Complete Atlas of the World

434 Pages·2012·194.4 MB·english

by  coll.

COMPLETE
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LONDON, NEW YORK, MELBOURNE,
MUNICH AND DELHI
FOR THE SECOND EDITION
Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf
Art Director(cid:3)Philip Ormerod
Associate Publishing Director(cid:3)Liz Wheeler
Associate Publisher Andrew Macintyre
Senior Cartographic Editor Simon Mumford
Cartographers Encompass Graphics Ltd, Brighton, UK(cid:3)
Jacket Designer Silke Spingles
Production Controller Mandy Inness Production Editor Joanna Byrne
Cartographic Editors
Tony Chambers, John Dear, Ruth Hall, Andrew Johnson, Belinda Kane, Lynn Neal, Ann Stephenson
Cartographers
Paul Eames, Edward Merritt, John Plumer, Rob Stokes, Iorwerth Watkins
Digital Map Suppliers
Advanced Illustration, Congleton, UK • Cosmographics, Watford, UK
Encompass Graphics, Brighton, UK • Lovell Johns Ltd., Long Hanborough, UK
Netmaps, Barcelona, Spain
Digital Terrain Data
Digital terrain data and continental panoramic images created by Planetary Visions Ltd, Farnham, UK
Editor
Robert Dinwiddie
Designers
Nicola Liddiard, Yak El-Droubie
Picture Research
Louise Thomas, Jenny Baskaya
Indexing and Database
T-Kartor, Sweden
Francesca Albini, Eleanor Arkwright, Renata Dyntarova, Edward Heelas, Britta Hansesgaard
Systems Coordinator
Philip Rowles
Flags courtesy of The Flag Institue, Cheshire, UK
First American Edition, 2007
This revised edition 2012
Published in the United States by DK Publishing, 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014
12 13 14 15 16 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
175654–May 2012
Reprinted with revisions 2009, Second edition 2012
Copyright © 2007, 2009, 2012 Dorling Kindersley Limited. All rights reserved.
Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced
into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,
or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN: 978-0-7566-8972-8
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For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 or [email protected]
Color reproduction by MDP Ltd, Wiltshire, UK
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Introduction
The World at the beginning of the 21st Century would be a place of unimaginable change to our
forefathers. Since 1900 the human population has undergone a fourfold growth coupled with an
unparalleled development in the technology at our disposal. The last vestiges of the unknown
World are gone, and previously hostile realms claimed for habitation. The advent of aviation
technology and the growth of mass tourism have allowed people to travel further and more
frequently than ever before
Allied to this, the rapid growth of global communication systems mean that World events have
become more accessible than ever before and their knock on effects quickly ripple across the
whole planet. News broadcasts bring the far-flung corners of the world into everyone’s lives,
and with it, a view of the people and places that make up that region. The mysteries of the
World that once fueled global exploration and the quest to discover the unknown are behind us;
we inhabit a world of mass transportation, a world where even the most extreme regions have
been mapped, a world with multi faceted view points on every event, a World of
communication overload.
However, does this help us make sense of the World? It is increasingly important for us to have a
clear vision of the World in which we live and such a deluge of information can leave us
struggling to find some context and meaning. It has never been more important to own an atlas;
the DK Complete Atlas of the World has been conceived to meet this need. At its core, like all
atlases, it seeks to define where places are, to describe their main characteristics, and to locate
them in relation to other places. By gathering a spectacular collection of satellite imagery and
draping it with carefully selected and up-to-date geographic information this atlas filters the
World’s data into clear, meaningful and user-friendly maps.
The World works on different levels and so does the DK Complete Atlas of the World. Readers
can learn about global issues of many kinds or they can probe in a little further for the
continental context. Delving even further they can explore at regional, national or even sub-
national level. The very best available satellite data has been used to create topography and
bathymetry that reveal the breathtaking texture of landscapes and sea-floors. These bring out
the context of the places and features selected to appear on top of them.
This second edition of the DK Complete Atlas of the World incorporates hundreds of revisions
and updates affecting every map and every page, distilling the burgeoning mass of information
available through modern technology into an extraordinarily detailed and reliable view
of our World.
