Combustion for Power Generation and Transportation: Technology, Challenges and Prospects

448 Pages·2017·17.66 MB·English

by  Avinash Kumar Agarwal

Avinash Kumar Agarwal · Santanu De
Ashok Pandey · Akhilendra Pratap Singh
Editors
Combustion
for Power
Generation and
Transportation
Technology, Challenges and Prospects
Combustion for Power Generation
and Transportation
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Santanu De
Ashok Pandey
Akhilendra Pratap Singh
Editors
Combustion for Power
Generation
and Transportation
Technology, Challenges and Prospects
123
Editors
Avinash KumarAgarwal Ashok Pandey
Department ofMechanical Engineering Eminent Scientist
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Centerof Innovative andApplied
Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh Bioprocessing (CIAB)
India Mohali,Punjab
India
SantanuDe
Department ofMechanical Engineering Akhilendra PratapSingh
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Department ofMechanical Engineering
Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
India Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh
India
ISBN978-981-10-3784-9 ISBN978-981-10-3785-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3785-6
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017930133
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2017
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Preface
Energy demand has been rising remarkably due to increasing population and
urbanization.Globaleconomyandsocietyaresignificantlydependentontheenergy
availability because it touches every facet of human life and activities. Trans-
portation and power generation are major examples of the energy. Without the
transportation by millions of personalized and mass transport vehicles and avail-
ability of 24×7 power, human civilization would not have attained contemporary
living standards.
An international workshop, 3rd ISEES Workshop on “Sustainable Energy,
Environment&SafetywithRailwayCentricTheme”,washeldatResearchDesigns
and Standards Organisation (RDSO), Lucknow, India during December 21–23,
2015 under the aegis of International Society for Energy, Environment and Sus-
tainability (ISEES). This workshop provided a platform for discussions between
eminent scientists and engineers from various countries including India, USA,
South Korea, Thailand, and Austria. In this workshop, eminent speakers presented
their views related to different aspects of combustion, and alternative energy
resourceforsustainabledevelopmentandcleanerenvironment.Thisworkshoplaid
the roadmap for technology development, opportunities and challenges in this
technology domain. At this stage of technology development, transportation and
power generation systems are dependent on IC engines and gas turbines to a great
extent. Fundamentals of combustion and pollutant formation are coupled to each
otherandneedtobeexploredinorder todesignenergy-efficientandenvironment-
friendly combustion systems for power generation sector, and transport sector.
Besides changing the existing design of combustion systems, application of
different alternative fuels such as biofuels, other renewable fuels, alcohols and
synthetic fuels needs to be explored for sustainable global development. Funda-
mental and applied studies can be carried out using the state-of-the-art optical
diagnosticsystemsandadvancednumericalmodelsforturbulentcombustion.Such
fundamental investigations would result in optimized design of these combustion
systems, which would be more efficient and environment friendly.
The editors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the authors for
submitting their high quality work in a timely manner and revising it their
v
vi Preface
contributions appropriately at a short notice. We would like to express our special
thankstoProf.VaibhavArghode,Prof.AshokeDe,Prof.SatheshMariappan,Prof.
Atul Dhar, Prof. Dhananjay Kumar Srivastava, Prof. Rakesh Kumar Maurya,
Prof. Dr. Malay Karmakar, Prof. Swarnendu Sen, Prof. Swetaprovo Chaudhuri,
Prof. Sreedhara Seshadri, Prof. Achintya Mukhopadhyay, Prof. P.K. Bose, Prof.
Amtava Datta, Prof. Thierry Poinsot, Prof. R.P. Gakkhar, Prof. Sudarshan Kumar,
Prof. William Roberts and Dr. Akhilendra Pratap Singh, who reviewed various
chapters of the monograph and provided their valuable suggestions to improve the
submitted manuscripts, which helped us bring the monograph in the present form.
