Combustion for Power Generation and Transportation: Technology, Challenges and Prospects PDF
Preview Combustion for Power Generation and Transportation: Technology, Challenges and Prospects
Avinash Kumar Agarwal · Santanu De Ashok Pandey · Akhilendra Pratap Singh Editors Combustion for Power Generation and Transportation Technology, Challenges and Prospects Combustion for Power Generation and Transportation Avinash Kumar Agarwal Santanu De Ashok Pandey Akhilendra Pratap Singh Editors Combustion for Power Generation and Transportation Technology, Challenges and Prospects 123 Editors Avinash KumarAgarwal Ashok Pandey Department ofMechanical Engineering Eminent Scientist Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Centerof Innovative andApplied Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh Bioprocessing (CIAB) India Mohali,Punjab India SantanuDe Department ofMechanical Engineering Akhilendra PratapSingh Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Department ofMechanical Engineering Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh India ISBN978-981-10-3784-9 ISBN978-981-10-3785-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3785-6 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017930133 ©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:152BeachRoad,#21-01/04GatewayEast,Singapore189721,Singapore Preface Energy demand has been rising remarkably due to increasing population and urbanization.Globaleconomyandsocietyaresignificantlydependentontheenergy availability because it touches every facet of human life and activities. Trans- portation and power generation are major examples of the energy. Without the transportation by millions of personalized and mass transport vehicles and avail- ability of 24×7 power, human civilization would not have attained contemporary living standards. An international workshop, 3rd ISEES Workshop on “Sustainable Energy, Environment&SafetywithRailwayCentricTheme”,washeldatResearchDesigns and Standards Organisation (RDSO), Lucknow, India during December 21–23, 2015 under the aegis of International Society for Energy, Environment and Sus- tainability (ISEES). This workshop provided a platform for discussions between eminent scientists and engineers from various countries including India, USA, South Korea, Thailand, and Austria. In this workshop, eminent speakers presented their views related to different aspects of combustion, and alternative energy resourceforsustainabledevelopmentandcleanerenvironment.Thisworkshoplaid the roadmap for technology development, opportunities and challenges in this technology domain. At this stage of technology development, transportation and power generation systems are dependent on IC engines and gas turbines to a great extent. Fundamentals of combustion and pollutant formation are coupled to each otherandneedtobeexploredinorder todesignenergy-efficientandenvironment- friendly combustion systems for power generation sector, and transport sector. Besides changing the existing design of combustion systems, application of different alternative fuels such as biofuels, other renewable fuels, alcohols and synthetic fuels needs to be explored for sustainable global development. Funda- mental and applied studies can be carried out using the state-of-the-art optical diagnosticsystemsandadvancednumericalmodelsforturbulentcombustion.Such fundamental investigations would result in optimized design of these combustion systems, which would be more efficient and environment friendly. The editors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the authors for submitting their high quality work in a timely manner and revising it their v vi Preface contributions appropriately at a short notice. We would like to express our special thankstoProf.VaibhavArghode,Prof.AshokeDe,Prof.SatheshMariappan,Prof. Atul Dhar, Prof. Dhananjay Kumar Srivastava, Prof. Rakesh Kumar Maurya, Prof. Dr. Malay Karmakar, Prof. Swarnendu Sen, Prof. Swetaprovo Chaudhuri, Prof. Sreedhara Seshadri, Prof. Achintya Mukhopadhyay, Prof. P.K. Bose, Prof. Amtava Datta, Prof. Thierry Poinsot, Prof. R.P. Gakkhar, Prof. Sudarshan Kumar, Prof. William Roberts and Dr. Akhilendra Pratap Singh, who reviewed various chapters of the monograph and provided their valuable suggestions to improve the submitted manuscripts, which helped us bring the monograph in the present form. We acknowledge the support received from various funding agencies and organi- zations for successful conduct of the ISEES workshop, where these monographs germinated.TheseincludeDepartmentofScienceandTechnology,Governmentof India (Special thanks to Dr. Sanjay Bajpai); RITES Ltd., India (Special thanks to Sh.PradeepGupta);OfficeofNavalResearchGlobal,Singapore(Specialthanksto Dr. Ramesh Kolar); TSI, India (Special thanks to Dr. Deepak Sharma); Caterpiller India;AVLIndia;DynomerkControls,India(SpecialthankstoSh.KishoreRaut); CEI Softwares, India; ESi Group, Pune; BHEL India; and Bosch India. This monograph is intended for combustion practitioners and we hope that the bookwouldbeofgreatinteresttotheprofessionals,postgraduatestudentsinvolved in advanced combustion techniques, experimentation and numerical simulation of combustionandenvironmentalaspects.Themainobjectiveofthismonographisto promoteabetterandmoreaccurateunderstandingofcombustioninICenginesand gas turbines, besides recent advances and challenges in clean combustion systems and technology. Kanpur, India Avinash Kumar Agarwal Kanpur, India Santanu De Mohali, India Ashok Pandey Kanpur, India Akhilendra Pratap Singh Contents Part I General Introduction to Combustion for Power Generation and Transportation. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 3 Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Santanu De, Ashok Pandey and Akhilendra Pratap Singh Part II Combustion: Experiments and Simulations A Review on Autoignition in Laminar and Turbulent Nonpremixed Flames ... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 11 Sanjeev Kumar Ghai and Santanu De Langevin Simulation of Turbulent Combustion ... .... .... ..... .... 39 A.G. Nouri, S. Sammak, P.H. Pisciuneri and P. Givi Numerical Modeling of MILD Combustion at High Pressure to Predict the Optimal Operating Conditions. .... .... .... ..... .... 