Contents
The atlas is organized by continent,
moving eastward from the International
NORTH
Date Line. The opening section describes AFRICA
AMERICA
the world’s structure, systems and its
main features. The Atlas of the World
which follows, is a continent-by-continent
guide to today’s world, starting with a North America .....................................................42–43 Africa .........................................................................120–121
comprehensive insight into the physical, North America Political ................................44–45 Africa Political....................................................122–123
political, and economic structure of each North America Physical .................................46–47 Africa Physical ....................................................124–125
continent, followed by detailed maps of
North America satellite image .................48–49 Africa satellite image ....................................126–127
carefully selected geopolitical regions.
Canada ........................................................................50–51 Northeast Africa .............................................128–129

Northern Canada ................................................52–53 Northwest Africa ..............................................130–131
Western Canada ..................................................54–55 West Africa including Cape Verde ........132–133
Southwest Canada ............................................56–57 Central Africa .....................................................134–135
East Africa .............................................................136–137
WORLD Eastern Canada ....................................................58–59
Southern Africa including
United States of America..............................60–61
Madagascar and Comoros .........................138–139
US: NE States & Southeast Canada ........62–63
South Africa ........................................................140–141
The Solar System ..........................................8–9 US: Boston to Washington DC ..................64–65 Africa City Plans ...............................................142–143
US: Eastern States .............................................66–67
The Physical World ...................................10–11 US: Southeast States .......................................68–69
US: Texas ....................................................................70–71
Structure of the Earth ..........................12–13 EUROPE
US: Great Lakes States ....................................72–73
Shaping the Landscape ........................14–15 US: Great Plains States ....................................74–75
US: Northwest States ......................................76–77
The World’s Oceans ................................16–17 Europe ....................................................................144–145
US: Southwest States .......................................78–79
Europe Political ................................................146–147
The Global Climate.................................18–19 US: California .........................................................80–81 Europe Physical ................................................148–149
US: Alaska & Hawaii ...........................................82–83
Europe satellite image ..................................150–151
Life on Earth .................................................20–21 Northern Mexico ...............................................84–85
Scandinavia, Finland & Iceland ...............152–153
Southern Mexico ...............................................86–87
Man’s Impact on Southern Scandinavia ..................................154–155
the Environment ......................................22–23 Central America ..................................................88–89
United Kingdom & Ireland ........................156–157
The Caribbean ......................................................90–91
Northern Britain & Ireland .......................158–159
Population & Settlement .................24–25
North American City Plans ..........................92–93 Southern Britain ...............................................160–161
Languages & Religion ...........................26–27 The Low Countries .........................................162–163
SOUTH France .....................................................................164–165
World Health .............................................28–29
AMERICA Northern France ..............................................166–167
Southern France & the Pyrenees .........168–169
Water Resources .......................................30–31
The Iberian Peninsula ....................................170–171
The Economic System ..........................32–33 South America .....................................................94–95 Southern Iberia .................................................172–173
South America Political .................................96–97 The Italian Peninsula ......................................174–175
Global Communication ......................34–35
South America Physical .................................98–99 The Alpine States & Northern Italy ...176–177
The Political World ................................36–37 South America satellite image ................100–101 Germany ...............................................................178–179
Northern South America ...........................102–103 Rhineland & Hamburg ..................................180–181
States, Borders, Western South America Central Europe ..................................................182–183
Conflicts & Disputes ..........................38–39 including Galapagos ......................................104–105
Southeast Europe ...........................................184–185
Amazon Basin ....................................................106–107
Time Zones ...........................................................40 Greece ....................................................................186–187
Eastern Brazil ....................................................108–109 Romania, Moldova & Ukraine ................188–189
Southeast Brazil ..................................................110–111 The Baltic States & Belarus .......................190–191
Central South America ..................................112–113 Russian Federation ..........................................192–193
River Plate ...............................................................114–115 Northern European Russia .......................194–195
Southern Argentina & Chile ......................116–117 Southern European Russia ........................196–197
Central Chile and Argentina ...............................118 The Mediterranean ........................................198–199