We acknowledge the support received from various funding agencies and organi-
zations for successful conduct of the ISEES workshop, where these monographs
germinated.TheseincludeDepartmentofScienceandTechnology,Governmentof
India (Special thanks to Dr. Sanjay Bajpai); RITES Ltd., India (Special thanks to
Sh.PradeepGupta);OfficeofNavalResearchGlobal,Singapore(Specialthanksto
Dr. Ramesh Kolar); TSI, India (Special thanks to Dr. Deepak Sharma); Caterpiller
India;AVLIndia;DynomerkControls,India(SpecialthankstoSh.KishoreRaut);
CEI Softwares, India; ESi Group, Pune; BHEL India; and Bosch India.
This monograph is intended for combustion practitioners and we hope that the
bookwouldbeofgreatinteresttotheprofessionals,postgraduatestudentsinvolved
in advanced combustion techniques, experimentation and numerical simulation of
combustionandenvironmentalaspects.Themainobjectiveofthismonographisto
promoteabetterandmoreaccurateunderstandingofcombustioninICenginesand
gas turbines, besides recent advances and challenges in clean combustion systems
and technology.
Kanpur, India Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Kanpur, India Santanu De
Mohali, India Ashok Pandey
Kanpur, India Akhilendra Pratap Singh
Contents
Part I General
Introduction to Combustion for Power Generation
and Transportation. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 3
Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Santanu De, Ashok Pandey
and Akhilendra Pratap Singh
Part II Combustion: Experiments and Simulations
A Review on Autoignition in Laminar and Turbulent
Nonpremixed Flames ... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 11
Sanjeev Kumar Ghai and Santanu De
Langevin Simulation of Turbulent Combustion ... .... .... ..... .... 39
A.G. Nouri, S. Sammak, P.H. Pisciuneri and P. Givi
Numerical Modeling of MILD Combustion at High Pressure
to Predict the Optimal Operating Conditions. .... .... .... ..... .... 55
V. Mahendra Reddy and William L. Roberts
Investigation of Forward and Reverse Flow CDC Combustors.... .... 77
Vaibhav K. Arghode and Ashwani K. Gupta
Global and Local Viewpoints to Analyze Turbulence-Premixed
Flame Interaction .. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 101
Swetaprovo Chaudhuri
Part III Gas Turbines
Pulse Combustor Driven Pressure Gain Combustion for High
Efficiency Gas Turbine Engines.... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 127
Joel C. Lisanti and William L. Roberts
vii
viii Contents
Lean Blowout (LBO) Prediction Through Symbolic Time Series
Analysis.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 153
Swarnendu Sen, Soumalya Sarkar, Rajendra R. Chaudhari,
Achintya Mukhopadhyay and Asok Ray
Theoretical Formulation for the Investigation of Acoustic
and Entropy-Driven Combustion Instabilities in Gas Turbine
Engines .. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 169
Balasubramanian Singaravelu, Sathesh Mariappan and Avijit Saha
Chronology of Dynamic Stall Characteristics Through
Simultaneous PIV and Surface Pressure Measurements .... ..... .... 197
Deepakkumar M. Sharma and Kamal Poddar
Part IV Internal Combustion Engines
Lasers and Optical Diagnostics for Next Generation IC Engine
Development: Ushering New Era of Engine Development... ..... .... 211
Avinash Kumar Agarwal and Akhilendra Pratap Singh
Exergy Destruction Study on Small DI Diesel Engine .. .... ..... .... 261
Veena Chaudhary and R.P. Gakkhar
Impact of Fuel Premixing Ratio and Injection Timing
on Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Engine . .... ..... .... 277
Mohit Raj Saxena and Rakesh Kumar Maurya
Exergy Analysis of Hydrogen-Fueled Spark Ignition Engine
Based on Numerical Investigations . .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 297
Saket Verma, S.C. Kaushik and L.M. Das
Thermodynamic Modelling of Combustion Process in a Spark
Ignition Engine and its Numerical Prediction. .... .... .... ..... .... 317
Vijaya Shree and V. Ganesan
Gasoline Direct Injection—Challenges... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 367
Srinibas Tripathy, Sridhar Sahoo and Dhananjay Kumar Srivastava
Syngas as SI Engine Fuel: Combustion Perspective.... .... ..... .... 381
Atmadeep Bhattacharya and Amitava Datta
Part V Environmental Aspects
Carbon Sequestration and Optimization of Enhanced Oil
and Gas Recovery.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 401
Ramesh K. Agarwal, Razi Safi, James Biagi and Subhodeep Banerjee
Development of an Indigenous Sensor for Sub-micron
Aerosol Monitoring in India.. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 433
Tarun Gupta
About the Editors
Prof.AvinashKumarAgarwal joinedDepartmentof
MechanicalEngineering,IITKanpurin2001.Professor
Agarwal worked at ERC, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, USA as a postdoctoral Fellow (1999–2001).
