Color Atlas of Pathophysiology PDF
Preview Color Atlas of Pathophysiology
Flexibook Color Atlas of Pathophysiology ^ Stefan Silbernagl Florian Lang Illustrationsby Ruediger Gay basic sciences Astried Rothenburger 3rd Edition tV:*? (cid:127)* v7 V . - *(cid:127) (cid:127)L**..1.I V y .(cid:127) A -..v-- 1 \-(cid:127)>irf>v- *(cid:127)(cid:127) (cid:127)- ftONp;Try>,' t--l(cid:127):v SE(cid:127)TV* & *(cid:127)V /1 1 V . ** . fJ V is . 'J t (cid:127)V (cid:127)/ r fiThieme AtaGlance 2 1 Fundamentals 24 2 Temperature,Energy 30 3 Blood 70 4 Respiration,Acid-BaseBalance 100 5 Kidney,SaltandWaterBalance 146 6 Stomach,Intestines,Liver 190 7 HeartandCirculation 258 8 MetabolicDisorders 282 9 Hormones 324 10 NeuromuscularandSensorySystems 388 FurtherReading 391 Index Color Atlas of Pathophysiology 3rdEdition Stefan Silbernagl,MD Professor InstituteofPhysiology UniversityofWurzburg Wurzburg,Germany Florian Lang,MD Professor InstituteofPhysiology UniversityofTubingen Tubingen,Germany 195colorplatesby RudigerGayand AstriedRothenburger Thieme Stuttgart(cid:127)NewYork(cid:127)Delhi(cid:127)RiodeJaneiro LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Thisbookisanauthorizedtranslationofthe isavailablefromthepublisher 4thGermaneditionpublishedandcopyrighted 2013byGeorgThiemeVerlag,Stuttgart,Germany. Translator:GeraldineO’Sullivan,Dublin,Ireland TitleoftheGermanedition:Taschenatlas Pathophysiologie Illustrator:AtelierGay+Rothenburger, Sternenfels,Germany ImportantNote:Medicineisanever-changingsci- enceundergoingcontinualdevelopment.Research 4thGermanedition2013 andclinicalexperiencearecontinuallyexpanding 2ndEnglishedition2010 our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of 1stChineseedition2012(Taiwan) propertreatmentanddrugtherapy.Insofarasthis 3rdFrenchedition2015 bookmentionsanydosageorapplication,readers 2ndCzechedition2012 may rest assured that the authors,editors, and 1stGreekedition2002 publishershavemadeeveryefforttoensurethat 1stIndonesianedition2007 suchreferencesareinaccordancewiththestateof 2ndJapaneseedition2011 knowledgeatthetimeofproductionofthebook. 1stKoreanedition2013 Nevertheless,thisdoesnotinvolve,imply,orex- 1stPolishedition2011 pressanyguaranteeorresponsibilityonthepartof 2ndPortugueseedition(inpreparation) thepublishersinrespectofanydosageinstructions 1stRomanianedition2011 andformsofapplicationsstatedinthebook.Every 1stRussianedition(inpreparation) userisrequestedtoexaminecarefullythemanu- 1stSpanishedition2010 facturers’leafletsaccompanyingeachdrugandto 2ndTurkishedition2010 check,ifnecessaryinconsultationwithaphysician orspecialist,whetherthedosageschedulesmen- ©2016GeorgThiemeVerlagKG tionedthereinorthecontraindicationsstatedby themanufacturersdifferfromthestatementsmade ThiemePublishersStuttgart inthepresentbook.Suchexaminationisparticular- Rudigerstr.14,70469Stuttgart,Germany lyimportantwithdrugsthatareeitherrarelyused +49[0]7118931421 orhavebeennewlyreleasedonthemarket.Every [email protected] dosagescheduleoreveryformofapplicationused isentirelyattheuser’sownriskandresponsibility. ThiemePublishersNewYork Theauthorsandpublishersrequesteveryuserto 333SeventhAvenue,NewYork, reporttothepublishersanydiscrepanciesorinac- NY10001,USA