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Common Core Curriculum: World History, Grades K-2 PDF

265 Pages·2014·4.88 MB·English
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Common Core Curriculum: World History, Grades K–2 Cover design by Chris Clary Cover image: Two People Sitting on Camels in Front of the Great Pyramids, Giza, Egypt © Peter Adams Copyright © 2014 by Common Core, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by Jossey-Bass A Wiley Brand One Montgomery Street, Suite 1200, San Francisco, CA 94104-4594 www.josseybass.com No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Detail of Hammurabi Receiving the Law from the Sun God, Shamash on the Stele of Hammurabi | © Gianni Dagli Orti/ Corbis Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Readers should be aware that Internet Web sites offered as citations and/or sources for further information may have changed or disappeared between the time this was written and when it is read. Jossey-Bass books and products are available through most bookstores. To contact Jossey-Bass directly call our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 800-956-7739, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3986, or fax 317-572-4002. The content in this book also can be found online. See “The Alexandria Plan” at commoncore.org. Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Common Core Curriculum: world history, grades K-2/Common Core, Inc. — First edition. pages cm. — (Common Core U.S. and world history) Includes index. ISBN 978-1-118-83512-8 (pbk.); ISBN 978-1-118-84097-9 (pdf); ISBN 978-1-118-84075-7 (epub) 1. History—Study and teaching (Elementary)—United States. I. Common Core, Inc. D16.3.C68 2014 372.89—dc23 2013045499 Printed in the United States of America first edition PB Printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Introduction: How to Use the Alexandria Plan vii Era 1 From First Fire to First Community: Humanity Evolves (ca. 200,000 bce to 3000 bce) 1 Text Study: Discovery in the Cave by Mark Dubowski and Bryn Barnard Era 2 Civilizations Emerge: The Power of Words and of Bronze (ca. 3500 bce to ca. 1000 bce) 7 Text Study: Tut’s Mummy: Lost . . . and Found by Judy Donnelly Era 3 From Iron to Ideas: Religion and Freedom Take Shape (ca. 1700 bce to 400 bce) 15 Text Study: Ancient Greece and the Olympics by Mary Pope Osborne and Natalie Pope Boyce Era 4 The Classical Era: Hellenistic Greece and Rome Flourish (400 bce to 476 ce) 23 Text Study: Pompeii . . . Buried Alive! by Edith Kunhardt Era 5 Religion and War: Driving Change in Asian Empires (1750 bce to ca. 1650 ce) 29 Text Study: Hidden Army: Clay Soldiers of Ancient China by Jane O’Connor Era 6 The Rise of Islam: Religion Travels on a Road of Silk (ca. 610 ce to 1500s) 37 Text Study: We’re Riding on a Caravan: An Adventure on the Silk Road by Laurie Krebs Era 7 Europe after Rome Fell: The Middle Ages Descend (400s to 1350) 43 Text Study: A Medieval Feast by Aliki Era 8 The Renaissance: Thought Reborn and Made Beautiful (ca. 1300 to 1648) 51 Text Study: Mario’s Angels: A Story about the Artist Giotto by Mary Arrigan Era 9 Americas North and South: The “New” World (ca. 20,000 bce to ca. 1500 ce) 57 Text Study: Lost City: The Discovery of Machu Picchu by Ted Lewin Era 10 Europe’s Global Expansion (1492 to ca. 1700) 63 Text Study: Pirates by Kate Riggs Text Study: “Blackbeard: Pirate Terror at Sea” (National Geographic) Era 11 The Revolutionary Roots: The Modern West (ca. 1600 to 1800) 69 Text Study: Peter the Great by Diane Stanley Era 12 The Industrial Revolution: Nationalism Unites (1790s to 1880s) 77 Text Study: Louis Pasteur by Kremena Spengler Era 13 Modern Imperialism: A Race of Conquest and Supremacy (ca. 1790s to 1900) 83 Text Study: Samurai by Kate Riggs Era 14 National Rivalries: The Eruption of Global Conflict (1880s to 1918) 89 Text Study: The Donkey of Gallipoli: A True Story of Courage in World War I by Mark Greenwood Era 15 Depression after Versailles: The Rise of Totalitarian Powers (1919 to 1930s) 95 Text Study: On a Beam of Light: A Story of Albert Einstein by Jennifer Berne iv | Contents Era 16 Global Calamity: Appeasement Fails and Global Conflict Returns (mid-1930s to 1945) 101 Text Study: Always Remember Me: How One Family Survived World War II by Marisabina Russo Era 17 Post-War World: An Iron Curtain Divides the Globe (1945 to 1960s) 109 Text Study: Red Kite, Blue Kite by Ji-li Jiang Era 18 The Cold War Thaws: Uneasy Cooperation between Nations (1960s to Present) 115 Text Study: Nasreen’s Secret School: A True Story from Afghanistan by Jeanette Winter Era Summaries 123 Era 1 From First Fire to First Community: Humanity Evolves (ca. 200,000 bce to 3000 bce) 125 Human Origins and Migration • Paleolithic Societies and the Emergence of Human Culture • The Agricultural Revolution • Technology, Trade, and the Rise of Settled Communities Era 2 Civilizations Emerge: The Power of Words and of Bronze (ca. 3500 bce to ca. 1000 bce) 128 The First Cities: Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China • States of the Early Bronze Age • The Invention and Impact of Writing • The Later Bronze Age in West Asia and the Mediterranean Era 3 From Iron to Ideas: Religion and Freedom Take Shape (ca. 1700 bce to 400 bce) 132 Bronze Age Collapse and the New Peoples of the Iron Age • Ancient Israel and the Roots of Eura Ancient Israel and the Roots of Eurasian Monotheism • The Revival of Greek Culture and the Expansion of Greek Influence • The Brief Glories