computational aerodynamics laboratory manual b.tech

147 Pages·2016·5.99 MB·English

COMPUTATIONAL AERODYNAMICS

LABORATORY MANUAL

B.TECH
(IV YEAR I SEM)
–
(2016-17)

Prepared by:
Mr. J. Sandeep, Assistant Professor
Mrs. D. Smitha, Associate Professor

Department of Aeronautical Engineering

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India)
Recognized under 2(f) and 12 (B) of UGC ACT 1956
Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC – (cid:858)A(cid:859) Grade - ISO 9001:2015 Certified)
Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via. Hakimpet), Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State, India.
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DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

VISION
Department of Aeronautical Engineering aims to be indispensable source in Aeronautical
Engineering which has a zeal to provide the value driven platform for the students to acquire
knowledge and empower themselves to shoulder higher responsibility in building a strong nation.
MISSION
a) The primary mission of the department is to promote engineering education and research.
(b) To strive consistently to provide quality education, keeping in pace with time and technology.
(c) Department passions to integrate the intellectual, spiritual, ethical and social development of the
students for shaping them into dynamic engineers.
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Dept of ANE, MRCET

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEO’S)

PEO1: PROFESSIONALISM & CITIZENSHIP
To create and sustain a community of learning in which students acquire knowledge and learn to
apply it professionally with due consideration for ethical, ecological and economic issues.
PEO2: TECHNICAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS
To provide knowledge based services to satisfy the needs of society and the industry by
providing hands on experience in various technologies in core field.
PEO3: INVENTION, INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY
To make the students to design, experiment, analyze, interpret in the core field with the help of
other multi disciplinary concepts wherever applicable.
PEO4: PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
To educate the students to disseminate research findings with good soft skills and become a
successful entrepreneur.
PEO5: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
To graduate the students in building national capabilities in technology, education and research.
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Dept of ANE, MRCET

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES (PSO’s)

1. To mould students to become a professional with all necessary skills, personality and sound
knowledge in basic and advance technological areas.
2. To promote understanding of concepts and develop ability in design manufacture and
maintenance of aircraft, aerospace vehicles and associated equipment and develop application
capability of the concepts sciences to engineering design and processes.
3. Understanding the current scenario in the field of aeronautics and acquire ability to apply
knowledge of engineering, science and mathematics to design and conduct experiments in the
field of Aeronautical Engineering.
4. To develop leadership skills in our students necessary to shape the social, intellectual, business
and technical worlds.
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PROGRAM OBJECTIVES (PO’S)

Engineering Graduates will be able to:
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design / development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with
appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data,
and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and
need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give
and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member
and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multi disciplinary environments.
12. Life- long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.
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Dept of ANE, MRCET

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

IV Year B. Tech. A. E – I Sem
L T/P/D C
- -/3/- 2

(A72186)COMPUTATIONAL AERODYNAMICS LAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENT:

1. Introduction to any one of the suitable software employed in modeling and simulation of
aerodynamic problems.
2,3. Solution for the following equations using finite difference method(code development).
i) One dimensional wave equations using explicit method of lax
ii) One dimensional heat conduction equation using explicit method
4,5. Generation of the following grids(code development).
i) Algebraic Grid
iii) Elliptic Grids.
6,7,8,9,10. Numerical simulation of the following flow problems using commercial software
packages:
i) Flow over an airfoil.
ii) Supersonic flow over a wedge.
iii) Flat plate boundary layer.
iv) Laminar flow through pipe.
v) Flow past a cylinder.

Suggested software:
1. ANSYS FLUENT and CFX
2. MATLAB
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CONTENTS

S.No Experiment Name Pg.No
1 Introduction to Modeling and simulation software to aerodynamicproblems 1
2 Solution for the one dimensional wave equations using explicit method of lax 13
using finite difference method (code development)
3 Solution for the one dimensional heat conduction equation using explicit 16
method using finite difference method (code development)
4 Generation of the Algebraic Grid (code development) 19
5 Generation of the Elliptic Grids (code development) 22
6 Introduction to ANSYS Modeling and simulation software to aerodynamicproblems 28
Numerical simulation of Flow over an airfoil using commercial software
Packages
7 Numerical simulation of Supersonic flow over a wedge using commercial 39
software packages
8 Numerical simulation of Flat plate boundary layer using commercial 43
software packages
9 Numerical simulation of Laminar flow through pipe using commercial 46
software packages
10 Numerical simulation of Flow past cylinder using commercial software 51
packages

11 Viva Questions 55
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CODE OF CONDUCT FOR THE LABORATORIES

 All students must observe the Dress Code while in the laboratory.

 Sandals or open-toed shoes are NOT allowed.

 Foods, drinks and smoking are NOT allowed.