curaciesnoticed.Iferrorsinthisworkarefound +1-800-782-3488 after publication,erratawill be posted at www. [email protected] thieme.comontheproductdescriptionpage. ThiemePublishersDelhi A-12,SecondFloor,Sector-2,Noida-201301 UttarPradesh,India +911204556600 [email protected] ThiemePublishersRio,ThiemePublica^oesLtda. Someoftheproductnames,patents,andregistered EdificioRodolphodePaoli,25°andar designsreferredtointhisbookareinfactregistered Av.NiloPe^anha,50-Sala2508 trademarksorproprietarynameseventhoughspe- RiodeJaneiro20020-906Brasil cificreferencetothisfactisnotalwaysmadeinthe +552131722297/+552131721896 text.Therefore,theappearanceofanamewithout designationasproprietaryisnottobeconstruedas Coverdesign:ThiemePublishingGroup arepresentationbythepublisherthatitisinthe TypesettingbyZiegler+Muller, publicdomain. Kirchentellinsfurt,Germany Thisbook,includingallpartsthereof,islegallypro- tectedbycopyright.Anyuse,exploitationorcom- PrintedinIndiabyManipalTechnologies, mercialization outside the narrow limits set by Karnataka copyrightlegislation,withoutthepublisher’scon- sent,isillegalandliabletoprosecution.Thisap- ISBN9783131165534 5 4321 pliesinparticulartophotostatreproduction,copy- ing, mimeographingor duplication of any kind, Alsoavailableasane-book: translating,preparationofmicrofilms,andelectro- elSBN9783131490636 nicdataprocessingandstorage. PrefacetotheThird Edition Pathophysiology describes the mechanisms Thethird edition oftheAtlaswould again whichleadfromtheprimarycauseviaindivi- have been inconceivable without the great dualmalfunctionstoaclinicalpictureandits commitment,amazingcreativityandoutstand- possible complications. Knowledge of these ing expertise of the graphic designers, Ms. mechanismsservespatientswhen thetaskis AstriedRothenburgerandMr.RudigerGay.We todevelopasuitabletherapy,alleviatesymp- wouldliketoextendourwarmestgratitudeto toms, and avert imminent resultant damage them for their renewed productiveco-opera- causedbythedisease. tion.Ourthanksalsogotoourpublishers,in OuraiminwritingthisAtlasofPathophysiol- particular Ms. Angelika Findgott, Ms. Annie ogywastoaddressstudentsofmedicine,both Hollins, Ms. Joanne Stead, and Mr. Martin priortoandduringtheirclinicaltraining,and Teichmannfortheirexceptionalskillanden- alsoqualifieddoctorsaswellastheirco-work- thusiasmineditingandproducingthe3rdedi- ersin thecaringand therapeutic professions tion of the Atlas.Ms.Katharina Volker once andtoprovidethemwithaclearoverviewin again did a great job during the updatingof wordsand picturesof thecore knowledgeof thesubjectindex,Ms.TanjaLochduringproof- modernpathophysiologyandaspectsofpatho- reading. biochemistry. Wehopethatreaderscontinuetofindinthis Thebookbeginswiththefundamentalsof Atlaswhattheyarelookingfor,thattheyfind thecellgrowthandcelladaptationaswellas thetextandpicturesunderstandable,andthat disordersofsignaltransduction,celldeath,tu- they enjoy using this book throughout their morgrowth,andaging.Itthencoversawide studiesandtheirworkinglife. - rangeofpathomechanismsaffectingtempera turbalance,diseasesof theblood,lungs,kid- WurzburgandTubingen,Germany neys,gastrointestinaltract,heartandcircula- June2015 tion, metabolism including endocrinal ab- normalities, skeletal