Composite bows from the tomb of Tut'Ankhamūn

43 Pages·1970·3.482 MB·English

by  W. MacLeod

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TUT(ANKHAMUN'S TOMB SERIES
GeneralEditor: J.R. HARRIS
III
COMPOSITE BOWS
FROM THE TOMB OF
TUTANKHAMUN
BY
W.McLEOD
OXFORD
PRINTED FOR THE GRIFFITH INSTITUTE
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
BY VIVIAN RIDLER
1970
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
To the Committee of Management of the Griffith Institute for permission to use
Howard Carter's notes; to the staff and members of the Institute, particularly R. W.
Hamilton, Rosalind L. B. Moss, Helen V. Murray, and Barbara M. Sewell, for their
unstinting assistance to an absentee researcher; to Nora Scott, Associate Curator ofthe
Department of Egyptian Art in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, for identification of
Mace's handwriting, and for details about Burton's photographs; to J. F. Hughes, of
the Commonwealth Forestry Institute, Oxford, for communicating data from the
Institute's files; to Victor Girgis, First Curator of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, for
his hospitality to me on 3 January 1959; to Mohammad Hassan Abdul Rahman,
Director of the Egyptian Museum, for his many courtesies to Miss Turzynski during
her visits in 1966-7; to Eugene Robinson, of Napa, California, for sharing his notes and
photographs from Cairo; to Robert A. Elder of the Office of Anthropology of the
United States National Museum (Smithsonian Institution), John Lowry of the Indian
Section of the Victoria and Albert Museum, and R. H. Pinder-Wilson of the Depart
ment of Oriental Antiquities of the British Museum, for providing information about
objects in the collections oftheirrespective Museums; to J. J. Balatinecz,S. Dow, M. B.
Emeneau, C. S. Hanes, Winifred Needler, Lt.-Cdr. W. F. Paterson, and J. R.Wiggins,
for guidance in various matters; to the Office of Research Administration of the
University of Toronto for a grant to facilitate Miss Turzynski's researches and to
purchase photographs; to the editors of the American Journal of Archaeology, the
JournaloftheSociety ofArcher-Antiquaries, and Phoenix, for permissionto use material
which appeared originally in the pages of these journals.
D. B.Redfordpreparedthe translationofthe inscriptions, and an initial commentary
on them. B. Turzynski compared Carter's descriptions with the bows in Cairo, con
firmed some identifications, provided other new ones, and added many details of
decoration. At the request of the Editor-who here acknowledges his indebtedness
G. T. Martin collated asmuch aswas possible of the inscriptions, correcting a number
of readings, and making invaluable notes on the usurpation of the 'Bow of Honour'.
The elegant hieroglyphs of the Plates are the work of A. H. Lenman, whose sudden
death was a sad loss to future Egyptology. The final responsibility for the texts rests
with the Editor.
I
I The readings suggested by the original copies were Inscriptions6.2 [P!Jt 9,mirc4t], I1.2 [S3rr],13.2 [slim])
sometimessuspect, butcouldin most cases be checked: a theinscriptionisshownas itwas at the timeofdiscovery.
very few points remain in doubt. Wheregroups of signs, [Ed.]
initiallycertain,have now flaked away (as, for example, in
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Vlll
INTRODUCTION
Sources of Information
I
Decorative Motifs 2
Explanation of the Catalogue
4
CATALOGUE
Composite Bowsdescribed in Carter's Notes 7
Correlation with Museum Numbers 26
Composite Bowsnot described in Carter's Notes 27
MORPHOLOGICAL COMMENTARY
Comparative Material 29
Length
3°
Profile
31
Materials 31
Section 32
Functional Differentiation of the Parts of the Bow 33
Nocks
33
Strings 33
Decoration
34
HISTORICAL COMMENTARY
Summary 35
Place of Manufacture 36
Performance 37
NOTES TO THE PLATES 38
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
INTRODUCTION
Thetitles areabbreviated accordancewith the list inthe American
SOURCESOF INFORMATION
JournalofRr,'haeou,gy,69(1965),pp,acr-e.