 All bags must be left at the indicated place.

 The lab timetable must be strictly followed.

 Be PUNCTUAL for your laboratory session.

 Program must be executed within the given time.

 Noise must be kept to a minimum.

 Workspace must be kept clean and tidy at all time.

 Handle the systems and interfacing kits with care.

 All students are liable for any damage to the accessories due to their own negligence.

 All interfacing kits connecting cables must be RETURNED if you taken from the lab supervisor.
 Students are strictly PROHIBITED from taking out any items from the laboratory.

 Students are NOT allowed to work alone in the laboratory without the Lab Supervisor

 USB Ports have been disabled if you want to use USB drive consult lab supervisor.
 Report immediately to the Lab Supervisor if any malfunction of the accessories, is there.

Before leaving the lab

 Place the chairs properly.

 Turn off the system properly

 Turn off the monitor.

 Please check the laboratory notice board regularly for updates.
Dept of ANE, MRCET CA Lab Manual

1. INTRODUCTION TO MODELING AND SIMULATION
SOFTWARE TO AERODYNAMICPROBLEMS

A model is a mathematical object that has the ability to predict the behavior of a real system
under a set of defined operating conditions and simplifying assumptions
The term modeling refers to the development of a mathematical representation of a physical
situation

WHAT IS MODELING?
• Modeling is the process of producing a model.
• A model is a representation of the construction and working of some system of
interest.
• A model is similar to but simpler than the system it represents.
• One purpose of a model is to enable the analyst to predict the effect of changes to the
system. Generally, a model intended for a simulation study is a mathematical model
developed with the help of simulation software.
• Mathematical model classifications include
• Deterministic (input and output variables are fixed values) or Stochastic (at least one of the
input or output variables is probabilistic);
• Static (time is not taken into account) or
• Dynamic (time-varying interactions among variables are taken into account).
• Typically, simulation models are stochastic and dynamic.

Simulation is the process of exercising a model for a particular instantiation of the system
and specific set of inputs in order to predict the system response.
simulation refers to the procedure of solving the equations that resulted from model
development

WHAT IS SIMULATION?
• A simulation of a system is the operation of a model of the system.
• The operation of the model can be studied, and hence, properties concerning the
behavior of the actual system or its subsystem can be inferred.
• In its broadest sense, simulation is a tool to evaluate the performance of a system,
existing or proposed, under different configurations of interest and over long periods
of real time.
• Simulation is used
• before an existing system is altered or a new system built,
• to reduce the chances of failure to meet specifications,
• to eliminate unforeseen bottlenecks,
• to prevent under or over-utilization of resources,
• to optimize system performance.

How to select the best simulation software for an application arises?
Metrics for evaluation include

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Dept of ANE, MRCET CA Lab Manual

• Modeling flexibility
• Ease of use
• Modeling structure (hierarchical v/s flat; object-oriented v/s nested)
• Code reusability
• Graphic user interface
• Animation, dynamic business graphics, hardware and software requirements
• Statistical capabilities
• Output reports and graphical plots
• Customer support and documentation
• Mathematical modeling - Aerospace Applications
• Using basic equations from dynamics, mathematical equations are written that
describe how the vehicle will move in response to forces that are applied to the
vehicle. For example, it is pretty easy to describe how a rocket will accelerate when a
constant thrust is provided by the rocket's engine.
• Another type of modeling problem would be to understand and predict, in a
mathematical equation, how an aircraft will respond to hitting an updraft in the
atmosphere, or how the aircraft will respond to the deflection of various control
surfaces at different airspeeds.
• An aerodynamic subsystem model describes how the vehicle will respond to forces
caused by motion of the vehicle through the atmosphere, and predicts the effects of
each different control surface (such as the flaps, rudders, ailerons, etc.) upon the
motion of the vehicle.
• A propulsion subsystem model describes how any motors or engines will behave and
what forces will act on the vehicle to which they are attached.
• A landing gear subsystem model is required when the vehicle is in contact with the
ground in order to model how the ground reaction forces are created and how they
affect the motion of the vehicle.
• An inertial properties subsystem model provides details about how the mass and
inertia of the vehicle might change with time.
• any electrical, mechanical, or electronic system that assists the pilot in moving the
control surfaces has to be described mathematically

The steps involved in developing a simulation model, designing a simulation experiment, and
performing simulation analysis are:
Step 1. Identify the problem.
Step 2. Formulate the problem.
Step 3. Collect and process real system data.
Step 4. Formulate and develop a model.
Step 5. Validate the model.
Step 6. Document model for future use.
Step 7. Select appropriate experimental design.
Step 8. Establish experimental conditions for runs.
Step 9. Perform simulation runs.
Step 10. Interpret and present results.
Step 11. Recommend further course of action.

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