55 V. Mahendra Reddy and William L. Roberts Investigation of Forward and Reverse Flow CDC Combustors.... .... 77 Vaibhav K. Arghode and Ashwani K. Gupta Global and Local Viewpoints to Analyze Turbulence-Premixed Flame Interaction .. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 101 Swetaprovo Chaudhuri Part III Gas Turbines Pulse Combustor Driven Pressure Gain Combustion for High Efficiency Gas Turbine Engines.... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 127 Joel C. Lisanti and William L. Roberts vii viii Contents Lean Blowout (LBO) Prediction Through Symbolic Time Series Analysis.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 153 Swarnendu Sen, Soumalya Sarkar, Rajendra R. Chaudhari, Achintya Mukhopadhyay and Asok Ray Theoretical Formulation for the Investigation of Acoustic and Entropy-Driven Combustion Instabilities in Gas Turbine Engines .. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 169 Balasubramanian Singaravelu, Sathesh Mariappan and Avijit Saha Chronology of Dynamic Stall Characteristics Through Simultaneous PIV and Surface Pressure Measurements .... ..... .... 197 Deepakkumar M. Sharma and Kamal Poddar Part IV Internal Combustion Engines Lasers and Optical Diagnostics for Next Generation IC Engine Development: Ushering New Era of Engine Development... ..... .... 211 Avinash Kumar Agarwal and Akhilendra Pratap Singh Exergy Destruction Study on Small DI Diesel Engine .. .... ..... .... 261 Veena Chaudhary and R.P. Gakkhar Impact of Fuel Premixing Ratio and Injection Timing on Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Engine . .... ..... .... 277 Mohit Raj Saxena and Rakesh Kumar Maurya Exergy Analysis of Hydrogen-Fueled Spark Ignition Engine Based on Numerical Investigations . .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 297 Saket Verma, S.C. Kaushik and L.M. Das Thermodynamic Modelling of Combustion Process in a Spark Ignition Engine and its Numerical Prediction. .... .... .... ..... .... 317 Vijaya Shree and V. Ganesan Gasoline Direct Injection—Challenges... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 367 Srinibas Tripathy, Sridhar Sahoo and Dhananjay Kumar Srivastava Syngas as SI Engine Fuel: Combustion Perspective.... .... ..... .... 381 Atmadeep Bhattacharya and Amitava Datta Part V Environmental Aspects Carbon Sequestration and Optimization of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 401 Ramesh K. Agarwal, Razi Safi, James Biagi and Subhodeep Banerjee Development of an Indigenous Sensor for Sub-micron Aerosol Monitoring in India.. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 433 Tarun Gupta About the Editors Prof.AvinashKumarAgarwal joinedDepartmentof MechanicalEngineering,IITKanpurin2001.Professor Agarwal worked at ERC, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA as a postdoctoral Fellow (1999–2001). His areas of interest include IC engines, combustion, alternative fuels, hydrogen, conventional fuels, lubri- cating oil tribology, optical diagnostics, laser ignition, HCCI,emissionandparticulatecontrol,andlarge-bore engines.Hehaspublishedmorethan200peer-reviewed international journal and conference papers. He is associateeditorofASMEJournalofEnergyResources Technology, and International Journal of Vehicle Sys- temsModellingandTesting.Hehasedited“Handbook ofCombustion”(5Volumes;3168pages),publishedby WileyVCH,Germany. HeisaFellowofSAE(2012), FellowofASME(2013)andaFellowofINAE(2015). He is the recipient of Prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhat- nagar Prize-2016 in EngineeringSciences. Dr. Santanu De is Assistant Professor in the Depart- ment of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Kanpur since December 2014. He received a Bachelor of Engineer- ing degree from the North Bengal University in 2002, and an M.Tech. from IIT Kanpur in 2004, both in Mechanical Engineering. He received his Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering from IISc, Bangalore in 2012. Prior tojoining IITKanpur,heserved for twoyears at MTUasapostdoctoralresearchassociate,andoneyear at the University of Stuttgart. His primary areas of research include numerical modeling of turbulent ix x AbouttheEditors combustion, spray atomization, coal gasification and combustion. He is Associate Editor of the ‘Journal of Energy, Environment and Sustainability’. Prof.AshokPandey isEminentScientistattheCenter of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali.Hismajorresearchinterestsincludetheareasof microbial, enzyme and bioprocess technology. He has to his credit over 1150 publications/communications, including 16 patents, 50+ books, 140 book chapters, 423 original and review papers, an h index of 78 and ∼25,000GoggleScholarcitations.ProfessorPandeyis the recipient of several fellowships such as the Fel- lowships of Royal Society of Biology (UK), Aca- demician of European Academy of Sciences and Arts, Germany; ISEES; National Academy of Science (India); BRSI; and awards such as Thomson Scientific India Citation Laureate Award, USA; UNESCO Pro- fessor;RamanResearchFellowshipAward,CSIR;and GBF, Germany. He is Editor-in-chief of Bioresource Technology,HonoraryExecutiveAdvisorofJournalof Water Sustainability and Journal of Energy and Envi- ronmentalSustainability,SubjecteditorofProceedings ofNationalAcademyofSciences(India)andserveson theeditorial board ofseveralother journals. Dr. Akhilendra Pratap Singh is a CSIR Pool Sci- entist at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. He received his Masters and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India in 2010 and 2016, respectively. His areas of interest include advanced low temperature combustion; optical diagnostics with special reference toengineendoscopyandPIV;combustiondiagnostics; engine emissions measurements; particulate character- ization and their control; and alternative fuels. Dr. Singh has published 20 peer-reviewed international journal papers and six peer-reviewed international and national conference papers. He is a member of pro- fessionalsocietiessuchasSAE,ASMEandISEES.He isaneditorialboardmemberofthe‘JournalofEnergy, Environment and Sustainability’.
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