CompTIA network+ certification all-in-one exam guide: exam N10-006

899 Pages·2015·57.161 MB·English

by  Computing Technology Industry Association.;Meyers, Mike

ALL ■ IN ■ ONE
CompTIA
Net work+
®
Cer tification
E X A M G U I D E
Sixth Edition
(Exam N10-006)
Mike Meyers
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To Tim Green: Th ank you for all the years and projects you’ve worked
on with me, and for your never-fl agging professionalism and brilliance.
And, yeah, thanks for putting up with me!
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Michael Meyers is the industry’s leading authority on CompTIA Network+ certification. He is
the president and founder of Total Seminars, LLC, a major provider of PC and network repair
seminars for thousands of organizations throughout the world, and a member of CompTIA.
Mike has written numerous popular textbooks, including the best-selling Mike Meyers’ Comp-
TIA A+® Guide to Managing & Troubleshooting PCs, Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+® Guide to Essen-
tials, and Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+® Guide to Operating Systems.
About the Contributor
Scott Jernigan wields a mighty red pen as Editor-in-Chief for Total Seminars. With a Master of
Arts degree in Medieval History, Scott feels as much at home in the musty archives of London as
he does in the crisp IPS glow of Total Seminars’ Houston HQ. After fleeing a purely academic life,
he dove headfirst into IT, working as an instructor, editor, and writer.
Scott has written, edited, and contributed to dozens of books on computer literacy, hardware,
operating systems, networking, and certification, including Computer Literacy—Your Ticket to IC3
Certification, and is co-author with Mike Meyers of the All-in-One CompTIA Strata® IT Funda-
mentals Exam Guide.
Scott has taught computer classes all over the United States, including stints at the United
Nations in New York and the FBI Academy in Quantico. Practicing what he preaches, Scott is a
CompTIA A+ and CompTIA Network+ certified technician, a Microsoft Certified Professional,
a Microsoft Office User Specialist, and Certiport Internet and Computing Core Certified.
About the Technical Editor
Jonathan S. Weissman has over 14 years of higher education teaching experience. He is a ten-
ured Assistant Professor and IT Program Coordinator in the Computing Sciences Department
at Finger Lakes Community College. He also is a full-time lecturer in the Computing Security
Department at Rochester Institute of Technology, teaching both graduate and undergraduate
courses. The highlight of his career came in May 2014, when he was awarded the RIT Outstand-
ing Teaching Award for Non-Tenure Track Faculty 2013-2014. Jonathan is also a lecturer for the
School of Management at Nazareth College, where he teaches IT courses.
Jonathan has a Master’s degree in Computer Science from Brooklyn College. He has 34 in-
dustry certifications, including CompTIA’s A+, Network+, and Security+, Cisco’s CCNP, CCNA
Routing and Switching, and CCNA Security, EC-Council’s Certified Ethical Hacker and Com-
puter Hacking Forensics Investigator, five IPv6 certifications, and more. Jonathan has taught over
three dozen courses in networking, security, administration, ethical hacking, forensics, program-
ming, Web design, Web scripting, database design, and more.
Besides teaching, Jonathan does computer networking and security industry consulting for
area businesses and individuals, and also serves as technical editor for many textbooks on network-
ing, security, administration, and programming.
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Universal Skills
CompTIA certifications are vendor neutral—which means that certified professionals can profi-
ciently work with an extensive variety of hardware and software found in most organizations.
Learn more about what Purchase a voucher at a Congratulations on your
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• Take your certification exam.
Learn More: Certification.CompTIA.org/networkplus
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Chapter 1 CompTIA Network+ in a Nutshell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Who Needs CompTIA Network+? I Just Want to Learn about Networks! . . . . . . . . . 2
What Is CompTIA Network+ Certification? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
What Is CompTIA? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The Current CompTIA Network+ Certification Exam Release . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
How Do I Become CompTIA Network+ Certified? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
What Is the Exam Like? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
How Do I Take the Test? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
How Much Does the Test Cost? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
How to Pass the CompTIA Network+ Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Obligate Yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Set Aside the Right Amount of Study Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Study for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Historical/Conceptual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Chapter 2 Network Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Historical/Conceptual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Working with Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Biography of a Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Network Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
The OSI Seven-Layer Model in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Welcome to MHTechEd! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Test Specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Let’s Get Physical—Network Hardware and Layers 1–2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Beyond the Single Wire—Network Software and Layers 3–7 . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
The TCP/IP Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
The Link Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
The Internet Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
The Transport Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
The Application Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Frames, Packets, and Segments/Datagrams, Oh My! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
The Tech’s Troubleshooting Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
vii
CompTIA Network+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide
viii
Chapter 3 Cabling and Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Test Specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Network Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Bus and Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Hybrids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Mesh and Point-to-Multipoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Point-to-Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Parameters of a Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Cabling and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Copper Cabling and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Fiber-Optic Cabling and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Other Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Fire Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Networking Industry Standards—IEEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Chapter 4 Ethernet Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Historical/Conceptual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Test Specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Ethernet Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
CSMA/CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Early Ethernet Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Bus Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
10BaseT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
10BaseFL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Extending and Enhancing Ethernet Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Couplers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Connecting Ethernet Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Switched Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Troubleshooting Hubs and Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Chapter 5 Modern Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Test Specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
100-Megabit Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
100BaseT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
100BaseFX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Contents
ix
Gigabit Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
1000BaseCX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
1000BaseSX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
1000BaseLX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
SFF Fiber Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Mechanical Connection Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Implementing Multiple Types of Gigabit Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Ethernet Evolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
10 Gigabit Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Beyond Network+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
IEEE 802.3ba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Chapter 6 Installing a Physical Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Historical/Conceptual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Understanding Structured Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Cable Basics—A Star Is Born . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Test Specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Structured Cable Network Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Structured Cable—Beyond the Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Installing Structured Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Getting a Floor Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Mapping the Runs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Determining the Location of the Telecommunications Room . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Pulling Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Making Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Testing the Cable Runs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
NICs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Buying NICs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Link Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Diagnostics and Repair of Physical Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Diagnosing Physical Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Check Your Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Check the NIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Cable Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Problems in the Telecommunications Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Toners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170