Composite repair of sandstone

294 Pages·1998·3.6 MB·English

by  Dossett, James Weldon

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COMPOSITE REPAIR OF SANDSTONE
James Weldon Dossett
A THESIS
in
Historic Preservation
Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements forthe Degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
1998
H^
/isor Reader
i. Matero Dr. A. Elena Charola
AssociateProfessorofArchitecture LecturerinHistoricPreservation
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Graduate Group Chair
>G. Matero
AssociateProfessorofArchitecture
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UNIVERSITY
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1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS »
LIST OF FIGURES v
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO COMPOSITE REPAIR
OF SANDSTONE
1
USE OF SANDSTONE AS A BUILDING MATERIAL 1
SANDSTONE DECAY
1
Sandstone Composition 2
Environment 3
Use 6
SANDSTONE TREATMENTS 7
Cleaning 8
Consolidation 10
Repairof Sandstone 1
COMPOSITE REPAIR 12
Color and Texture 13
WaterVaporTransmission and WaterAbsorption 14
Bond Strength 15
Strength 15
Dimensional Stability 16
16
Durability
Composition 16
Sample Formulae forComposite Repair 20
CHAPTER TWO: TESTING PROGRAM 23
MATERIALS 23
Binder 23
Sand 26
Acrylic Admixture 28
Jahn M 70 #2 30
Stone. 31
COMPOSITE REPAIR FORMULAE 32
METHODOLOGY OF TESTING 34
Consistency 35
ii

Composite Repairof Sandstone Table ofContents
Time of Setting 39
Shrinkage During Curing 41
Thermal Expansion 44
WaterVaporTransmission 45
WaterAbsorption byTotal Immersion 48
Flexural Strength and Modulus of Elasticity 50
Bond Strength 52
Frost Resistance 56
Salt Crystallization 58
Accelerated Weathering 59
Abrasion Resistance 61
CHAPTER THREE: RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 63
CONSISTENCY
63
TIME OF SETTING 65
SHRINKAGE DURING CURE AND THERMAL EXPANSION 67
WATER VAPOR TRANSMISSION AND WATER ABSORPTION 68
FLEXURAL STRENGTH AND MODULUS OF ELASTICITY 71
BOND STRENGTH
74
FROST RESISTANCE
76
SALT CRYSTALLIZATION 79
ACCELERATED WEATHERING
81
ABRASION RESISTANCE 82
SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS
84
Lime Putty Based Formulations 86
Riverton Hydrated Hydraulic Lime Based Formulations 87
Hybrid Formulations - Portland Cement and Lime Putty 88
Jahn M 70 90
REFERENCES
92
APPENDIX A: TEST RESULTS 99
CONSISTENCY
100
TIME OF SETTING
101
WATER VAPOR TRANSMISSION 102
WATER ABSORPTION
105