muscle, the senses, and StefanSilbernaglandFlorianLang theperipheralandcentralnervoussystem.Fol- lowingashortreviewofthefundamentalsof physiology,thecauses,course,symptoms,and arisingcomplicationsofdiseaseprocessesare described along with the pathophysiological basisoftherapeuticintervention. Thebookhasmettheinterestofnumerous readersand thusa third edition has become necessary.The newedition provided us with theopportunitytocriticallyreviewtheformer edition and to include new knowledge. We continuetoappreciateanycriticalcomments andideascommunicatedtousfromthereader- [email protected] ship. [email protected] V Contents Fundamentals S. Sllbernagl and F. Lang 2 Cell Growth and Cell Adaptation ... 2 Abnormalities of Intracellular Signal Transmission ... 6 PI3-Kinase-Dependent SignaiTransduction ... 10 Necrotic Cell Death ··· 12 Apoptotic Cell Death ... 14 Development ofTumor Cells ... 16 Effects ofTumors ... 18 Aging and Life Expectancy · · · 20 Temperature, Energy S. Silbernagl 24 2 Fever ... 24 Hyperthermia, Heat Injuries ... 26 Hypothermia, Cold Injury ... 28 Blood S. Silbernagl 30 3 Overview .. · 30 Erythrocytes ... 32 Erythropoiesis, Anemia ... 32 Erythrocyte Turnover: Abnormalities, Compensation, and Diagnosis .. · 34 Megaloblastic Anemia Due to Abnormalities in DNA Synthesis ... 36 Anemias Due to Disorders of Hemoglobin Synthesis ... 38 Iron Deficiency Anemia .. · 40 Hemolytic Anemias ... 42 Malaria ... 44 Immune Defense .. · 46 Inflammation ... 52 Hypersensitivity Reactions (Allergies) ···56 Autoimmune Diseases .. · 60 Immune Defects .. • 62 Hemostasis and Its Disorders ··· 64 Respiration, Add-Base Balance F. Lang 70 4 Overview ... 70 Ventilation. Perfusion ... 72 Diffusion Abnormalities ... 74 Distribution Abnormalities .. · 76 Restrictive Lung Diseases ... 78 Obstructive Lung Diseases ... 80 VI Pulmonary Emphysema .. · 82 Pulmonary Edema .. · 84 — PathophysiologyofBreathingRegulatio—n 86 — AcuteRespiratoryDistressSyndrome 88 — Hypoxia 90 — Hyperoxia,OxidativeStres—s 92 DevelopmentofAlkalosis 94 DevelopmentofAcidosis 96 — EffectsofAcidosisandAlkalosis 98 Kidney,SaltandWaterBalance F.Lang 100 — — Overview 100 AbnormalitiesofRenalExcretion 102 — PathophysiologyofRenalTransportProce—sses 104 AbnormalitiesofUrinaryC—oncentration 108 PolycysticKidneyDisease 110 — AbnormalitiesofGlomerularFunction 112 — DisordersofGlomerul—arPermselectivity,NephroticSyndrome 114 InterstitialNephritis— 116 AcuteRenalFailure 1—18 — ChronicRenalFailure 120 RenalHypertension 124 — KidneyDiseaseinPregnancy 126 - HepatorenalSyndrome 128 - Urolithiasis 130 — DisordersofWaterandSaltBalance — 132 AbnormalitiesofPotassiumBalance —134 AbnormalitiesofMagnesiumBalan—ce 136 AbnormalitiesofCalciumBalance 1—38 AbnormalitiesofPhosphat—eBalance 140 PathophysiologyofBone 142 Stomach,Intestines,Liver S.Silbernagl 146 — Functionof—theGastrointestinalTract 146 Esophagus 148 — NauseaandVomiting —152 — Gastritis(Gastropathy) 154 — Ulcer 156 Disorders—afterStomachSurgery 160 Diarrhea 162 — MaldigestionandMalabsorption 164— Constipationand(Pseudo-)Obstruction— 168 — ChronicInflammatoryBowelDisease 170 AcutePancreatitis 1—72 ChronicPancrea—titis 174 — CysticFibrosis 176 VII GallstoneDisease(Cholelithiasis) 