IN hispreliminaryrepoftonthe first season'swork,HowardCarterdescribeshowthefindsfrom
Bonnet,rVaffen H.Bonnet,DieWaffenderVolkerdesaltenOrients,Leipzig, 1926. the tomb of'I'utcankhamunwere recorded.Asthe chamberwascleared,every objectwasassigned
CARTER-MACE H. Carter and A. C, Mace, The Tomb of Tut-anhh-Amen, 3vole. acataloguenumber,andphotographedinsituwith itsnumberattached.Itwasthentransportedto
London, 1923-33.(The isdifferentintheNewYorkedition.) the'workroom',inthetombofSethosII,whereitwasexamined:'measurements,completearchaeo
logicalnotes,andcopiesofinscriptionswereenteredonthefilingcards.Thenecessarymendingand
'963' preservativetreatmentfollowed, afterwhichitwastakenjustoutsidetheentrancefor scalephoto
JSA-A JournaloftheSocietyofArcher-Antiquaries, graphs to be made' (CARTER-MACE, I, P: 163).Despitethefrustrationsandanxieties ofthefirst
Lepsius, Denhmaeler C.R.Lepsius, Denhmaeleram Aegyptenund Aethiopien, ereo., seasons-thenever-endingstreamofvisitors,Carnarvon'sdeath,theimpatienceofthepress,friction
12vols.,Berlin 1849-59. with the government,Mace'sillness-Cartercontinuedtodisplaythesamemeticulousconcernfor
LUCAS~HARRlS A.Lucas, AncientEgyptian Materials andIndustries,4thedn., revised detail throughoutthe decade he worked at the tomb, He intendedeventuallyto presentafinal
andenlargedbyJ,R,Harris,London, '96z,
scientificpublication,with afull descriptionofits contents;butthisprojectwascut shortbyhis
PORTER-Moss= B.Porter andR,L.B.Moss, Topographical Bibliography of Ancient
death on 2 March 1939,Subsequentlyhis recordsofthe work, includingthe indexcards, were
EgyptianHieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs,andPaintings,7vols.,Oxford, 1927-51;and
edn., with theassistanceofE.\V.Burney, Oxford, 1960andfollowing. depositedintheGriffithInstitute,AshmoleanMuseum,Oxford.
Toutankhamon C. Deerochee-Noblccourt, Vieetmortd'un pharaon: Toutankhamon, Whenthe contentsofthetombreachedthe EgyptianMuseumin Cairo, theywere registered
Paris, 1963[tr. Tutankhamen: Life and Deathof aPharaoh, London-NewYork, undernewinventorynumbersintheJournald'EntreeduMusee, togetherwith briefdescriptions.
1963). Eachobjectalsoreceivedan'Exhibitionnumber',which iswrittenonlabelsinthedisplaycasesand
Treasure= P.Fox, Tutankhamun's Treasure,London,1951. isused inguidebooks, Thereisno listcorrelatingCarter'sObjectnumberswith the Museum's
Urk. IV Urkunden des agyptiscben Altertums, Abt. IV: Urkunden der I8, Dynastie, Journald'Entreenumbersand Exhibitionnumbers,
Heft 1-16(ed. K, Sethe), Leipzig 1906-<), 1930:Heft 17-zZ(ed.H. W, Helck), Amongthe lesspublicizeditemsfromthetreasurearethecompositebows,Onlytenothersuch
Berlin,1955-8,Uberseteung,Heft1-4(KSethe),Leipzig,1914;Heft17-zz(HW, instrumentshavesurvivedfromancientEgypt,mostofthemfragmentaryordsmaged.Carterfound
Helck),Berlin,1961, atleasttwenty-nineinthetomb,allvirtuallycompleteand relativelywellpreserved.Theyarenow
~Vb.=A.ErmanandH.Grapow, WorterbuchderaegyptischenSprache,7vols.,Leipzig inCairo)seventeenonexhibition,theremainderinstorage.
Berlin 1926-63, with Belegstellentovols.I~V. Carter'snotesonthecompositebowsfillfifty-fourindexcards,8X5in.:thesefallintotwogroups:
Wolf,Bewaffnung= W,Wolf,DieBe-dJaffnungdesaltagyptischenHeeres,Leipzig,1926. I,Forty-onecardsdescribingthethirteenbowsfoundintheAntechamberoftheTomb,theroom
Wreszinski, Atlas \'1. Wreszinski, Atlas suraltaegyptiscltenKulturgeschichte, 3vols., fromwhichtheotherchambersopen;itwasclearedinthefirstseason, 1922/3.Thewrittendescrip
Leipzig, 1923~40' tions, with accompanyingsketches(mostly to scale), were done by A, C. Mace. Followingeach
descriptionisabriefnote byA.Lucas,'onthe preservativetreatmentemployed'(CARTER-MACE,I,
Seealsobelow,pp,4-5, P·164),
2, Thirteencardsdescribingthe sixteenbows found in the Annexeor Store-room,the room
heapedhigh with disorderlymiscellanea,openingwest offtheAntechamber;clearingbegan here
inthesixthseason, I92i/8.Thedescriptions,whicharelessdetailedandhavefewerdrawingsthan
the earliergroup,weredone byCarterhimself.
