Collaborative Environmental Governance Frameworks-A Practical Guide

211 Pages·2019·9.732 MB·\211

by  Timothy Gieseke (Author)

Collaborative
Environmental
Governance Frameworks
A Practical Guide

Collaborative
Environmental
Governance Frameworks
A Practical Guide
Timothy M. Gieseke
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Contents
Preface ......................................................................................................................xi
Acknowledgments ..............................................................................................xiii
Author .....................................................................................................................xv
1 Introduction .....................................................................................................1
1.1 Wicked Problems ..................................................................................1
1.2 Networks ................................................................................................1
1.3 Communicating to Collaborating .......................................................2
1.4 Hybrid Organizations ..........................................................................2
1.5 Collaborative Paradox ..........................................................................3
1.6 Collaborative Governance ...................................................................3
1.6.1 Collaborative Governance DNA ............................................3
1.6.1.1 Governance Actors ...................................................4
1.6.1.2 Governance Styles and Footprints .........................4
1.7 Sense-Making of Collaborative Governance Frameworks .............4
Section I Something Special Is Happening
2 Entering a Collaborative Era ........................................................................9
2.1 Emergence of Collaborations ...............................................................9
2.2 What Is Collaboration? .......................................................................10
2.2.1 Definitions...............................................................................11
2.2.2 Collaboration as a Continuum of Interaction ....................12
2.2.3 Collaboration as a Process ....................................................14
2.3 Collaborations as a Social Apparatus ..............................................15
2.3.1 Collaboration Forms ..............................................................16
2.3.2 Social Capital ..........................................................................16
2.3.3 Shared Governance ...............................................................17
2.3.4 As a Wicked Issue Resolution Tool .....................................17
2.4 Collaborations as a Living Solution..................................................18
3 Collaborations as Hybrid Organizations ................................................19
3.1 Organizational Definition and Theory ............................................19
3.1.1 Organizational Knowledge ..................................................20
3.1.1.1 Intra-"Organization Knowledge" .........................20
3.1.1.2 Inter-"Organization Knowledge" .........................21
3.1.1.3 Shared Knowledge .................................................22
v
vi Contents
3.2 Organizational Evolution ...................................................................22
3.2.1 Biological Evolutionary Primer ............................................23
3.2.1.1 Genetic Evolution ...................................................23
3.2.1.2 Symbiogenesis ........................................................24
3.2.1.3 Eusociality ...............................................................24
3.2.1.4 Superorganisms ......................................................25
3.2.1.5 Biological and Social Evolution Connection ......26
3.2.2 “Living” Organizations ........................................................26
3.2.2.1 Organizational Evolution ......................................26
3.2.2.2 Organizational Structures ....................................27
3.2.2.3 Organizational Change .........................................28
3.3 Defining Hybrid Organizations ........................................................29
3.3.1 Hybridizing Forces ................................................................29
3.3.1.1 Glocalization ...........................................................30
3.3.1.2 Fragmentation .........................................................31
3.3.1.3 Porous Boundaries, Fuzzy Borders .....................31
3.3.1.4 Border Spanning ....................................................32
3.3.2 Evolution of Hybrid Organizations .....................................32
3.3.2.1 Network Communication .....................................33
3.3.2.2 Coordination ...........................................................34
3.3.2.3 Cooperation .............................................................35
3.3.2.4 Collaboration ...........................................................36
3.4 Describing New Hybrid Organizations ..........................................37
3.4.1 The Nature of a Hybrid Organization ................................37
3.4.2 A Multidimensional Model ..................................................38
3.4.3 Governance Actor and Style Model ....................................38
3.4.4 Governance-Focused Method ..............................................39
4 Preparing to Collaborate .............................................................................41