South America City Plans ....................................119 European City Plans ....................................200–203
Western China ................................................238–239 Australasia & Oceania
satellite image ..................................................272–273
Southeast China ..............................................240–241
ASIA Australia ...............................................................274–275
Yangtze River Valley .....................................242–243
Southeast Australia ......................................276–277
Yellow River Valley .......................................244–245
New Zealand .....................................................278–279
Northeast China .............................................246–247
Papua New Guinea & Melanesia ..........280–281
Asia .........................................................................204–205
Korea & Japan ..................................................248–249
Micronesia ..........................................................282–283
Asia Political .....................................................206–207
Southern Japan .................................................250–251
Polynesia .............................................................284–285
Asia Physical .....................................................208–209
Northern Japan ...............................................252–253
Pacific Ocean ...................................................286–287
Asia satellite image ..........................................210–211
Southeast Asia .................................................254–255 Indian Ocean....................................................288–289
Southwest Asia ..................................................212–213
Mainland Southeast Asia ..........................256–257 Atlantic Ocean ................................................290–291
Turkey & the Caucasus .................................214–215
Western Maritime Southeast Asia ....258–259 Antarctica ...........................................................292–293
The Near East .....................................................216–217
Eastern Maritime Southeast Asia .......260–261 The Arctic ..........................................................294–295
Israel & Lebanon .............................................218–219
Philippines ..........................................................262–263
The Arabian Peninsula ................................220–221
Asian City Plans..............................................264–265
Iran...........................................................................222–223 INDEX &
Central & South Asia ...................................224–225 GAZETTEER
Kazakhstan .........................................................226–227 AUSTRALASIA
Central Asia ......................................................228–229 & OCEANIA
Afghanistan & Pakistan ...............................230–231 Geographical Comparisons....................296–297
Countries of the World ............................298–304
Northern India, Nepal
& Bangladesh ....................................................232–233 Australasia & Oceania ................................266–267 Geographical Names .............................................305
Southern India & Sri Lanka ......................234–235 Australasia & Oceania Political ............268–269 Index ......................................................................306–432
East Asia ...............................................................236–237 Australasia & Oceania Physical ..............270–271 Credits/Acknowledgements .............................432
Key to regional maps
Physical features Drainage features Communications Settlements
Physical features (continued)
elevation main river motorway / highway
built up area sea features Golfe de Lion
secondary river motorway / highway Andaman Sea
6000m / 19,686ft tertiary river (under construction) settlement population symbols INDIAN
4000m / 13,124ft minor river major road more than 5 million OCEAN
3000m / 9843ft main seasonal river minor road 1 million to 5 million
2000m / 6562ft secondary seasonal river tunnel (road) 500,000 to 1 million undersea features Barracuda Fracture Zone
main railroad
1000m / 3281ft canal 100,000 to 500,000
500m / 1640ft waterfall minor railroad 50,000 to 100,000 Regions
tunnel (railroad) ARMENIA
250m / 820ft rapids 10,000 to 50,000 country
100m / 328ft dam international airport fewer than 10,000 dependent territory
with parent state NIUE (to NZ)
sea level perennial lake country/dependent territory
below sea level seasonal lake Borders capital city afeudtoernaol mreoguiosn / MINAS GERAIS
autonomous / federal
elevation above sea level perennial salt lake full international region / other 1st order internal other 1st order internal
(mountain height) seasonal salt lake border administrative center administrative
region MINSKAYA
volcano reservoir uinntdeernfianteiodn al border 2nd order internal VOBLASTS’
administrative center
pass salt flat / salt pan disputed de facto 2nd order internal
border administrative
elevation below sea level marsh / salt marsh region Vaucluse
(depression depth) mangrove dcliasipmu tbeodr dteerrritorial Typographic key cultural region New England
sand desert wadi indication of country
extent (Pacific only)
lava flow spring / well / waterhole / oasis indication of Physical features Settlements
dependent territory
coastline Ice features extent (Pacific only) landscape features Namib Desert capital city BEIJING
Massif Central
reef
demarcation/ ANDES dependent territory
atoll ice cap / sheet cease fire line capital city FORT-DE-FRANCE
ice shelf afeudtoernaol mreoguiosn / b order headland Nordkapp other settlements Chicago
glacier / snowfield Adana
other 1st order internal
sea depth summer pack ice limit administrative border elevation / Mount Meru Tizi Ozou
sea level volcano / pass 4556 m
winter pack ice limit 2nd order internal Yonezawa
-250m / -820ft administrative border
drainage features Lake Geneva Farnham
Graticule features
-2000m / -6562ft
-4000m / -13,124ft Miscellaneous features rivers / canals Miscellaneous
lines of latitude and spring / well /
longitude / Equator waterhole / oasis /
ancient wall waterfall / sites of interest /
Tropics / Polar circles rapids / dam Mekong miscellaneous Valley of the Kings
seamount / guyot symbol site of interest
degrees of longitude / Tropics /
undersea spot depth latitude scientific station ice features Vatnajökull Polar circles Antarctic Circle
The Solar System
The Solar System consists of our local star, the Sun, and
THE MOON’S PHASES
numerous objects that orbit the Sun – eight planets, five
As the Moon orbits Earth, the
currently recognized dwarf planets, over 165 moons relative positions of Moon, Sun
and Earth continuously change.