Therearealsotenphotographsofthe bows,takenbyHarryBurtonatThebesduringthe course
of the excavations. They provideconsiderableinformationaboutdimensionsand decoration,and
maybecheckedagainstthedescriptions,asmostofthebowsphotographedwerelabelled,Burton's
negativesareatthe MetropolitanMuseumofArt, NewYork,with someduplicatesatthe Griffith
Institute,Oxford.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
DECORATIVEMOTIFS 27,28;of.staff(Obj. no.50xx):c''-RTER-MACE,I,pl.7Ia;ceremonialbaton(Obj.no.227a):ibid.,
Mostofthebowsaredecoratedinzonesoffine ornaturalisticpatternsrincolouredbark lI, pi.8b;bow-case(Obj. no.335): ibid., Ill, pi.2gb;fanstock(Obj. no. 600): ibid., Ill, pl.43c.
or inlay. Certain motifs are recurrent. In they are familiar from Egyptianart, bothin (g,)Thesame reversed, with pointstowardstip. Bows2, 5-9.
funerarypaintings(seeespeciallyP.Fortova··:;amltlo,drandM.Vilimkova, Ornament),and (h,)Petal garland,festooned: two species [c. 0'006broad];asgr,butwith asmallerlight triangle
inotherpaintedorinlaidobjectsfrom thetomb.Inthecatalogue,themotifs code- rising, point downward,from the lowerangleofthe chevron. Bow9.
letters. Motifsa-j are onthe bark-covercdbows; p-wonthe gold-covered of
(h,)Thesame reversed, with pointsrewardstip. Bow9.
Honour'(4).
(i)Petalgarland,festooned: includinglotus[c.0'006broad];ashr,butwithasmalldark
(a)Lozengechain[c.0'002 broad];'arowoftangentdiamonds,lightondark. Bows1,2,5-9,15,
_,.._J./ squareoverlyingthe baseofthe triangle. Bow9.
16,27,28,cf.child'schair(Obj. no.39): C.'-RTER-MACE,I,pl 59, staff(Obj. no.50xx): ibid., I,
~I~ pi.7Ia,stick(Ob). no. 100b):ibid., I,pi.7Ib; caremomalbaton(Obj. no.227a):ibid., II,pl.8b; (j) Runningspiral. Bow2; for this type ofmotif, see Eg. Ornament, nos. 143-{);cf. ceremonial
:ar/;','ttdex--.I.- (bbow)F-coauser-s(Otrba)n.dntow.rs3t3[5c):.0i'0bi0d4.,/0I'0II0,5pblsr.o2a8db],:l2a9tati,ceb-.work,lightondark,composedofdiagonalstrips (bpa)toRnu(nOnbinj.gnsop.ir2al27[ca.)0:'0C2A0RbTrEoRa-dM]A:CgEo,ldII,filpigi.re8ebp.attern,with runningspirals onablackground,
)p.eo..ch--~ crIossingeach otherat rightangles; atthe margin,the stripsarejoined,toform four overlapping flankedoneachsidebythree bandaofsimulatedbraidorrope, ofwhichthe centraloneisbroadest.
zigzaglmes.Bows1,7,9,15,16,28;cf.staff(Obj,no.50xx): CARTER-MACE,I,pi.7Ia;ceremonial Thisisthe borderelementofalldecoratedzonesofBow4.
baton(Obj. no.227a):ibid.,II, pi. 8b. (q)Superimposedchevrons[c. 0'004broad], ofvaryingcolours;the usual sequenceisdark blue,
t-e.r-Ilfl (bz)Six-strandtwist[c.0'007broad];similar, butwider. Bow27. hghtblue,darkblue,fibrouscalcite(1).Cf.Eg.Ornament,no.50;alsosecondstatechariot(Obj. no.
(b)Twist;similar,ofuncertainwidth.Bows6,8. 122): CARTER-MACE,II, pis. I7b,38;thirdcoffin(Obj. no.255): ibid., II, pls, 24,7';secondcoffin
(Obj.no.254):ibid.,II,pis.68,69; Toutankhamon,pi.55;pectoralcollars(Obj.nos.256z,256mmm,
(c)Rhombicchequerboard[c.0'006broad]; threerowsoflozenges, dark on light;the outertwo 256nnn): CARTER-MACE,II, pls.Soa,b,8Ib;'ecclesiastical'throne(Obj. no.351):ibid.,III,pl.33;
rows have smallerlight lozenges applied; the two bordersare formedby rows ofdark triangles. Toutankhamon, pi. 12; miniature canopic coffins (Obj. no. 266g): CARTER-MACE, III, pl. 54;
Bows1,9, 27,28;cf.ceremonialbaton(Obj. no. 227a):CARTER-MACE,II, pi.Sb. Toutankhamon,pl.34.