of Classical Athens Era 4 The Classical Era: Hellenistic Greece and Rome Flourish (400 bce to 476 ce) 137 Alexander’s Empire and the Hellenistic Legacy • Rome Rises • Imperial Rome and Its Breaking Point • Christianity, Constantine, and the Decline of the Western Empire Era 5 Religion and War: Driving Change in Asian Empires (1750 bce to ca. 1650 bce) 142 India: From the Vedas to the Guptas—Buddhism, Hinduism, and the Wider World • Imperial China Emerges • China from Tang to Qing • Lands beyond China: Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia Era 6 The Rise of Islam: Religion Travels on a Road of Silk (ca. 610 ce to 1500s) 148 Islam’s Origins and Rapid Conquests • Political Division and Cultural Achievement • Amid Chaos, Continued Expansion • Later Islamic Empires Era 7 Europe after Rome Fell: The Middle Ages Descend (400s to 1350) 153 Europe Rebuilds in the Wake of Rome’s Fall • The Carolingian Empire and Its Successors • The Feudal States of Western Europe • European Commerce and Culture: The Medieval Revival Era 8 The Renaissance: Thought Reborn and Made Beautiful (ca. 1300 to 1648) 159 The Changing World of Late Medieval Europe • Classical Revival, the Expansion of Learning, and the Rise of the Renaissance • Exploration and the Roots of European Expansion • The Reformation and Its Consequences Contents | v Era 9 Americas North and South: The “New” World (ca. 20,000 bce to ca. 1500 ce) 166 Early Human Settlement of the Americas • The Native Peoples of North America • The Native Peoples of Mesoamerica • The Native Peoples of South America Era 10 Europe’s Global Expansion (1492 to ca. 1700) 170 Spain Takes On the New World • Other European Powers Enter the Americas • The African Slave Trade Intensifies • Europe Expands into Asia and Eastern Colonialism Begins Era 11 The Revolutionary Roots: The Modern West (ca. 1600 to 1800) 175 Uneven Growth and Economic Modernization • Freedom versus Power: England and France in the Seventeenth Century • New Ideas Emerge in a Rapidly Modernizing Europe • America and France Enter the Age of Revolution Era 12 The Industrial Revolution: Nationalism Unites (1790s to 1880s) 183 Napoleon’s Europe • Industrialization, Technology, Science—and Turmoil • Napoleon’s Wake: Rising Threats to Europe’s Old Regimes • Nationalists, Conservatives, and the Unification of Italy and Germany Era 13 Modern Imperialism: A Race of Conquest and Supremacy (ca. 1790s to 1900) 191 European Empires Face Decline in the Americas • Britain Takes Over India as Europe Edges into Africa • The West’s Heavy Hand in the Pacific • Late-Century Climax: The Disintegration of China and the Scramble for Africa Era 14 National Rivalries: The Eruption of Global Conflict (1880s to 1918) 199 Empires in Collision • Europe’s Tinderbox • Europe’s Tensions Erupt into World War • A New World of Science, Technology, War, and Culture Era 15 Depression after Versailles: The Rise of Totalitarian Powers (1919 to 1930s) 207 The Versailles Settlement and Its Discontents • Totalitarians Rising • The Global Depression and the Entrenchment of the Nazis • Science Advances in a World of Growing Danger Era 16 Global Calamity: Appeasement Fails and Global Conflict Returns (mid-1930s to 1945) 215 Fascist Aggression Intensifies • As Appeasement Fails, Europe Slides toward War • Hitler Sweeps across Europe • Global Conflict and the Devastation of Total War Era 17 Post-War World: An Iron Curtain Divides the Globe (1945 to 1960s) 223 The Emerging Cold War • Deterrence and the Uneasy Balance of the Superpowers • The End of the Colonial Empires and the Rise of New Nations: South Asia and the Pacific • Africa and the Middle East Era 18 The Cold War Thaws: Uneasy Cooperation between Nations (1960s to Present) 229 Global Conflict and Diplomacy: Détente, China, and the Middle East • The Cold War Ends and European Communism Falls • The Changing Post–Cold War World • Recent Trends: Global Ties and Conflicts Who Is Common Core 237 Acknowledgments 239 Index 241 Introduction: How to Use the Alexandria Plan The Alexandria Plan is Common Core’s curriculum tool for teaching United States and world history. It is a strategic framework for identifying and using high-quality informational texts and narrative nonfiction to meet the expectations of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for English language arts (ELA) while also sharing essential historical knowledge with students in elementary school (kindergarten through fifth grade). These resources can be used in either the social studies block or the ELA block during the elementary school day. The curriculum helps teachers pose questions about texts covering a wide range of topics: from the caves at Lascaux to King Tut’s tomb, Chief Joseph to Kubla Khan, and the birth of democracy to the fall of the Berlin Wall. These books tell stories that thrill students. Accompanying text-dependent questions (TDQs) will elevate student learning to a level that will help them master the new CCSS for English language arts (CCSS-ELA). We call these curriculum materials the “Alexandria Plan” because we enjoy thinking about the role that they—and the teachers who use them—play in passing along important knowledge to future generations. In ancient Egypt, the Library of Alexandria, along with a museum, was part of a grand complex that sought to collect and catalog “all the knowledge in the world.” It became a center of learning, attracting scholars, philosophers, scientists, and physicians from all corners of the earth. Though