4.1 When Not to Collaborate ...................................................................41
4.2 When to Consider Collaborating ......................................................41
4.3 The Purpose of Collaborating ...........................................................42
4.4 Factors to Consider Before Collaborating ........................................43
4.4.1 Collaborative Phases .............................................................43
4.4.2 Scope and Context .................................................................44
4.4.3 Purpose ...................................................................................44
4.4.4 Member Selection ..................................................................45
4.4.5 Antecedent Conditions .........................................................45
4.4.6 Motivation ...............................................................................46
4.4.7 Accountability ........................................................................46
4.4.8 Communication ......................................................................46
4.4.9 Perceived Legitimacy ............................................................46
4.4.10 Trust .........................................................................................47
4.4.11 Information Technology .......................................................47
4.4.12 Structure ..................................................................................48
Contents vii
4.4.13 Collaborative Clustering .......................................................48
4.4.14 Governance .............................................................................48
4.5 Governance as a Cornerstone of Collaboration ..............................49
4.5.1 Collaborative Frameworks ....................................................49
4.5.1.1 “Black Box” of Collaboration Processes ..............50
4.5.1.2 Collective Impact Initiatives .................................50
4.5.1.3 Integrated Framework for Collaborative
Governance .............................................................51
4.5.2 Grappling with Collaborative Governance ........................51
4.5.2.1 What is Collaborative Governance? ....................52
4.5.2.2 Managing a Disarticulated State..........................53
4.5.2.3 Sweet Reward? ........................................................53
4.5.2.4 Identifying the First Steps .....................................54
4.5.3 The Collaborative Endgame: Achieving Shared
Governance .............................................................................55
Section II The Science of Collaborative Governance
5 Of Actors and Styles ....................................................................................59
5.1 From Simplicity Comes Complexity ................................................59
5.1.1 Reductionism ..........................................................................59
5.1.2 Systems Thinking and Emergence ......................................60
5.1.2.1 Murmuring Boids ...................................................60
5.1.2.2 Biological DNA .......................................................61
5.1.2.3 Collaborative Governance .....................................61
5.2 Collaborative Governance DNA .......................................................61
5.2.1 Governance Actors ................................................................62
5.2.1.1 Governance Compass ............................................63
5.2.1.2 Four Governance Actor Types ..............................63
5.2.2 Three Governance Styles ......................................................64
5.2.2.1 Hierarchy Governance ..........................................66
5.2.2.2 Market Governance ................................................68
5.2.2.3 Network Governance .............................................69
5.3 Collaborative Governance Emergence .............................................72
6 What Style of Governance Do You “Swim In?” .....................................75
6.1 Governance Style Dimensions ..........................................................75
6.2 Governance Style “Personalities” .....................................................76
6.2.1 Analyzing Person Personalities ...........................................77
6.2.2 Analyzing Governance Style Personalities ........................77
6.2.2.1 Style Assessment ....................................................77
6.3 Governance Footprints .......................................................................79
6.4 The Value of Assessing Styles and Footprints ................................81
6.5 Preparing for Collaborative Governance Ecosystems ...................82
viii Contents
7 Governance Footprints and Frameworks ................................................85
7.1 Governance Footprints .......................................................................85
7.1.1 Individual Actors, Styles, and Footprints ..........................85
7.1.2 Intra-Organizational Actors, Styles, and Footprints ........86
7.1.3 Inter-Organizational Actors, Styles, and Footprints ........86
7.2 Collaborative Governance Paradox ..................................................88
7.2.1 Forming Relationships ..........................................................88
7.2.2 Decision-Making Processes ..................................................89
7.2.3 Achieving Compliance ..........................................................89
7.2.4 Governance Trilemma ...........................................................89
7.2.5 Meta-Governance ...................................................................91