(d:)Chequerboard[c.0'006broad];fourrowsofrectangles,alternatelydarkandlight. Bows27,28;
(r) Band of Circles [c.0'004 broad]; gold inlaid with tiny circles of varying colours; the usual
forthistypeofmotif, seeEg.Ornament,nos.2-10;cf.paintedbox(Obj.no.21):CARTER-MACE,I, sequenceisdark blue, light blue, dark blue, fibrous calcite(1).Cf.Eg.Ornament,nos. 124-5.
pls. 50, 5',52, 53, 54; ibid., II, pl. 3; stick(Obj. no. 100b):ibid., I, pi.7Ib; unguentvase(Obj.
(s)Gui1lo~he[c.0'005 broad];the sigmateelementsarealternatelydarkblue andlight blue glass;
no. 579): ibid., III,pl.48.
the.ovalsmthecentr~,and the trianglesatthe margin,areofgold. Cf. Eg.Ornament,no. 137(a
(e)Quadruplerunningchevron[c.0'006 broad];four zigzags,lightincolour, separatedbynarrow
dark lines;atthe margin,arowoflighttriangles. Bows1,6, 9,15,27;forthis type ofmotif, see vanetyofrunmngspiral): alsoaxleofstate chariot(Obj. no. 120a):CARTER-MACE, II, pl. 39b,
bottom.
Eg.Ornament,nos. 18-21;of.staff(Obj. no. 50xx): C.'-RTER-MACE,I,pl.7Ia.
(lr)Simplepetalgarland[c.0'006broad];onadarkground,pendantfromthedistalmargin,narrow (t)Lozengechain [c.0'003broad];goldlozenges;separatedbymarginaltrianglesofdarkblueglass.
lighttriangles,pointstowardsthe grip. Bows1,6, 7, 8; forthis type ofmotif, seeEg.Ornament, (u,) Stylizedbuds[c.0'008 broad];inthe centre,arowofsmallcircles, alternatelydark blue and
nos. 224-7; for examplesof varioustwype;s of petal garlands, see Obj. no. 40: CARTER-MACE, I, light blueglass; onthe distal side ofeach circle isatriangleofgold, point towardstip; on the
pI.56,andObj. no.577: ibid., III,pl. Obj. no.39:ibid.,I,pi.59,andObj. no.35 ibid., m, proximalSide,athin barofgold.Betweenthegoldbarsarepentagonsoffibrouscalcite(1):between
pl. 33; Obj. no. 578: ibid.,III,pls.4',74;Obj, no.420: ibid., III,pi 49a; Obj. no.21'1::ibid., n, the goldtrianglesarecirclesoffibrous calcite(1).
pIs.50,51,andObj.no.578:ibid.,III,pi.4';Obj.no.579:ibid., nr, pi.48;Obj.no.520:ibid.,III, (u.)Similar;the circlesbetweenthe goldtrianglesareoflight blueglass.
pl. 79a. (v,)Palmettesandbuds,alternating[c.0'012broad];stalkofpalmette,gold;sevenleaves:darkblue,
(I,) Thesame reversed,with points towardstip. Bow8. darkblue,lightblue, darkblue,light blue,darkblue, darkblue;from centreofouterleaf,pendant
(gr)Petal garland,festooned [c. 0'006broad;c.0'012in27,28];light on dark, narrowtriangles, goldcurl. Incentreofbud, circleoflightblue [actuallygreen;quitedifferentfrom thelight blueof
pendantfrom the distal margin,points towardsgrip;the pointsofadjacenttrianglesarelinkedby the palmette];stem and triangulartop of bud, gold; onsides oftriangnlartop, twotiny ovalsof
light-colouredrunningchevrons; the angles ofthe chevronstouchthe lower anglesofthe light blue [actuallygreen].
triangles, and the lower of the are tangent to the margin; at about
(v,) Similar;the circleatthe centreofthe budiswhite stone.
mid-height,thetriangles byanarrowlighr-colourcd strip.Bows1,2,6-9,15,
(w)Beadnet[c.0'025 thearmsofthefretworkaredarkblueglass;attheintersectionsofthe
I Forthesignificationofsquarebrackets,seebelow,p.4(DimensionsandDescriptions). arms aretiny roundbeads gold. Thelozengesand(atthe edges)the trianglesbetweenthe arms
4 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 5
are offibrous gypsum(?)[outitlookslikewhat iscalled 'fibrouscalcite(?),above]. Forthistype Exhib.no. Exhibitionnumber;Guidenumber;numberinDescriptionsommairedesprincipau»monuments!
