Composite Based EHV AC Overhead Transmission Lines

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Composite Based EHV AC Overhead Transmission Lines
Sørensen, Thomas Kjærsgaard
Publication date:
2010
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Citation (APA):
Sørensen, T. K. (2010). Composite Based EHV AC Overhead Transmission Lines. Technical University of
Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering.

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Thomas Kjærsgaard Sørensen
Composite Based EHV AC
Overhead Transmission Lines
PhD Thesis, January 2010

Thomas Kjærsgaard Sørensen
Composite Based EHV AC
Overhead Transmission Lines
PhD Thesis, January 2010
Composite Based EHV AC Overhead Transmission Lines,
This report was prepared by
Thomas Kjærsgaard Sørensen
Supervisors
Associate Professor, Joachim Holbøll, Technical University of Denmark
Chief Project Manager, Søren Damsgaard Mikkelsen, Energinet.dk
Department of Electrical Engineering
Centre for Electric Technology (CET)
Technical University of Denmark
Elektrovej building 325
DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
Denmark
www.elektro.dtu.dk/cet
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Release date: January 2010
Category: 1 (public)
Edition: First
Comments: This report is part of the requirements to achieve the PhD
inElectricalEngineeringattheTechnicalUniversityofDen-
mark.
Rights: (cid:13)c Thomas Kjærsgaard Sørensen, 2010
Preface
The present PhD Thesis is submitted as a part of achieving the PhD degree at the depart-
ment of Electrical Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark. The PhD project
have been carried out in the period from January 2006 to December 2009. The PhD
projecthasbeenfullyfinancedbytheDanishTransmissionSystemOperatorEnerginet.dk.
I would to thank my supervisors Dr. Joachim Holbøll and Dr. Søren D. Mikkelsen for
their involvement in the PhD project. A thanks also goes to Aksel G. Sørensen, who
served as supervisor the first two years of the project, and to Gunnar Kyed, both for their
continuedinterestintheproject. FurthermoreIwouldalsoliketoexpressmyappreciation
to all my colleagues at Energinet.dk and at CET/EES/ELC, DTU Electrical Engineering
who have helped and contributed with good spirit throughout the project.
During the project several participants from the industry have also contributed to the
project. A great thanks goes to the participants in the international monitoring group.
A special thanks goes to Svenska Kraftn¨at and STRI, especially Dr. Jan Lundquist, for
allowing me to do my research stay in one of the world’s largest high voltage hot spots.
Finally, many thanks to my family for their support throughout the PhD project and for
their continued faith in me and a loving thanks to my girlfriend for being the person she
is and for her support.
Kgs. Lyngby, January 2010
Thomas K. Sørensen

Summary
Overhead lines at transmission level are the backbone of any national power grid today.
New overhead line projects however are at the same time subject to ever greater public
resistance due to the lines environmental impact. As full undergrounding of transmission
lines at extra high voltage (EHV) levels are still not seen as possibility, the future ex-
pansion of transmission grids are dependent on new solutions with lessened environment
impact, especially with regard to the visual impact.
In the present Thesis, composite materials and composite based overhead line compo-
nents are presented and analysed with regard to the possibilities, limitations and risks
widespread application of composite materials on EHV AC overhead transmission lines
may present.
Toformthebasisforevaluationoftheuseabilityofcompositematerials, differentoverhead
lineprojectsaimedatreducingtheenvironmentalimpactareanalysedwithregardtotheir
visual impact reducing design steps. These are used to form the basis for overhead line
system design ideas, which are analysed with regard to application of composite materials
and components.
Composite materials and components, when applied in EHV systems, are exposed to
electrical, mechanical, thermal and environmental ageing mechanisms. Experiences and
tests examining the effect of the ageing mechanisms are reviewed and discussed in the
Thesis.
Standards and guidelines for dimensioning of overhead line systems are presented and
compositebasedhighvoltagecomponentsareexaminedwithrespecttocurrentloadability
and required dimensions due to voltages and mechanical loads.
The Thesis is concluded with a discussion on composite materials’ influence on electrical
line parameters when introduced into EHV overhead lines. Furthermore general conclu-
sions on the possibilities, limitations and risks of application of composite materials and
composite components are outlined.
The main conclusions of the Thesis are; that composite materials based components are
today available for the EHV range on a commercial basis with some limitations on tow-
ers and post insulators, that the use of composite materials alone only introduces small
impacts with regard to improving the environmental impact of overhead lines; and that
composite based components offer several advantages compared to components conven-
tionally applied in overhead line systems.
Dansk Resum´e (Danish Summary)
Luftledninger p˚a transmissionsniveau er rygraden i et hvert nationalt el-transmissionsnet
nu til dag. Samtidig er nye luftledningsprojekter dog emne for stadig stigende offentlig
modstand p˚a grund af luftledningernes miljøbelastning. Da fuld kabellægning af trans-
missionslinjer p˚a EHV (extra high voltage) niveau stadig ikke anses for at være muligt,
er fremtidig udbygning af transmissionsnet afhængige af nye løsninger med mindskede
miljøbelastninger, specielt med henblik p˚a de visuelle belastninger.
I den forh˚andenværende afhandling præsenteres kompositmaterialer og kompositbaserede
luftledningskomponenter med hensyn til de muligheder, begrænsninger og risici udbredt
anvendelse af komposit materialer i EHV AC luftningssystemer m˚atte udgøre.
Til at danne basis for evaluering af anvendeligheden af kompositmaterialer, analyseres
forskellige luftledningsprojekter rettet mod at reducere deres miljøbelastning med hensyn
til de træk, der reducerer den visuelle belastning. Trækkene anvendes til at danne basis
for luftledningsdesign, som analyseres med hensyn til anvendelse af kompositmaterialer
og kompositbaserede luftledningskomponenter.
Kompositmaterialer og kompositbaserede komponenter er udsat for elektriske, mekaniske,
termiske og miljømæssige ældningsmekanismer, n˚ar de anvendes i EHV luftledningssyste-
mer. Erfaringer og test, der undersøger effekterne af ældningsmekanismerne, granskes og
diskuteres i afhandlingen.
Standarder og vejledninger for dimensionering af luftledningssystemer præsenteres og
kompositbaserede højspændingsprodukter undersøges med hensyn til deres strøm-belast-
barhed og dimensioner, der er nødvendige p˚a grund af systemspændingen og mekaniske
laster.
Afhandlingenafrundesmedendiskussionafkompositmaterialersindvirkningp˚aelektriske
linjeparametre ved introduktionen i EHV luftledningslinjer. Yderligere anføres generelle
konklusioner vedrørende de muligheder, begrænsninger og risici anvendelse af komposit-
materialer og kompositbaserede komponenter udgør.