Table Of ContentSee 5 ratPa 7 ETEIRES SOME TE W A SETS TTE eN
— : 7 = cp OE eee
Collins English Dictionary
MILLENNIUM EDITION
TRUM CTT ata aT
The Millennium Edition of the Collins English
Dictionary provides the most comprehensive,
wide-ranging, and up-to-date coverage of today’s
SHIM eMC ee me moot |
= encyclopedic facts. It shows language in a way
that makes it clear and relevant to today’s users:
ile
Clearly expressed,
Thousands of and meanings
Full , which cite the century of the
first known occurrence of the word in English
adapted from the International
Phonetic Alphabet
Hundreds of helpful
4 Coverage of English as a ma (ta)
Rede MMeOC Cem Crome elem
Over 18,500 , including
people, places, institutions, and concepts
such as science,
computing, business, arts, and sport
The Millennium Edition of
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oMea
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Pronunciation Key
The symbols used in the pronunciation transcriptions J as in ship (frp), election (t'lekjen), machine (ma'fin),
are those of the International Phonetic Alphabet. The mission (‘majan), pressure (‘prefa), schedule
following consonant symbols have their usual English (‘fedjul), sugar (‘fuge)
values: b, d, f, h, k, 1, m, n, p, r, S, t, v, w, Zz. The
3 as in treasure ('tre3a), azure ('23a), closure (‘klauze),
remaining symbols and their interpretations are listed in
evasion (t'verzen)
the tables below.
_ tf as in chew (tfu:), nature (‘nertfa)
dz as in jaw (d3o:), adjective (‘ed3rktrv), lodge (Ind3),
soldier ('sauldza), usage (‘ju:std3)
: 8 as in thin (6m), strength (stren®), three (Ori:)
ep otsh Soa: 0 as in these (0i:z), bathe (ber), lather (‘la:da)
a: as in father ('fa:da), alms (a:mz), clerk (kla:k), heart 0 asin sing (sm), finger (‘fmga), sling (sim)
(ha:t), sergeant (‘sa:dgant) ° indicates that the following consonant (I or n) is
gas in act (ekt), Caedmon (‘keedmen), plait (plet) syllabic, as in bundle (‘band’l) and button (‘bat'n)
at _as in dive (darv), aisle (axl), guy (gat), might (mart), % as in Scottish loch (Inx). See also below
rye (tat) a1 _as in Scottish aye (e1), bile (bail), byke (bark).
ala as in fire ('fara), buyer (bate), liar (‘lata), tyre (‘tare)
au as in out (aut), bough (bau), crowd (kraud), slouch
(slautf) Foreign Sounds
aua_ as in flour (‘flava), cower ('kava), flower (‘flava),
sour ('sava) The symbols above are also used to represent foreign sounds
€ as in bet (bet), ate (et), bury (bert), heifer (‘hefa), where these are similar to English sounds. However, certain
said (sed), says (sez) common foreign sounds require symbols with markedly
el as in paid (perd), day (det), deign (dem), gauge different values, as follows: 7
(gerd3), grey (gret), neigh (net) a a in French ami, German Mann, Italian pasta: a
ea _as in bear (bea), dare (dea), prayer (prea), stairs sound between English (a) and (a:), similar to the
(steaz), where (wea) vowel in Northern English cat or London cut.
: * 4 : a @as in French bas: a sound made with a tongue
. ae Pk ee position similar to that of English (a:), but shorted |
e éin French été, eh in German sehr, e in Italian che:
I as in pretty (‘pritr), build (brld), busy (‘brzx), nymph ee : :
: ; a sound similar to the first part of the English
; GaN P eae (‘poktt), te (sv), aipaiee biti diphthong (er) in day or to the Scottish vowel in
i as in see (si:), aesthete (‘i:sOi:t), evil (‘i:v’l), magazine day.
ipaago SUD) PeCSiVe (Eh Nh, SESE EE) iin French il, German Idee, Spanish filo, Italian
Ta _as in fear (fta), beer (bia), mere (mua), tier (tia) signor: a sound made with a tongue position similar
j as in yes (jes), onion (‘anjen), vignette (vr'njet) to that of English (i:), but shorter.
