Comprehensive Approach to Earthquake Disaster Mitigation PDF
Preview Comprehensive Approach to Earthquake Disaster Mitigation
Andreas Vogel, Oktay ErgGnay, Klaus Brandes and MGfiz Alpmen (Eds.) Comprehensive Approach to Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Progress I• n Earthquake Research and Engineering Edited by Andreas Vogel Volume 1 Andreas Vogel (Ed.) Terrestrial and Space Techniques in Earthquake Prediction Research Volume 2 A. Mete 1~lkara and Andreas Vogel (Eds.) Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Volume 3 Andreas Vogel and Klaus Brandes (Eds.) Earthquake Prognostics Volume 4 Andreas Vogel, Oktay Ergunay, Klaus Brandes and Mufiz Alpmen (Eds.) Comprehensive Approach to Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Andreas Vogel, Oktay Ergunay, Klaus Brandes and Mufiz Alpmen (Eds.) Comprehensive Approach to Earthquake Disaster Mitigation I I Vleweg All rights reserved © Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1993 Vieweg is a subsidiary company of the Bertelsmann Publishing Group International. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright holder. Printed on acid-free paper ISBN-13: 978-3-528-06557-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-322-85461-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-322-85461-2 Contents Editorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. VII Earthquake Source Processes Gu Guohua Kinematic Adjustment of Geodetic Deformation Networks with Piece-wise Linear Deformation History Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 R. Aksoy The Helendale Fault Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 A. Vogel Beyond Plate Tectonics - From a Phenomenological to a Causative View on Global Tectonics and Earthquake Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31 R. Aksoy Discontinuity of the Helendale Fault Zone: Geophysical Evidence 47 F.A. Yiiksel. M. Alpmen Time and Space Distributions of the Intermediate Focal Depth Earthquakes in the South-West of Turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 63 Earthquake Hazard Assessment S. Kociaj Some Aspects of Seismic Hazard Assessment in National and Local Levels in Albania 85 V. Kouskouna. K.C. Makropoulos. N.S. Voulgaris. J. Drakopoulos Qualitative Study of Site Effects on Seismograms. A Case Study in the Area of Eastern-Central Greece ................................................ 119 G.A. Athanasopoulos. D.A. Chrysikos. P.Z. Bousias Cross-hole Measurements for Microzoning Kalamata, Greece 131 K. Anguelov. B. Konstantinov Determining the Properties of Soils with Different Types of Structural Bonds Affected by Earthquake Waves ........................................... 143 Risk Analysis and Evaluation S. Sipahioglu Perspective on Earthquakes in Turkey 169 N. Bayiilke. E. [nan. A. Dogan. A. BUrata Impulse Table Tests of Single Story Buildings 183 P. Giilkan An Engineering Field Reconnaissance Report on the Erzincan Earthquake of 13 March 1992 .................................................... 213 v Measures of Protection O. Ergunay, P. GUlkan Land-use Planning as Instrument of Earthquake Hazard Mitigation 235 M. Erdik, C. Yilmaz, N. Akkas Seismic Rehabilitation of a Capacitor Bank Structure through Base Isolation 279 K. Brandes Safe Design of Bolted Connections in Structural Steelwork 295 O. Ergunay Comprehensive Disaster Planning and Management 305 VI EDITORIAL Earthquake Prognostics Approach to Disaster Mitigation INTRODUCTION There is today no scientific basis for the prediction of de structive earthquakes which could result in issuing early warnings to save lives and property. Currently major efforts towards disaster mitigation are directed to post-disaster man agement through search, rescue and relief operations. A much greater step towards earthquake disaster mitigation should be taken if available scientific knowledge and technol ogical know-how shall be effectively addressed to preventive and protective measures against destruction by future earth quakes. This approach requires a future-oriented way of think ing and acting. prognostics means prevision in the sense of pre-recognition and preparedness. Earthquake Prognostics is such a prevision on future earthquakes, both with respect to the natural hazard and the associated risk through the impact on human environ ment. Originally initiated by a Berlin-based group of scien tists and experts from the