it fell to fire, the spirit of Alexandria remains. Some twenty-three hundred years later, a new library stands near the site of its ancient ancestor, and the story of Alexandria and its great library inspires our efforts to help teachers illuminate the future by inculcating in their students an understanding of the past. The Alexandria Plan is the second in a suite of curriculum materials Common Core is developing to help educators implement the CCSS. In 2010, Common Core released its Curriculum Maps in English Language Arts. The Maps are a coherent sequence of thematic units, roughly six per grade level, for students in kindergarten through twelfth grade. Now known as the Wheatley Portfolio, these resources connect the skills delineated in the CCSS with suggested works of litera- ture and informational texts and provide sample activities that teachers can use in the classroom to reinforce the standards. The Wheatley Portfolio will soon grow, with resources to help educators enact the instructional shifts while cultivating in students a love of excellent books—all based on featured anchor informational and literary texts, poetry, and the arts. In summer 2013, we began rolling out a comprehensive, K–12, CCSS-based mathematics curriculum known as Eureka Math, with embedded professional development. Please watch our website, commoncore.org, for future releases. How will tHe AlexAndriA PlAn HelP Me, My ScHool, My diStrict, or My StAte iMPleMent tHe ccSS-elA? The CCSS-ELA emphasize the importance of literacy across the curriculum. Indeed, CCSS architect David Coleman has said, “There is no such thing as doing the nuts and bolts of reading in kindergarten through fifth grade without coherently developing knowledge in science, and history, and the arts—period.” Unfortunately, research has illustrated that history is one in a group of core subjects that have been squeezed out of many classrooms. The Alexandria Plan guides viii | How to Use tHe AlexAndrIA PlAn educators through the process of reprioritizing the teaching of history in the classroom and will assist teachers in addressing key CCSS-ELA while also meeting state social studies standards. How Are tHeSe reSourceS Structured? The print editions of the Alexandria Plan, each organized by subject and grade span, present essential content knowledge in United States and world history. United States history is separated into eighteen eras, and so is world history. To make this knowledge accessible to students in elementary school, we established two grade spans: lower elementary (kindergar- ten through second grade) and upper elementary (third grade through fifth grade). Each book contains one subject area (United States or world history) as well as the resources for teach- ing to one grade span (lower or upper elementary). Learning expectations articulate the key ideas, events, facts, and figures to be understood by students in a particular grade span. Suggested anchor texts; text studies (comprising TDQs and exemplar student responses, and accompanied by performance assessments based on one or more featured anchor texts); and more select resources flesh out the content for each era. The following is a detailed break- down of what is contained in a given era of the Alexandria Plan as well as in the accompanying collection of era summaries that provide additional historical content for teachers. Overview Each overview captures the essence of the history presented in a given era. The paragraph concludes with a brief description of what students will learn and be able to do after completing the associated text study. Learning Expectations This section describes what our teachers have identified as being appropriate and necessary for students to know in each grade span. It is this knowledge that students need to master so that they will be prepared for later grades. Teachers can break down the content indicated into grade- specific expectations that fit their classroom. Suggested Anchor Texts For each era of U.S. and world history, we provide a well-vetted list of suggested anchor texts that can be used to impart essential knowledge found in the “Era Summaries” and “Learning Expectations.” So that educators can select the book that is best suited to their class- room, we provide text recommendations covering an array of topics in the era. These carefully curated selections include exceptional works of narrative nonfiction, informational texts, and historical fiction. The texts are rich in historical content, well written, fair in their presentation of history, and often beautifully illustrated, allowing for the development of text-dependent questions that illuminate both the historical content and the authors’ and illustrators’ craft. These texts may also serve as mentor texts for students’ own writing. Featured Anchor Text Teacher-writers selected one or two of the suggested anchor texts to illuminate in a text study aimed at the higher end of a particular grade span. Although all of the suggested anchor texts are worth exploring with students, each featured anchor text captures a particularly

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Comprehensive Common Core curriculum for World History, Grades K-2The Alexandria Plan is Common Core's curriculum tool for the teaching of United States and World History. It is a strategic framework for identifying and using high quality informational texts and narrative nonfiction to meet the expe
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