ofmotif, seeEg.Ornament, nos. 98-100;alsoebonyfan(Obj. no. 245): CARTER-MACE, II, GI GArBifrfiitehfIDnesstcitruipteti,oOnxoffotrhdePrincipalMonuments '
p!.63a; reedcase(Obj. no. 271 Tcutonhhamon,p!.41>,top. G.T.lVI. G.T. Martin
Motifsa-jareseparatedfrom eachother, andfromundecoratedportionsofthebow,bytwo or J.E. Joumold'EntreedultfuseeduCaire
threethinlight strips. L.(pr.) Length(preserved)
lVIMA MetropolitanMuseumofArt,NewYork
neg. negative(pbotographic)
EXPLANATION OFTHE CATALOGUE Obj.no. ObjectnumberassignedbyCarter 'catalogue number', CARTER-1V!ACE, J, p. 128;
'registrationnumber', ibid., J,p.
See alsoabove, p.viii.
isthe orgrooveat
bowawayfromthearcherwhenheshoots:ina suchasthoseinthepresentcatalogue,
thebackisthe concavesidewhenthe bowisunstrung.The'face'or'belly'isthe sidetowardstbe
archerwhenheshoots.
THEORDEROFTHECATALOGUEfollowsthe orderofthe Objectnumbers.
DIMENSIONS.AUmeasurementsareinmetres.LengthstranscribedfromtheJournald'Entreeare
so labelled; other unbracketedmeasurementsarceither specified inMace'sorCarter'snotes, or
measuredfromascaledsection. Measurementsenclosed within squarebracketsmust beregarded
asapproximations;mostofthemareestimatedfromsketchesorphotographs,afewarecalculated
fromotherdata inthenotes.Whenthe dimensionsofacross-sectionaregiven, thewidth(sideto
side) precedesthethickness(backtoface).
DESCRIPTIONS are basedprimarilyon the notes of Mace and Carter, though these have been
edited,emended,andrearranged.'FurtherdetailshavebeenaddedfromBurton'sphotographswith
outcomment.Descriptivedata enclosedwithinsquarebracketshave been addedbyB.Turzynski,
frompersonalobservation ofthebowsinCairo.Thedecorationofeachbowisdescribedinzones,
beginningatthegripandworkingtowardsthetips; eachzoneofdecoration is likewise described
from griptowardsthetips.
INSCRIPTIONS. Thetranslations ofthe hieroglyphicinscriptions} andsome notes onthe texts,
have beencontributedbyD.B.Redford.Fourteenofthe bowsbearinscriptionsonpanelsontbe
face ofthestave. Thesealwaysdiffer inthetwo limbs.
ABBREVIATIONS
B.T. B.Turzynski
C:M Cairo,Egyptian1VIuseum
Ed. Editor
est. estimated
CATALOGUE
Bow NfA"1 :
COMPOSITE Bows DESCRIBED IN CARTER'S NOTES
cD
1. Double composite angular bow. Obj. no. 48f; J.E. 61545; Exhib. no. 520(identification by CM,
in J.E. and PORTER-Moss, I. ii2, p. 581). Mentioned: McLeod, AJA, 66 (1962), p. 18, n. 38.
Photographs:wholebow,from side,PlateIII;grip and lowerarm, from face,Plate IV;tip, from side,
Plate v. Description by Mace (two cards). 'Treated with melted paraffin wax'(Lucas). On display,
CM, Room 30, case75, no. 5.
The Object number 48 is assigned to agroup ofstaves and bowslaid casually on a bed ofebony
and wovencord (Obj. no. 47) which stood on alion-headed couch(Obj. no. 35) atthe north end of
the west wall of the Antechamber; this group of objects ismentioned, CARTER-MACE, I, p. 113;
Treasure, p. 18; pictures insitu,CARTER-MACE, I,pis. 16,17. Photographs: insitu,Plate I; on bed,
Plate II. Discovered in the first season(192213).
~h When found, this bow was entirely enveloped in a strip of linen about 0'II wide, which was
\e./l.'
Lw;Lra.p,ped around it. J.",,,le.. ...~s
1'12 (Mace); 1'10 (I.E.). Grip ovalin section. [c. 0·02XO·OI5]. The grip [for 0'23] is single;
butfrom this point out to the tips, each arm is double, terminating in two independent necks, side
by side. Structure concealed by bark covering.
