Common Core Curriculum: World History, Grades K-2

265 Pages·2014·4.88 MB·English

by  Common Core

Common Core Curriculum:
World History,
Grades K–2
Cover design by Chris Clary
Cover image: Two People Sitting on Camels in Front of the Great Pyramids, Giza, Egypt © Peter Adams
Copyright © 2014 by Common Core, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Common Core Curriculum: world history, grades K-2/Common Core, Inc. — First edition.
pages cm. — (Common Core U.S. and world history)
Includes index.
ISBN 978-1-118-83512-8 (pbk.); ISBN 978-1-118-84097-9 (pdf); ISBN 978-1-118-84075-7 (epub)
1. History—Study and teaching (Elementary)—United States. I. Common Core, Inc.
D16.3.C68 2014
372.89—dc23
2013045499
Printed in the United States of America
first edition
PB Printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Introduction: How to Use the Alexandria Plan vii
Era 1 From First Fire to First Community: Humanity Evolves (ca. 200,000 bce to 3000 bce) 1
Text Study: Discovery in the Cave by Mark Dubowski and Bryn Barnard
Era 2 Civilizations Emerge: The Power of Words and of Bronze (ca. 3500 bce to
ca. 1000 bce) 7
Text Study: Tut’s Mummy: Lost . . . and Found by Judy Donnelly
Era 3 From Iron to Ideas: Religion and Freedom Take Shape (ca. 1700 bce to 400 bce) 15
Text Study: Ancient Greece and the Olympics by Mary Pope Osborne and
Natalie Pope Boyce
Era 4 The Classical Era: Hellenistic Greece and Rome Flourish (400 bce to 476 ce) 23
Text Study: Pompeii . . . Buried Alive! by Edith Kunhardt
Era 5 Religion and War: Driving Change in Asian Empires (1750 bce to ca. 1650 ce) 29
Text Study: Hidden Army: Clay Soldiers of Ancient China by Jane O’Connor
Era 6 The Rise of Islam: Religion Travels on a Road of Silk (ca. 610 ce to 1500s) 37
Text Study: We’re Riding on a Caravan: An Adventure on the Silk Road
by Laurie Krebs
Era 7 Europe after Rome Fell: The Middle Ages Descend (400s to 1350) 43
Text Study: A Medieval Feast by Aliki
Era 8 The Renaissance: Thought Reborn and Made Beautiful (ca. 1300 to 1648) 51
Text Study: Mario’s Angels: A Story about the Artist Giotto by Mary Arrigan
Era 9 Americas North and South: The “New” World (ca. 20,000 bce to ca. 1500 ce) 57
Text Study: Lost City: The Discovery of Machu Picchu by Ted Lewin
Era 10 Europe’s Global Expansion (1492 to ca. 1700) 63
Text Study: Pirates by Kate Riggs
Text Study: “Blackbeard: Pirate Terror at Sea” (National Geographic)
Era 11 The Revolutionary Roots: The Modern West (ca. 1600 to 1800) 69
Text Study: Peter the Great by Diane Stanley
Era 12 The Industrial Revolution: Nationalism Unites (1790s to 1880s) 77
Text Study: Louis Pasteur by Kremena Spengler
Era 13 Modern Imperialism: A Race of Conquest and Supremacy (ca. 1790s to 1900) 83
Text Study: Samurai by Kate Riggs
Era 14 National Rivalries: The Eruption of Global Conflict (1880s to 1918) 89
Text Study: The Donkey of Gallipoli: A True Story of Courage in World War I
by Mark Greenwood
Era 15 Depression after Versailles: The Rise of Totalitarian Powers (1919 to 1930s) 95
Text Study: On a Beam of Light: A Story of Albert Einstein by Jennifer Berne
iv | Contents
Era 16 Global Calamity: Appeasement Fails and Global Conflict Returns
(mid-1930s to 1945) 101
Text Study: Always Remember Me: How One Family Survived World War II
by Marisabina Russo
Era 17 Post-War World: An Iron Curtain Divides the Globe (1945 to 1960s) 109
Text Study: Red Kite, Blue Kite by Ji-li Jiang
Era 18 The Cold War Thaws: Uneasy Cooperation between Nations (1960s to Present) 115
Text Study: Nasreen’s Secret School: A True Story from Afghanistan
by Jeanette Winter
Era Summaries 123
Era 1 From First Fire to First Community: Humanity Evolves (ca. 200,000 bce to
3000 bce) 125
Human Origins and Migration • Paleolithic Societies and the Emergence of
Human Culture • The Agricultural Revolution • Technology, Trade,
and the Rise of Settled Communities
Era 2 Civilizations Emerge: The Power of Words and of Bronze (ca. 3500 bce to
ca. 1000 bce) 128
The First Cities: Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China • States of the Early
Bronze Age • The Invention and Impact of Writing • The Later Bronze Age
in West Asia and the Mediterranean
Era 3 From Iron to Ideas: Religion and Freedom Take Shape (ca. 1700 bce to 400 bce) 132
Bronze Age Collapse and the New Peoples of the Iron Age • Ancient Israel
and the Roots of Eura Ancient Israel and the Roots of Eurasian Monotheism •
The Revival of Greek Culture and the Expansion of Greek Influence •
The Brief Glories of Classical Athens
Era 4 The Classical Era: Hellenistic Greece and Rome Flourish (400 bce to 476 ce) 137
Alexander’s Empire and the Hellenistic Legacy • Rome Rises • Imperial Rome
and Its Breaking Point • Christianity, Constantine, and the Decline of