His areas of interest include IC engines, combustion,
alternative fuels, hydrogen, conventional fuels, lubri-
cating oil tribology, optical diagnostics, laser ignition,
HCCI,emissionandparticulatecontrol,andlarge-bore
engines.Hehaspublishedmorethan200peer-reviewed
international journal and conference papers. He is
associateeditorofASMEJournalofEnergyResources
Technology, and International Journal of Vehicle Sys-
temsModellingandTesting.Hehasedited“Handbook
ofCombustion”(5Volumes;3168pages),publishedby
WileyVCH,Germany. HeisaFellowofSAE(2012),
FellowofASME(2013)andaFellowofINAE(2015).
He is the recipient of Prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhat-
nagar Prize-2016 in EngineeringSciences.
Dr. Santanu De is Assistant Professor in the Depart-
ment of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Kanpur since
December 2014. He received a Bachelor of Engineer-
ing degree from the North Bengal University in 2002,
and an M.Tech. from IIT Kanpur in 2004, both in
Mechanical Engineering. He received his Ph.D. in
Aerospace Engineering from IISc, Bangalore in 2012.
Prior tojoining IITKanpur,heserved for twoyears at
MTUasapostdoctoralresearchassociate,andoneyear
at the University of Stuttgart. His primary areas of
research include numerical modeling of turbulent
ix
x AbouttheEditors
combustion, spray atomization, coal gasification and
combustion. He is Associate Editor of the ‘Journal of
Energy, Environment and Sustainability’.
Prof.AshokPandey isEminentScientistattheCenter
of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB),
Mohali.Hismajorresearchinterestsincludetheareasof
microbial, enzyme and bioprocess technology. He has
to his credit over 1150 publications/communications,
including 16 patents, 50+ books, 140 book chapters,
423 original and review papers, an h index of 78 and
∼25,000GoggleScholarcitations.ProfessorPandeyis
the recipient of several fellowships such as the Fel-
lowships of Royal Society of Biology (UK), Aca-
demician of European Academy of Sciences and Arts,
Germany; ISEES; National Academy of Science
(India); BRSI; and awards such as Thomson Scientific
India Citation Laureate Award, USA; UNESCO Pro-
fessor;RamanResearchFellowshipAward,CSIR;and
GBF, Germany. He is Editor-in-chief of Bioresource
Technology,HonoraryExecutiveAdvisorofJournalof
Water Sustainability and Journal of Energy and Envi-
ronmentalSustainability,SubjecteditorofProceedings
ofNationalAcademyofSciences(India)andserveson
theeditorial board ofseveralother journals.
Dr. Akhilendra Pratap Singh is a CSIR Pool Sci-
entist at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. He
received his Masters and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical
Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, India in 2010 and 2016, respectively. His
areas of interest include advanced low temperature
combustion; optical diagnostics with special reference
toengineendoscopyandPIV;combustiondiagnostics;
engine emissions measurements; particulate character-
ization and their control; and alternative fuels. Dr.
Singh has published 20 peer-reviewed international
journal papers and six peer-reviewed international and
national conference papers. He is a member of pro-
fessionalsocietiessuchasSAE,ASMEandISEES.He
isaneditorialboardmemberofthe‘JournalofEnergy,
Environment and Sustainability’.