(i) Grip [0'08], plain light [yellowish-brown] bark.
(ii) Lower arm [0'07/0'08], decorated zone with motifs (in one arm) a-c- e- a-gl -a-e-a
c- a;(in other arm) the same, but with the first motif repeated(a- a-c- e- etc.), Colours: light
on dark [gold, black, dark red].
(iii)Most ofeach pair ofarms [°'31/0'32], plain light [yellowish-brown] bark; onthe faceofeach
pair ofarms, adark rectangularpanel, 0'145long [beginning about 0'045 from the end ofzone
In each panel, a hieroglyphic inscription in light bark, reading from tip towards grip; each pair of
arms bears the same text, but in mirror-image, facing the mid line.
Inscription I. I (Plate XVI)
•Thegoodgod,son of Amun, whom thekingof thegodscreated, kingof Upper andLowerEgypt,
lordofthe TwoLands,masterofthecultus, Nebkheprurec,givenlifeeternally(or,mayhebegiven
lifeeternally).'
Inscription I. 2 (Plate IV; Plate XVI)
•Thegoodgod,strongofbow, possessedofmight,vigorousindrawingit,sonofRer,lordofdiadems,
I
Tutcanhhaten, likeRer.'2
I Singular(?), the plural strokes perhaps derived from construction finds some such verb as rn1;, W3!,t, or dl rl11;
V!>.,'battalion'.Thephrasen1;tpdtrecursinInscriptions beforemirr;e.g. Wb. II. 37. 5, andInscriptions4.4, 10.2,
5c.lll1l!,:1f0.2,13·2, IS. I, 19. r; and- cf. Urk. IV. 2058. 23, II. 1. The phrasemi rcwithout precedingverb recurs in
2059. 4. See also note on Inscription2. 4 below. Inscriptions6.2, 8. 1,9.2,12.2jand cf. Urk. IV. 2059.20.
• Has someverb beenomitted beforemi rttTheusual See also note onInscription 19. 2 below.
8 CATALOGUE CATALOGUE 9
(iv)Upperann [O'lOJ,decoratedzonewithmotifs(inone ofeachpair ofarms) a-hI-a-e- (i)Gripandlowerarms[°'54°])plainmediumbark[lightbrownasin6and8];onthefaceofeach
h,-a -a -a h,-a- -a-gI-h,-a;(inthe annofeach pair) the same, but with arm, arectangularpanel ofdark bark,o-IISlong o·I2fromthecentreofthe
an -hI-a-e-a-hI-etc.). Colours: ondark. This and] e-xtendingto 0'035 from the end ofthis In panel, a hieroglyphic inscription
zoneboundedonthe side tips sixthinlightstrips aroundthestaves. mediumbark, reading fromtip towards grip, withasmasymbol below.
...
~ble.
8'J'/fIf [0'06/0'05J,plaindarkbark; theknobbeyondtheneckiscoveredwithplainlightbark.'
.;S e, xv. Inscription2. I(PlateXVi)
((I/O./" Thedouble-tippedbowisararity.AfragmentinNewYork(AJA,66['962J,pp.17-18,nO.4)may 'Thegoodgod,strongofarm, lardofthe Two Lands,Nebkhepruriir.'
.",..'p, t'tQl)~ tboerferocomgnaizseimthilearmwaesa'ppoenlle;titbsocwosre',awtitthheagpriapirofstringuspsoufptpwoortingapoOckneet'sfofirrsttheinbsutilnlectt.wBouutlsdubche Inscription2. 2(PlateXVI)
tli-h,.lt15~..s weaponsusuallyhaveprovisionforthestonetopassforwardwithoutstrikingthecentreofthebowor 'SonofRilr, hisbeloced,lordofdiadems, crusheroftheNineBows, Tutrankhomim-:-:
(JT . . ...thebowhand:sometimesthegrip-isoffset-butthisisnotso.intheEgyptianbows.l\olorecommonly
thebowstaveisturnedsidewaysbeforeshooting-apracticewhichwouldnotbepossiblewithdouble (ii}Midarm[0'04/0'03J,decoratedinscribedzone; -aJ;colours:verylightonmedium
tips. Theobjectionstothisinterpretationseemdecisive. Moderncompositebows(from Indiaand bark [red, gold,light onblack].In the centre, dark 0'02wide, bearing circurnferenthiero-
elsewhere)with doubletipsareapparentlysodesignedtocompensate forthepoorlateralstability glyphic inscriptioninmediumbark; the top ofthe inscriptionistoward the tips. [Then motifs
ofthebows,andtopreventthestavesfromtwisting. Butinthemitisonlytheextremityofthelimb a-g,.J
whichisdoubled.ZThepurposeofthelongdoublelimbsoftheTutcankhamdnbowremainsobscure. Inscription2.3(PlateXVI)
'Thegoodgod,lordofthe TwoLands,master ofthecultus,strongofarm,Nebkhepruri«,'
2.Composite angular bow.Obj.no.48g(I);J.E.6'524;Exhib.no.523(identification confirmed
byB.T.onthebasisofthe inscriptions).DescriptionbyMace(threecards).'Sprayedwithcelluloid Inscription2.4(PlateXVI)
in amylacetate; treatedwithmeltedparaffinwax' (Lucas). Ondisplay,CM, Room 30,case'09, 'Thegoodgod, vigorous with the how(or,the valiant,strong ofhOW)l,lord of the Two Lantis,
thirdfromtop. Nehkhepruriir.'