the Western Empire
Era 5 Religion and War: Driving Change in Asian Empires (1750 bce to ca. 1650 bce) 142
India: From the Vedas to the Guptas—Buddhism, Hinduism, and the Wider World •
Imperial China Emerges • China from Tang to Qing • Lands beyond China: Japan,
Korea, and Southeast Asia
Era 6 The Rise of Islam: Religion Travels on a Road of Silk (ca. 610 ce to 1500s) 148
Islam’s Origins and Rapid Conquests • Political Division and Cultural
Achievement • Amid Chaos, Continued Expansion • Later Islamic Empires
Era 7 Europe after Rome Fell: The Middle Ages Descend (400s to 1350) 153
Europe Rebuilds in the Wake of Rome’s Fall • The Carolingian Empire and
Its Successors • The Feudal States of Western Europe • European
Commerce and Culture: The Medieval Revival
Era 8 The Renaissance: Thought Reborn and Made Beautiful (ca. 1300 to 1648) 159
The Changing World of Late Medieval Europe • Classical Revival, the Expansion
of Learning, and the Rise of the Renaissance • Exploration and the Roots of
European Expansion • The Reformation and Its Consequences
Contents | v
Era 9 Americas North and South: The “New” World (ca. 20,000 bce to ca. 1500 ce) 166
Early Human Settlement of the Americas • The Native Peoples of North America •
The Native Peoples of Mesoamerica • The Native Peoples of South America
Era 10 Europe’s Global Expansion (1492 to ca. 1700) 170
Spain Takes On the New World • Other European Powers Enter the Americas •
The African Slave Trade Intensifies • Europe Expands into Asia and Eastern
Colonialism Begins
Era 11 The Revolutionary Roots: The Modern West (ca. 1600 to 1800) 175
Uneven Growth and Economic Modernization • Freedom versus Power:
England and France in the Seventeenth Century • New Ideas Emerge in
a Rapidly Modernizing Europe • America and France Enter the Age of Revolution
Era 12 The Industrial Revolution: Nationalism Unites (1790s to 1880s) 183
Napoleon’s Europe • Industrialization, Technology, Science—and Turmoil •
Napoleon’s Wake: Rising Threats to Europe’s Old Regimes • Nationalists,
Conservatives, and the Unification of Italy and Germany
Era 13 Modern Imperialism: A Race of Conquest and Supremacy (ca. 1790s to 1900) 191
European Empires Face Decline in the Americas • Britain Takes Over India as
Europe Edges into Africa • The West’s Heavy Hand in the Pacific • Late-Century
Climax: The Disintegration of China and the Scramble for Africa
Era 14 National Rivalries: The Eruption of Global Conflict (1880s to 1918) 199
Empires in Collision • Europe’s Tinderbox • Europe’s Tensions Erupt into
World War • A New World of Science, Technology, War, and Culture
Era 15 Depression after Versailles: The Rise of Totalitarian Powers (1919 to 1930s) 207
The Versailles Settlement and Its Discontents • Totalitarians Rising • The Global
Depression and the Entrenchment of the Nazis • Science Advances in a World
of Growing Danger
Era 16 Global Calamity: Appeasement Fails and Global Conflict Returns
(mid-1930s to 1945) 215
Fascist Aggression Intensifies • As Appeasement Fails, Europe Slides toward War •
Hitler Sweeps across Europe • Global Conflict and the Devastation of Total War
Era 17 Post-War World: An Iron Curtain Divides the Globe (1945 to 1960s) 223
The Emerging Cold War • Deterrence and the Uneasy Balance of the
Superpowers • The End of the Colonial Empires and the Rise of New Nations:
South Asia and the Pacific • Africa and the Middle East
Era 18 The Cold War Thaws: Uneasy Cooperation between Nations (1960s to Present) 229
Global Conflict and Diplomacy: Détente, China, and the Middle East • The Cold
War Ends and European Communism Falls • The Changing Post–Cold
War World • Recent Trends: Global Ties and Conflicts
Who Is Common Core 237
Acknowledgments 239
Index 241

Introduction: How to
Use the Alexandria Plan
The Alexandria Plan is Common Core’s curriculum tool for teaching United States and world
history. It is a strategic framework for identifying and using high-quality informational texts and
narrative nonfiction to meet the expectations of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for
English language arts (ELA) while also sharing essential historical knowledge with students in
elementary school (kindergarten through fifth grade). These resources can be used in either the
social studies block or the ELA block during the elementary school day. The curriculum helps
teachers pose questions about texts covering a wide range of topics: from the caves at Lascaux to
King Tut’s tomb, Chief Joseph to Kubla Khan, and the birth of democracy to the fall of the Berlin
Wall. These books tell stories that thrill students. Accompanying text-dependent questions
(TDQs) will elevate student learning to a level that will help them master the new CCSS for
English language arts (CCSS-ELA).