orbiting these planets and dwarf planets, and countless
Thus, the angle at which the
smaller bodies such as comets and asteroids. Including a Moon’s sunlit face is seen by an
observer on Earth varies in a
vast outer region that is populated only by comets, the
cyclical fashion, producing the
Solar System is about 9,300 billion miles (15,000 billion Moon’s phases, as shown at
right. Each cycle takes 29.5 days.
km) across. The much smaller region containing just
1. WAXING CRESCENT 2. FIRST QUARTER
the Sun and planets is about 7.5 billion miles
The Moon
(12 billion km) across. The Sun, which contributes
Earth’s only satellite, the Moon, is thought to
over 99 percent of the mass of the entire Solar
have formed 4.5 billion years ago from a cloud
System, creates energy from nuclear reactions
of debris produced when a large asteroid hit
deep within its interior, providing the heat and the young Earth. The Moon is too small to have
retained an atmosphere, and is therefore a
light that make life on Earth possible.
lifeless, dusty and dead world. However,
although the Moon has only about 1 percent of
the mass of the Earth, its gravity exerts an
important influence on Earth’s oceans,
manifest in the ebb and flow of the tides.
What is a Planet? The Earth and Moon’s relative sizes are clear in
this long-range image from space.
The International Astronomical Union defines a
Solar System planet as a near-spherical object that
orbits the Sun (and no other body) and has
D
cleared the neighborhood around its orbit of
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O not big enough to have cleared its orbital
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orbiting stars other than the Sun.

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(dwarf
planet)
MERCURY VENUS EARTH MARS
The Sun
The Sun is a huge sphere of exceedingly hot
plasma (ionized gas), consisting mainly of the
elements hydrogen and helium. It formed about 4.6
billion years ago, when a swirling cloud of gas and dust
began to contract under the influence of gravity. When the
center of this cloud reached a critically high temperature,
hydrogen nuclei started combining to form helium nuclei – a
process called nuclear fusion – with the release of massive amounts of
energy. This process continues to this day.
JUPITER
SOLAR ECLIPSE INSIDE THE SUN
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth The Sun has three internal layers. At its center is the core,
and the Sun, casting its shadow on Earth’s surface. During a where temperatures reach 27 million°F (15 million°C) and Photosphere
total eclipse (below), viewers along a strip of Earth’s surface, nuclear fusion occurs. The radiative zone is a
called the area of totality, see the Sun totally blotted out for slightly cooler region through which energy
a short time, as the umbra (Moon’s full shadow) sweeps over radiates away from the core. Further out, in
them. Outside this area is a larger one, where the Sun the convective zone, plumes of hot plasma
Core
appears only partly obscured, as the penumbra (partial carry the energy towards the Sun’s visible
shadow) passes over. surface layer, called the photosphere. Once
there, the energy escapes as light, heat and
Penumbra Area of other forms of radiation.
Moon (partial totality Earth
shadow)
Radiative zone
Sunlight Convective
zone
Prominences
Sunspots mark are loops of gas
Umbra (total Area of cooler areas arching above the
shadow) partial eclipse of surface photosphere