178 — Jaundice(Icterus)and—Cholestasis 182 PortalHypertension 184 — FibrosisandCirrhosisoftheLive—r 186 LiverFailure(seealsop.184ff.) 188 . HeartandCirculation S Silbernagl 190 — — Overview 190 PhasesofCardiacAction(CardiacCycle) 19—2 OriginandSpreadofExcitation—intheHeart 194 — TheElectrocardiogram(ECG) 198 Abnormalitiesof—CardiacRhythm 200 MitralStenosis 208— MitralRegurgita—tion 210 AorticStenosis 212— — AorticRegurgitation 214 DefectsoftheTricuspidandPulmonaryValves—;CirculatoryShunts 216 ArterialBloodP—ressureandItsMeasurement 220 — Hypertension 222 — PulmonaryHypertension 228 CoronaryCirculation 2—30 CoronaryHeartDisease— 232 MyocardialInfarction 234 - HeartFailure 238— PericardialDiseases 244 Circulato—ryShock -246 Edema 250 — Atherosclerosis 252 NonatheroscleroticD—isturbancesofArterialBloodflow; VenousDiseases 256 . MetabolicDisorders S Silbernagl 258 — — Overview 258 DisordersofAminoAcidMetabolism 258 — DisordersofCarbohydrateMetabolism;Lip—idoses 260 — AbnormalitiesofLipoproteinMetabolism 262 — EnergyHomeostasis,Obesity 266 EatingDisorders 270 - — Gout 272 IronMetabolism,Hemochromatosis —274 CopperMetabolism,Wilson—’sDisease 276 — arAntitrypsinDeficiency 276 Dysproteinemias 278 — HemeSynthesis,Porphyrias 280 VIII Hormones F.Lang 282 — GeneralPathophysiologyofHormones 282 — AbnormalitiesofEndocrineRegulatoryCircuits 284 — AntidiureticHormone 286 — Prolactin 286 Somatotropin — 288 — AdrenocorticalHormones:EnzymeDefectsinProduction 290 — AdrenocorticalHormones:CausesofAbnormalSecretion 292 ExcessAdrenocorticalHormones:Cushing’sDisease — 294 — DeficiencyofAdrenocorticalHormones:Addison’sDisease 296 — CausesandEffectsofAndrogenExcessandDeficiency 298 FemaleSexHormoneSecretion — 300 — EffectsofFemaleSexHormones 302 — Intersexuality 304 — CausesofHypothyroidism,Hyperthyroidism,andGoiter 306 — EffectsandSymptomsofHyperthyroidism 308 — EffectsandSymptomsofHypothyroidism 310 — CausesofDiabetesMellitus 312 — AcuteEffectsofInsulinDeficiency(DiabetesMellitus) 314 — LateComplicationsofProlongedHyperglycemia(DiabetesMellitus) 316 — Hyperinsulinism,Hypoglycemia 318 Histamine,Bradykinin,andSerotonin -320 - Eicosanoids 322 . NeuromuscularandSensorySystems F Lang 324 ^ — Overview 324 — PathophysiologyofNerveCells 326 — Demyelination 328 — DisordersofNeuromuscularTransmission 330 — DiseasesoftheMotorUnitandMuscles 332 — LesionsoftheDescendingMotorTracts 336 — DiseasesoftheBasalGanglia 338 — LesionsoftheCerebellum 342 AbnormalitiesoftheSensorySystem — 344 Pain -346 — DiseasesoftheOpticalApparatusoftheEye 348 — DiseasesoftheRetina 350 AbnormalitiesoftheVisualPathwayandProcessing — ofVisualInformation 352 HearingImpairment — 354 — VestibularSystem,Nystagmus 356 — Olfaction,Taste 356 — DisordersoftheAutonomicNervousSystem 358 IX — LesionsoftheHypothalamus 360 — TheElectr—oencephalogram(EEG) 362 — Epilepsy 364 — SleepDisorders 366 — Consciousness 368 — Aphasia 370 DisordersofMemory 372 — Alzheimer’s—Disease,Dementia 374 Depression 3—76 Schizophrenia 378 — — Dependence,Addiction 380 — CerebrospinalFluid,Blood-BrainBarrier 382 CerebrospinalFluidPressure,CerebralEde—ma 384 DisordersofCerebralBloodFlow,Stroke 386 FurtherReading 388 Index 391 X
The list of books you might like
