Comparative performance of anaerobic filters at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures PDF
Preview Comparative performance of anaerobic filters at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations 1992 Comparative performance of anaerobic filters at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures William Lee Harris Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at:http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of theCivil Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Harris, William Lee, "Comparative performance of anaerobic filters at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures " (1992). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 10577. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/10577 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please [email protected]. U-M-I MICROFILMED 1994 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quali^ of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9414046 Comparative performance of anaerobic filters at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures Harris, William Lee, Ph.D. Iowa State University, 1992 Copyright ©1992 by Harris, William Lee. All rights reserved. 300 N. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Comparative performance of anaerobic filters at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures by William Lee Harris A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department: Civil and Construction Engineering Major: Civil Engineering (Environmental Engineering) Approved: Members of the Committee: Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Graduate College Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1992 Copyright© William Lee Harris, 1992. All rights reserved. DEDICATION To Jana, Eric and Kyle Thank you for your patience. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF STUDY 4 III. LITERATURE REVIEW 6 The Fundamentals of Anaerobic Digestion 6 History of Anaerobic Treatment 22 Anaerobic Fixed-Film Systems 34 Thermophilic Anaerobic Treatment 44 Two-Phase Anaerobic Treatment Systems 59 IV. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH 68 Reactor Construction 68 Media 76 Temperature Control 77 Feed System 78 Gas Measurement System 80 Substrate 80 Experimental Set-up 84 Phase I experimental set-up 84 Phase II experimental set-up 89 Loading Rates 91 Phase I 91 Phase II 93 Temperature of Operation 94 Sampling and Analysis 94 Sample collection 94 Analytical methods 95 a. Chemical oxygen demand 95 b. Volatile fatty acids 97 c. Gas analysis 97 d. Solids analysis 99 e. pH 101 f. Ammonia 101 g. Alkalinity 103 V. START-UP 104 Phase I 104 Phase II 105 iv VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 106 Phase I 106 Data analysis 106 COD removal 106 COD vs HRT results 119 Ammonia and volatile acids 136 Methane production 145 Phase II 152 Set-up 152 Operation 152 Results 153 Ammonia and volatile acids 157 Methane production 163 VII. ENGINEERING SIGNIFICANCE 178 Phase I 178 Phase II 180 VIII. CONCLUSIONS 182 Phase I 182 Phase II 183 IX. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 184 BIBLIOGRAPHY 185 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 196 APPENDIX A. Methane Production Data 197 APPENDIX B. Ammonia Production Data 219 APPENDIX C. Volatile Acids Data 221 APPENDIX D. Solids Data 226
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