Provenience, asfor 1.Thisbowwasfound with3,thetwobeingboundtogetherbyastrip of (iii)Upperarm [0'290],plainmediumbark.
linenabout 0'07wide,whichwaswrapped round andround, andtied looselyattheends.
(iv)Neartip [0'025],decorated zone[withmotifsa-j-aJ;colours: lightonmedium bark[gold
L., 1'315(Mace'snotesandsketch); 1'125(J.E.;probablyanerrorfor 1'315,whichiswrongly andlightonblack].
ascribedtotheprecedingentry inJ.E.,thetwolengths beinginterchanged).Grip almostroundin
section,0'024X0-023;upperarm, 0-017X0-013.Structurealmosttotallyconcealedbybarkcover (v)Tip [0'05/0'06J,plaindarkbark;theknobbeyondtheneckiscoveredwithmedium[i.e.light]
ing.InatentativesketchMaceindicatedtbathecoulddistinguishfacingandbackingstripsaswell bark. Nock: Platexv.
asonesidestrip appliedtothecore; hedidnotindicatethematerial.
I Macethusdescribesonepairofarms;fortheotherhe quaryCharles Franks;earsdoublefor0'09);Victoriaand
saareysth'pelasianmlei.ghtbark',B.T.statesthatbothpairsoftips A50lbmeritleMsunsoerutmh-,eAascte.onfo.A3h4m8a7d(afrboamd;Asbtrminagdniangtaacr,t;abeoarust 3. Composite angular bow.Obj. no.48g(Z); J.E.6'5Z0; Exhib, no. 3"3(identification byCM,
double[010'075);SmithsonianInstitution,Cat.no.2-72,,897 PORTER·Moss, 1. ii-, p. 58T)Description by Mace (two cards). 'Sprayed with celluloid in amyl
(fromPersia;earsdoublefor0'07atonetip, 0'085 at the acetate; treatedwithmelted paraffinwax'(Lucas). In storage, CM, Tut.Magazine, boxM.
other;describedby H. S. Hamlin, 'The Persian Bow',
Archery,NFAA,May,1(48);SmithsonianInstitution,Cat. Provenience,asfor2.
no. 349,825 (Tatar, from North eatsdoublefor L., 1'26(Mace; J.E.). Section elliptical, with face flattened; grip, O'OZ5XO'oI8;upper arm,
0'054).Theexplanationwas Lt.vCdr.W,F. 0'015X0'009; collarbelowneck,0'015X0'016. Structureconcealedbybarkcovering.
Paterson,Necosletterofthe
15 1967), p.2,no. 14.Iam (i)Gripandlowerarms[0'57J,plainlightbark; onthefaceofeacharm,arectangulardarkpanel,
the of Lt.-Cdr. Paterson
note. toR.H. 0'18long[beginningabouto·14fromthecentreofthegripandJextendingtoo-cr fromtheendof
thiszone. In eachpanel, ahieroglyphic inscriptionin light bark, reading from tip towards grip,
andframedbysymbols formyriadsofyears.
themorelikelyinthatthephrasenotprjtoccurs
senteither L2, 5- 10. rg,2,15. r,19. I,anda
with~11anindependentepithet, combination,lp; Inscription6.L [Ed.]
ceess c
~4\J -1;Ut. "" ~It't ~1,'~ b ~ h~.s fib1I1'.siP
, J lI\ II
1oV\I/~J I ~hro~h C.4AJ..",,!
1'"'0 LN1oVQ... «rc«
10 CATALOGUE CATALOGUE 11
Inscription3. I(PlateXVI) Inscription4. ,(PlateXVII)
11,,,goodg(,d,apjo"a:r:1:ginthewhitecrowa,hadofthesunlightwhichbrightens(?)theface(literally 'Kingof UpperandLower Egypt, lordofthe Two Lands, possessedofmight, Nebkheprurer."