7.2.6 Collaborative Managers as Meta-Governors .....................92
7.3 Collaborative Governance Frameworks ..........................................93
7.3.1 Collaborative Governance Footprints .................................93
7.3.2 Collaborative Governance Frameworks .............................94
7.3.2.1 Collaborative Framework Components ..............96
7.3.2.2 AWQCP Governance Styles, Frameworks,
and Footprints ........................................................98
7.4 Collaborative Governance Shifts ......................................................98
7.4.1 Agriculture and Food Collaboration Shifts .......................99
7.4.1.1 Assessing Three Groups of Collaborations ........99
7.4.1.2 Of Actors, Styles, and Footprints .......................100
7.4.1.3 Plotting Governance ............................................100
7.4.1.4 Governance Shifts ................................................100
7.4.2 Meta-Governance Sense-Making ......................................101
7.4.3 Aligning Governance and “Point of Service” ..................102
Section III Social Complexity and
Three Wicked Case Studies
8 Social Complexity .......................................................................................107
8.1 Complexity Theory ...........................................................................107
8.1.1 Simple and Complicated Systems......................................108
8.1.2 Complex Systems .................................................................108
8.1.3 Ecosystems Are Complex Systems ....................................109
8.2 Dimensions of Social Complexity...................................................109
8.2.1 Emergent Qualities and Effects .........................................110
8.2.2 Self-Organizing Behaviors .................................................110
8.2.3 Collective Intelligence and Identity ..................................111
8.2.4 Networked Communities ...................................................111
8.2.5 Business Ecosystems ...........................................................112
8.2.6 Multi-Sided Platforms .........................................................113
8.2.7 Shared Governance .............................................................114
8.3 Making Order of System Chaos ......................................................115
Contents ix
9 The Nature of Societal Problems ............................................................117
9.1 Kinds of Societal Problems ..............................................................117
9.2 Problem Typology .............................................................................117
9.2.1 Tame Problems .....................................................................118
9.2.2 Wicked Problems .................................................................118
9.2.2.1 Source of Wicked Problems ................................120
9.3 Transdisciplinary Challenges .........................................................124
9.3.1 Disciplinary Evolution Along with Society .....................124
9.3.1.1 Disciplinary Approach ........................................126
9.3.1.2 Multi-Disciplinary Approach .............................126
9.3.1.3 Interdisciplinary Approach ................................126
9.3.1.4 Transdisciplinary Approach ...............................126
9.3.2 Application of Transdisciplinary Approach ....................127
10 The Nature of Three Wicked Case Studies ...........................................129
10.1 DNR CAMP: Wicked Case Study #1 ..............................................130
10.1.1 CAMP Aquifer: Varied Outputs and Outcomes .............130
10.1.2 CAMP Stakeholder Values .................................................131
10.1.3 CAMP Governance Frameworks .......................................131
10.1.4 Benson Area CAMP’s Wicked Issue .................................132
10.2 Ditch 86A: Wicked Case Study Issue #2 ........................................132
10.2.1 Ditch 86A’s Outputs and Outcomes ..................................133
10.2.2 Ditch 86A’s Stakeholder Values ..........................................133
10.2.3 Ditch 86A’s Governance Frameworks ...............................134
10.2.4 Ditch 86A’s Wicked Issue ....................................................134
10.3 AWQCP: Wicked Case Study #3 .....................................................135
10.3.1 AWQCP’s Outputs and Outcomes ....................................135
10.3.2 AWQCP’s Stakeholder Values ............................................135
10.3.3 AWQCP’s Governance Frameworks .................................136
10.3.4 AWQCP’s Wicked Issue ......................................................136
Section IV Designing Collaborative
Governance Frameworks
11 The Nature of Collaborative Governance .............................................139
11.1 The Nature of Governance Actors ..................................................139
11.2 The Nature of Governance Styles ...................................................142
11.3 The Nature of Organizations ..........................................................142
11.4 The Nature of Collaborative Governance ......................................143
11.5 The Nature of Collaborative Governance Ecosystems ................145
12 A Meta-Governor’s Role in Three Wicked Case Studies ...................147
12.1 Setting Up a CAMP Collaboration .................................................148
12.1.1 Community of Actors ..........................................................148
12.1.2 Governance Style Preferences ............................................148