Complete Works of John Locke PDF
Preview Complete Works of John Locke
The Complete Works of JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704) Contents The Books AN ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING A LETTER CONCERNING TOLERATION, 1689 A SECOND LETTER CONCERNING TOLERATION A THIRD LETTER FOR TOLERATION A FOURTH LETTER FOR TOLERATION TWO TREATISES OF GOVERNMENT SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE LOWERING OF INTEREST AND THE RAISING OF THE VALUE OF MONEY FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERING RAISING THE VALUE OF MONEY SHORT OBSERVATIONS ON A PRINTED PAPER, ENTITLED FOR ENCOURAGING THE COINAGE OF SILVER MONEY IN ENGLAND, AND AFTER FOR KEEPING IT THERE SOME THOUGHTS CONCERNING EDUCATION THE REASONABLENESS OF CHRISTIANITY, AS DELIVERED IN THE SCRIPTURES A VINDICATION OF THE REASONABLENESS OF CHRISTIANITY A SECOND VINDICATION OF THE REASONABLENESS OF CHRISTIANITY A PARAPHRASE AND NOTES ON THE EPISTLES OF ST. PAUL TO THE GALATIANS, 1 AND 2 CORINTHIANS, ROMANS, EPHESIANS SOME THOUGHTS ON THE CONDUCT OF THE UNDERSTANDING MISCELLANEOUS WORKS The Letters MISCELLANEOUS LETTERS OF JOHN LOCKE The Poetry THE POEMS OF JOHN LOCKE The Biographies THE LIFE OF JOHN LOCKE by Pierre des Maizeaux JOHN LOCKE by Leslie Stephen The Delphi Classics Catalogue © Delphi Classics 2017 Version 1 The Complete Works of JOHN LOCKE By Delphi Classics, 2017 COPYRIGHT Complete Works of John Locke First published in the United Kingdom in 2017 by Delphi Classics. © Delphi Classics, 2017. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. ISBN: 978 1 78656 076 6 Delphi Classics is an imprint of Delphi Publishing Ltd Hastings, East Sussex United Kingdom www.delphiclassics.com Contact: [email protected] Other classic Non-Fiction eBooks available These comprehensive editions are beautifully illustrated, featuring rare works and offering eReaders some of the greatest non-fiction works ever written. Explore Non-Fiction at Delphi Classics The Books Wrington, Somerset, approximately twelve miles from Bristol – Locke’s birthplace John Locke was born on 29 August 1632, in a small thatched cottage by the church in Wrington. AN ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING THE SECOND EDITION TEXT This important essay analyses the foundation of human knowledge and understanding. First appearing in 1689, the text describes the mind at birth as a blank slate, filled later through experience. Divided into four books, the essay was one of the principal sources of empiricism in modern philosophy, influencing many enlightenment philosophers, such as David Hume and George Berkeley. The first book refutes the rationalist notion of innate ideas. Locke allows that some ideas are in the mind from an early age, but argues that such ideas are furnished by the senses starting in the womb: for instance, differences between colours or tastes. If we have a universal understanding of a concept like sweetness, it is not because this is an innate idea, but because we are all exposed to sweet tastes at an early age. One of Locke’s fundamental arguments against innate ideas is the very fact that there is no truth to which all people attest. Book II sets out Locke’s theory of ideas, including his distinction between passively acquired simple ideas, such as “red,” “sweet,” “round,” etc., and actively built complex ideas, such as numbers, causes and effects, abstract ideas, ideas of substances, identity and diversity. Locke also distinguishes between the truly existing primary qualities of bodies, like shape, motion and the arrangement of minute particles, and the secondary qualities that are “powers to produce various sensations in us” such as “red” and “sweet.” These secondary qualities, Locke claims, are dependent on the primary qualities. He also offers a theory of personal identity, offering a largely psychological criterion. The third book is concerned with language and the fourth and final book considers knowledge, including intuition, mathematics, moral philosophy, natural philosophy, faith and opinion. Many of Locke’s views were harshly criticised by rationalists and empiricists alike. In 1704 the rationalist Gottfried Leibniz wrote a response in the form of a chapter-by-chapter rebuttal, titled New Essays on Human Understanding. Leibniz was critical of a number of Locke’s views, including his rejection of innate ideas, his skepticism about species classification, and the possibility that matter might think, among other things. Leibniz thought that Locke’s
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