Aten, UpperandLower"Egypt,lordofthe Two master
ofthecultus,strong Inscription4.2(PlateXVII)
'SonofRifr,ofhisbody,hisbeloved,' Nebkheprurer."
Inscription3.2(PlateXV!)
(iii)Adjoininggrip [0'03], plainsheetgold.
'Thegoodgod,loudofbattle-cry,possessedofpouer, thesonofNut,' ofRec,ofhisbody,
(iv)Lowerarm [0'08], decoratedzonewith motifsp-q-s-q- -q-s-p.
Irisbeloced,lord Tutrankhamlln-ruier-of-Southern-He!iopolis.'
(v)Lowerarm [0'03J,plain sheet gold.
(ii) Midarm decorated inscribedzone;bandofdark bark, outlinedoneachsidebyfive
linesoflight Cartouchesinlightbark, onface,Nebkhepruric,onback, Tutrankhamiin,flanked (vi)Lowerarm [0'075J,decoratedzonewithmotifsp-s-Ie-s-p.
(vii)Midarm[0'03], plainsheetgold.
(iii)Upperarm [0'21/0'22J,plain light bark. (viii)Midarm [0·08J,decoratedzone with motifsp-q-s-q-VI -q-s-q-p.
(iv) Neartip [0'07J,decoratedinscribedzone;patternsoflightbark ondark(detailsofmotifsnot (ix)Midarm [0'03], plainsheetgold.
available); inthe centre, acircumferentband,0'012 wide, bearing the cartouches, Nebkheprurer (x)Upperarm [0'075J,decorated zone with motifsp-r-s-r-V,-r-S-p.
Tutrankhamiin.
(xi)Upperarm [0'03], plainsheet gold.
(v) Tip [0'06J, plain dark bark; the knob beyondthe noek iscoveredwith lightbark. Nock:
Platexv. Ucl1o~(sxetisi-)-qUu-,psp--etrp-as[ir-nmpol.n[e(0I'nIaIr/tmOhe;"2ilna]t,ttehdreeacoromthraettrheedarimznonnteehremwtohistitrhdedmlgaoesttiofmsftohptiisf-zsiso-notem-hiUtatzde-dbu,r,oso-kettnh-aastn-dthpec-ossmeq-euqleo-noctse e
4. Compositeangular'BowofHonour',coveredwithsheetgold. Obj. no.48h;J.E.6'5'7;Exhib. inantiquity;ithad been houndroundwith athinslip ofpapyrus.)
no. 120(identificationbyCM,J.E.).Mentioned:CARTER-MACE,r,p.II3;II,p. 'S; Treasure,p.18. (xiii)Neartip [0'02], plainsheetgold.
Photographs:whole bow,fromside, PlateIII;gripand lower annfromface, PlateIV; fromback,
PlateVI;tip,fromside,Platesv,VII.DescriptionbyMace(sevencards).'Cleanedwithdampbrush; I The inept disposition of the
sprayedwith celluloidinamyl acetate'(Lucas).Ondisplay,CM, Room 30,case75,no. 4.
photograph (Plate
Provenience, asfor1.Whenfound, thisbowwascoveredwithalinenbandageabout0-09wide; gestedthatthese
itsendwascarrieddownthe bowabout0'20, andthenwrappedroundand round,andtiedatthe thereforecarefully
abletohandleth~
otherend inagrannyknot.
the
L., !'3+(Mace); !'33(emendedfrom J.E., which gives 0"33). Sectionat grip almost round, cartouches
0'01.7X0-025; in mid arm,elliptical, 0'°32X0'02; upper arm,0-017X0'01I;collar below nock, firmed,
0'02X0'03. Detailsofconstructionareconcealedbygoldsheetingandfinefiligreegold-workinlaid aInbltahcek
with colouredstonesandglass. Thehowisnot completelycoveredwithgoldsheetinginasingle witha
piece; rather,eachplainbandiscomposedofasinglepieceofgold;thedecorativebandsoverlapit
ateach edgefor awidthof0'004'
(i)Centreofgrip [0'03J, plainsheetgold.
(ii)Outeredge ofgrip [0'03J, inscribedzone; bandofablack gummysubstance,onwhichgold
patternandhieroglyphswerestuck.Ateachedgeoftheband,aguillocheborder; inthecentre,a
circumfercnthieroglyphic inscription, itstoptowardthetips.
cf.13.M.stelano. 826
Hieroglyphic
intheBritish VIn
from bt./; cf