Free University, the Technical Uni versity, the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, as well as free enterprise, the concept of Earth quake Prognotics has been further developed at international seminars in various parts of the world into a comprehensive strategy against the impact of future earthquakes. The contri butions to the present volume highlight frontiers of research and applications within a conceptional framework that has been originally outlined at the 3rd international seminar on Earth quake Prognostics held in Ankara in 1988. VII According to the concept of Earthquake Prognostics as illus trated in the simplified block diagram of Fig. 1, the contri butions to this volume are organized into 4 chapters: 1. Investigation of earthquake source processes 2. Hazard assessment 3. Risk assessment and evaluation 4. Preventive measures of protection and disaster response planning Chapter 1 contains examples from the three main approaches to the understanding of the earthquake source processes which are the recognition of the seismotectonic pattern in space and time, investigation of the special distribution and temporal changes of physical fields and rock properties, and studies on crustal deformation and displacement. Chapter 2 on hazard assessment is concerned with source, path and site effects on strong ground motion from the practical side of strong ground motion records to predictive modelling of earthquake ground motion in specific sites. Chapter 3 on risk analysis and evaluation covers the wide as pect of structural response to earthquakes, including the in fluence of local soil conditions, experimental impulse table tests and a damage survey specifically after the Erzincan earthquake, which shows that a great deal of damages and casu alties could have been avoided if available knowledge and technical know-how would have been transferred into the prac tice of earthquake protection, preparedness and loss reduc tion. The last chapter on measures of protection and disaster prepa redness comprises papers on proper land-use planning, earth quake resistant design of structural elements, base isolation, and finally comprehensive disaster preparedness planning and management. VIII Earthquale Disaster IIltigation and Loss Reduction s - c i Proper land-us. city planninq in earthquue-prone areas and Earthquake resistent design and construction both by rigid structures defomtion allowances and Strengthening upgradlnq of existinq bulldlnqs and passive structural control systus by isoiatioo lasS dampers and bus. passl~e Control of structures by la" dalpers aseiSlic and acti~e acti .. hybrid systus and pa"i~. Protection of equip .. nt and technical facUities in houses, offices and plants Seismic safety of trans!"rtation co_ieation systens and Protection of lifelines [or water; electricity and gas supply PlaMinq of disaster _g", .. t by search, rescue .edical aid and operations and epidwQ1O<jical sllr'leillance PlaMinq of relief operations such" provisioo of food, clothes and mpo Prepardness [or !"st-earthquake fire hazards TsunaJlis varninq systens Earthquake insurance Training o[ disaster mitigation experts and "nagers Public Instructions for e"'gency cases mitigation o[ econo,ic, and social i"ycbolO<jlcal consequences and _------_ -.. g, Social and Medical Sciences ncept of Earthquake Prognost n o ri c e e n e Preventi~e Keasures of Protection and Disaster Prepardness Engi of th -- m I a r Risk Analysis and Evaluation Diag k I ~-I oc l B Hazard Assess~ Dent ied f i - l I p m Hodel SiRulation o[ Earthquake Source Processes ences Si \ - I Sci 1. 1\ I h e Seisllo-tectonic Pattern Spatial Distribution and tea!"ral changes of Physical fields and rock proper-ties crustal De[oruatioo and Displace-.ents Eart Figur -- \ I ln~esti-gation of tartbquu. Source Processes x The present Volume is a useful source of informatio:':"), for all who are conce~:'ned with earthquake research and disaster miti gation, for scientists and experts in earth science research applications, in geotechnical engineering, civil engineering, social sciences, disaster response planning and earthquake insurance. We are very grateful to Mrs. Karin Wuttig for retyping very carefully many of the contributed papers and to Mrs. Yvonne Schroder for redrawing many of the figures. Berlin in December 1992 Andreas Vogel Klaus Brandes x
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