We call these curriculum materials the “Alexandria Plan” because we enjoy thinking about the
role that they—and the teachers who use them—play in passing along important knowledge to
future generations. In ancient Egypt, the Library of Alexandria, along with a museum, was part of
a grand complex that sought to collect and catalog “all the knowledge in the world.” It became a
center of learning, attracting scholars, philosophers, scientists, and physicians from all corners of
the earth. Though it fell to fire, the spirit of Alexandria remains. Some twenty-three hundred
years later, a new library stands near the site of its ancient ancestor, and the story of Alexandria
and its great library inspires our efforts to help teachers illuminate the future by inculcating in
their students an understanding of the past.
The Alexandria Plan is the second in a suite of curriculum materials Common Core is
developing to help educators implement the CCSS. In 2010, Common Core released its Curriculum
Maps in English Language Arts. The Maps are a coherent sequence of thematic units, roughly six
per grade level, for students in kindergarten through twelfth grade. Now known as the Wheatley
Portfolio, these resources connect the skills delineated in the CCSS with suggested works of litera-
ture and informational texts and provide sample activities that teachers can use in the classroom to
reinforce the standards. The Wheatley Portfolio will soon grow, with resources to help educators
enact the instructional shifts while cultivating in students a love of excellent books—all based on
featured anchor informational and literary texts, poetry, and the arts. In summer 2013, we began
rolling out a comprehensive, K–12, CCSS-based mathematics curriculum known as Eureka Math,
with embedded professional development. Please watch our website, commoncore.org, for future
releases.
How will tHe AlexAndriA PlAn HelP Me, My ScHool, My diStrict,
or My StAte iMPleMent tHe ccSS-elA?
The CCSS-ELA emphasize the importance of literacy across the curriculum. Indeed, CCSS
architect David Coleman has said, “There is no such thing as doing the nuts and bolts of reading
in kindergarten through fifth grade without coherently developing knowledge in science, and
history, and the arts—period.” Unfortunately, research has illustrated that history is one in a group
of core subjects that have been squeezed out of many classrooms. The Alexandria Plan guides
viii | How to Use tHe AlexAndrIA PlAn
educators through the process of reprioritizing the teaching of history in the classroom and will
assist teachers in addressing key CCSS-ELA while also meeting state social studies standards.
How Are tHeSe reSourceS Structured?
The print editions of the Alexandria Plan, each organized by subject and grade span,
present essential content knowledge in United States and world history. United States history
is separated into eighteen eras, and so is world history. To make this knowledge accessible to
students in elementary school, we established two grade spans: lower elementary (kindergar-
ten through second grade) and upper elementary (third grade through fifth grade). Each book
contains one subject area (United States or world history) as well as the resources for teach-
ing to one grade span (lower or upper elementary). Learning expectations articulate the key
ideas, events, facts, and figures to be understood by students in a particular grade span.
Suggested anchor texts; text studies (comprising TDQs and exemplar student responses, and
accompanied by performance assessments based on one or more featured anchor texts); and
more select resources flesh out the content for each era. The following is a detailed break-
down of what is contained in a given era of the Alexandria Plan as well as in the accompanying
collection of era summaries that provide additional historical content for teachers.
Overview
Each overview captures the essence of the history presented in a given era. The paragraph
concludes with a brief description of what students will learn and be able to do after completing
the associated text study.
Learning Expectations
This section describes what our teachers have identified as being appropriate and necessary
for students to know in each grade span. It is this knowledge that students need to master so that
they will be prepared for later grades. Teachers can break down the content indicated into grade-
specific expectations that fit their classroom.
Suggested Anchor Texts
For each era of U.S. and world history, we provide a well-vetted list of suggested anchor
texts that can be used to impart essential knowledge found in the “Era Summaries” and
“Learning Expectations.” So that educators can select the book that is best suited to their class-
room, we provide text recommendations covering an array of topics in the era. These carefully
curated selections include exceptional works of narrative nonfiction, informational texts, and
historical fiction. The texts are rich in historical content, well written, fair in their presentation
of history, and often beautifully illustrated, allowing for the development of text-dependent
questions that illuminate both the historical content and the authors’ and illustrators’ craft.
These texts may also serve as mentor texts for students’ own writing.
Featured Anchor Text
Teacher-writers selected one or two of the suggested anchor texts to illuminate in a text
study aimed at the higher end of a particular grade span. Although all of the suggested anchor
texts are worth exploring with students, each featured anchor text captures a particularly