D as in pot (pnt), botch (bnt{), sorry (‘sorz) 2 ~—so.in Italian no, French bonne, German Sonne: a _
vowel resembling English (o), but with a higher
nk NOE aa Core et) Sa ae EES tongue position and more rounding of the lips. a
9: a(ihshaiun,) , thsHalowaw (a(6s0l1t)a,u ) ,b ryeoeaod ma(obnr o:(d )‘,j adumreanw)e r (‘dro:a), fault © b0 eigtmwr eeeFanre cnekaE n glriosséh, (Ga: T)a carnmda n ($u:0), IIw titkatallh ii acnl ovseoly craeo us:onudn edd i d? ~
ae lips, similar to the Scottish vowel in so.
or as in void (word), bay (box), destroy (at stron) u —_— ow in French genou, u in German kulant, Spanish
pagan PE ABH SOG LENE, SHOiI LS), Ware puna: a sound made with a tongue position similar
(‘wumen) to that of English (u:), but shorter.
uz as in Zoo (zu:), do (du:), queue (kju:), shoe (fu:), spew y —_u in French tu, ii in German iiber or fiinf: a sound
(spju:), true (tru:), you (ju:) made with a tongue position similar to that of
Ua __as in poor (pua), skewer (skjua), sure (Jua) English (i), but with closely rounded lips.
2 as in potter (‘pota), alone (e'leun), furious @ euin French deux, 6 in German schon: a sound
(‘fjuertas), nation (‘nerjan), the (da) made with the tongue position of (e), but with
3: as in fern (fs:n), burn (bs:n), fir (f3:), learn (Is:n), Sones ee
term (ts:m), worm (ws:m) ce eu in French ceuf, 6 in German zwélf. a sound
made with a tongue position similar to that of
A asin cut (kat), flood (flad), rough (taf), son (san) English (e), but with open rounded lips. k
eihory Yd
ndicates nasalization, as in French un yg in Spanish Juego: a weak (g) made with voiced
friction. :
(vé), blanc (bla).
Buch, j in Spanish Juan. -"
Length
The symbol : denotes length and is shown together with
certain vowel symbols when the vowels are typically long.
panish Habana: a voiced fricative sound
(v), but made by the two lips. Stress
ish Ilamar, gl in Italian consiglio: similar Three grades of stress are shown in the transcriptions by the
)s equence in million, but with the tongue -
presence or absence of marks placed immediately before the
red and the sounds said simultaneously. affected syllable. Primary or strong stress is shown by ',
while secondary or weak stress is shown by ,. Unstressed
French vigne, Italian gnocchi, ft in Spanish syllables are not marked. In photographic (,feute'greefrk),
: similar to the (nj) sequence in onion, but for example, the first syllable carries secondary stress and
the tongue tip lowered and the two sounds said the third primary stress, while the second and fourth are
neously. unstressed.
List of Abbreviations
abbreviation N north(ern)
adjective 4 noun
eii —— adverb(ial) northeast(ern)
2
i cirY _approximate(ly) number
northwest(ern)
:
New Zealand
C14 = 14th century) page
plural
population
pages
preposition(al)
pronoun
point
Received Pronunciation
south(ern)
South African
Scottish, Scots
Southeast(ern)
singular
square cae
southwest(ern)
transitive cs
United States
geen: Ary
volume
west(ern) |
weight
DICTIONARY
General Consultant
J) M Sinclair
Formerly Professor, Department of English Language
and Literature
University of Birmingham
For Australian Edition
G A Wilkes
Challis Professor of English Literature
University of Sydney
W A Krebs
Associate Professor in Literature
and Communications
Bond University, Queensland
AAQANHN
DICTIONARY
dad
ee
HarperCollinsPublishers
HarperCollins Publishers
PO Box, Glasgow G4 ONB
First Edition 1979
Second Edition 1986
Third Edition 1991
Third Edition Updated 1994
Fourth Edition 1998
Reprinted 1998 (twice)
© HarperCollins Publishers 1979, 1986, 1991, 1994, 1998
9.1876 “Sie4 3
Standard Edition ISBN 0 00 470453-3
Thumb-indexed Edition ISBN 0 00 472168-3
Australian Standard Edition ISBN 0 00 472219-1
Australian Thumb-indexed Edition ISBN 0 00 472218-3
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Collins English dictionary.
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ISBN 0 00 472218 3 (thumbed index).
ISBN 0 00 472219 1.
1. English language — Dictionaries. 2. English language —
Australia — Dictionaries. I. Wilkes, G. A. (Gerald Alfred),
1927- . II. Krebs, W. A. (William Alwyn). III. Ramson,
W. S. (William Stanley), 1933- .
423
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