitive
psychology, artificial and computational intelligence, and chaos theory with
quantum consciousness and computation. The book has three Chapters. The
first Chapter gives an introduction to human and computational mind, com-
paring and contrasting main themes of cognitive psychology, artificial and
computational intelligence. The second Chapter presents brain/mind dynam-
ics from the chaos theory perspective, including sections on chaos in human
EEG, basics of nonlinear dynamics and chaos, techniques of chaos control,
synchronization in chaotic systems and complexity in humanoid robots. The
lastChapterpresentsmoderntheoryofquantumcomputationalmind,includ-
ing sections on Dirac–Feynman quantum dynamics, quantum consciousness,
and quantum computation using Josephson junctions. The book is designed
as a one–semester course for computer scientists, engineers, physicists and
applied mathematicians, both in industry and academia. It includes a strong
bibliography on the subject and detailed index.
Adelaide, V. Ivancevic, Defence Science & Technology Organisation,
Now 2006 Australia, e-mail: [email protected]
T. Ivancevic, School of Mathematics, The University of Adelaide,
e-mail: [email protected]
Contents
1 Introduction: Human and Computational Mind............ 1
1.1 Natural Intelligence and Human Mind ..................... 1
1.1.1 Human Intelligence ................................ 39
1.1.2 Human Problem Solving ........................... 81
1.1.3 Human Mind ..................................... 89
1.2 Artificial and Computational Intelligence ...................111
1.2.1 Artificial Intelligence...............................111
1.2.2 Computational Intelligence .........................185
2 Chaotic Brain/Mind Dynamics ............................271
2.1 Chaos in Human EEG ...................................271
2.2 Basics of Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos Theory ............274
2.2.1 Language of Nonlinear Dynamics....................282
2.2.2 Linearized Autonomous Dynamics...................286
2.2.3 Oscillations and Periodic Orbits.....................290
2.2.4 Conservative versus Dissipative Dynamics ............295
2.2.5 Attractors........................................302
2.2.6 Chaotic Behavior..................................314
2.2.7 Chaotic Repellors and Their Fractal Dimension .......335
2.2.8 Fractal Basin Boundaries and Saddle–Node
Bifurcations ......................................357
2.2.9 Chaos Field Theory................................372
2.3 Chaos Control ..........................................374
2.3.1 Feedback versus Non–Feedback Algorithms ...........374
2.3.2 Exploiting Critical Sensitivity.......................378
2.3.3 Lyapunov Exponents and Kaplan–Yorke Dimension....380
2.3.4 Kolmogorov–Sinai Entropy .........................382
2.3.5 Chaos Control by Ott, Grebogi and Yorke) ...........383
2.3.6 Floquet Stability Analysis and OGY Control..........386
2.3.7 Blind Chaos Control...............................390
X Contents
2.4 Synchronization in Chaotic Systems .......................394
2.4.1 Lyapunov Vectors and Lyapunov Exponents ..........395
2.4.2 Phase Synchronization in Coupled Chaotic
Oscillators........................................402
2.4.3 The Onset of Synchronization in Chaotic Systems .....405
2.4.4 Neural Bursting and Consciousness ..................415
2.5 Complexity of Humanoid Robots ..........................423
2.5.1 General Complexity ...............................423
2.5.2 Humanoid Robotics................................428
2.5.3 Humanoid Complexity .............................440
3 Quantum Computational Mind ............................461
3.1 Dirac–Feynman Quantum Dynamics .......................461
3.1.1 Non–Relativistic Quantum Mechanics................461
3.1.2 Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
and Electrodynamics...............................479
3.1.3 Feynman’s Path–Integral Quantum Theory ...........496
3.2 Quantum Consciousness..................................520
3.2.1 EPR Paradox and Bell’s Theorem ...................520
3.2.2 Orchestrated Objective Reduction and Penrose
Paradox..........................................532
3.2.3 Physical Science and Consciousness..................537
3.2.4 Quantum Brain ...................................547
3.2.5 A Unified Theory of Matter and Mind ...............570
3.2.6 Quantum Consciousness............................583
3.2.7 Quantum–Like Psychodynamics.....................592
3.3 Quantum Computation and Chaos: Josephson Junctions......606
3.3.1 Josephson Effect and Pendulum Analog ..............609
3.3.2 Dissipative Josephson Junction......................612
3.3.3 Josephson Junction Ladder (JJL) ...................617
3.3.4 Synchronization in Arrays of Josephson Junctions .....626
References.....................................................639
Index..........................................................675
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Land Operations Division, Defence Science &
TechnologyOrganisation,Australia,forthesupportindevelopingtheHuman
Biodynamics Engine (HBE)andalltheHBE–relatedtextinthismonograph.
We also express our gratitude to Springer book series Studies in Compu-
tational Intelligence andespeciallytotheEditor,ProfessorJanuszKacprzyk.
1
Introduction: Human and Computational Mind
In this Chapter we compare and contrast human and computational mind,
from psychological, AI and CI perspectives.
1.1 Natural Intelligence and Human Mind
Recall that the word intelligence (plural intelligences) comes from Latin
intellegentia.1 Itisapropertyofhuman mind thatencompassesmanyrelated
mental abilities, such as the capacities to reason, plan, solve problems, think
abstractly,comprehendideasandlanguage,andlearn.Althoughmanyregard
the concept of intelligence as having a much broader scope, for example in
cognitive science and computer science, in some schools of psychology,2 the
1 Intellegentia isacombinationofLatininter = between andlegere = choose, pick
out, read. Inter–lege–nt–ia, literally means ‘choosing between.’
Also,notethatthereisaisascientificjournaltitled‘Intelligence’,dealingwith
intelligenceandpsychometrics.Itwasfoundedin1977byDouglasK.Detterman
of Case Western Reserve University. It is currently published by Elsevier and is
the official journal of the International Society for Intelligence Research.
2 Recall that psychology is an academic and applied field involving the study of
the human mind, brain, and behavior. Psychology also refers to the application
of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of
individuals’ daily lives and the treatment of mental illness.
Psychology differs from anthropology, economics, political science, and socio-
logy in seeking to explain the mental processes and behavior of individuals.
Psychologydiffersfrombiologyandneuroscienceinthatitisprimarilyconcerned
withtheinteractionofmentalprocessesandbehavior,andoftheoverallprocesses
ofasystem,andnotsimplythebiologicalorneuralprocessesthemselves,though
thesubfieldofneuropsychologycombinesthestudyoftheactualneuralprocesses
with the study of the mental effects they have subjectively produced.
The word psychology comes from the ancient Greek ‘psyche’, which means
‘soul’ or ‘mind’ and ‘ology’, which means ‘study’.
V.G.IvancevicandT.T.Ivancevic:Introduction: Human and Computational Mind,Studiesin
ComputationalIntelligence(SCI)60,1–269(2007)
www.springerlink.com (cid:1)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2007