Coherent Optical Wireless Communication Principle and Application

474 Pages·2022·17.64 MB·English

by  Xizheng Ke, Jiali Wu

Optical Wireless Communication Theory and Technology
Xizheng Ke
Jiali Wu
Coherent
Optical Wireless
Communication
Principle and
Application
Optical Wireless Communication Theory and
Technology
Series Editor
Xizheng Ke, School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University
of Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
The book series Optical Wireless Communication Theory and Technology aims to
introduce the key technologies and applications adopted in optical wireless commu-
nication to researchers of communication engineering, optical engineering and other
related majors. The individual book volumes in the series are thematic. The goal
of each volume is to give readers a comprehensive overview of how the theory
and technology in a certain optical wireless communication area can be known. As a
collection, the series provides valuable resources to a wide audience in academia, the
communication engineering research community and anyone else who are looking
to expand their knowledge of optical communication.
·
Xizheng Ke Jiali Wu
Coherent Optical Wireless
Communication Principle
and Application
Xizheng Ke Jiali Wu
School of Automation and Information School of Automation and Information
Engineering Engineering
Xi’an University of Technology Xi’an University of Technology
Xi’an, Shaanxi, China Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
ISSN 2731-5967 ISSN 2731-5975 (electronic)
Optical Wireless Communication Theory and Technology
ISBN 978-981-19-4822-0 ISBN 978-981-19-4823-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4823-7
Jointly published with Science Press
The print edition is not for sale in China mainland. Customers from China mainland please order the print
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Preface
The rapid development of artificial intelligence has resulted in higher requirements
for the communication industry. The optical communication industry is focusing
on larger channel capacities, longer transmission distances, higher data transmis-
sion rates, and better transmission quality. The intensity modulation/direct detection
method adopted by the traditional optical communication technology cannot cope
with this high-speed communication, owing to its limited single-channel bandwidth.
Coherent optical communication is favored by researchers because of its unique
advantages of rich modulation modes, large communication capacity, and high
receiving sensitivity. It can fundamentally improve the selectivity of the receiver
and increase the relay-free transmission distance of optical signals. To achieve more
accurate, effective, and reliable coherent optical communication, breakthroughs are
needed in corresponding key technologies, such as carrier frequency stability, beam
coupling, and the correction of the polarization direction and wavefront distortion of
the signal light at the receiving end.
The book is divided into nine chapters, which provide an overview of optical
wireless coherent detection, coherent optical communication, spatial optical-fiber
coupling and beam control, beam polarization control technology, double-balanced
detection, adaptive optics correction, wavefront sensorless correction, spatial
coherent optical communication wavefront correction of LC-SLM-R, and the influ-
ence of the beam mode on the performance of coherent detection systems. The princi-
ples and key technologies of coherent optical wireless communication are also intro-
duced. Array coupling reception and large aperture coupling are proposed for spatial
optical coupling. To improve the mixing efficiency of coherent detection receivers,
signal optical polarization control and adaptive optics technology are proposed.
This book is a result of the dedicated efforts of the author and his graduate students,
from the Optoelectronic Technology Research Center of Xi’an University of Tech-
nology. The author and his graduate students have conducted a considerable amount
of theoretical research and a number of experiments on the coherent optical wire-
less communication in recent years. Their efforts have contributed to the further
development of optical wireless communication technology.
v
vi Preface
The related work of this book has been supported by the Shaanxi Provincial
Key R&D Program (Key Industrial Innovation Chain) Project (2017ZDCXL-GY-
06-01), the research plan project of the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education
(18JK0341) and the Xi’an science and technology plan project (2020KJRC0083).
This book is a preliminary summary of the research conducted by the author on
coherent optical wireless communication. Due to the limited knowledge of the author,
there may be some inevitable inconsistencies in the book. Readers are welcome to
suggest corrections.
Xi’an, China Xizheng Ke
Spring 2022 Jiali Wu
Introduction
This book focuses on optical wireless communication. It introduces beam coupling,
polarization control, and wavefront correction of signal light in detail. Further, it
discusses the basic principles and heterodyne detection conditions of coherent optical
communication, space optical-fiber coupling by array coupling reception, and large
aperture coupling. The use of simulated annealing, particle swarm optimization, and
single particle swarm optimization algorithms for controlling the polarization state
of signal light is discussed. The stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm, adap-
tive optics correction, liquid-crystal spatial light modulation for signal light wave-
front distortion correction, and the influence of beam modes on coherent detection
performance are also discussed. This book provides both theoretical deductions and
experimental results, which can enhance the reader’s understanding of the theories
presented herein.
This book is suitable for engineering and technical personnel, college and univer-
sity teachers, graduate students and undergraduate students in their final year, who
are engaged in the field of optical wireless communication.
vii
Contents
1 Optical Wirelss Coherent Detection: An Overview ................. 1
1.1 Optical Wireless Coherent Communication ..................... 1
1.2 Optical Wireless Communication: Development Status ........... 2
1.3 Research Status at Home and Abroad .......................... 4
1.3.1 Inter-Satellite Coherent Optical Detection ............... 5
1.3.2 Coherent Optical Detection in Optical Fiber
Communication ...................................... 9
1.3.3 Free-Space Coherent Detection Communication
System ............................................. 12
1.4 Research Status on Factors Affecting Performance
of Free-Space Coherent Detection Systems ..................... 23
1.5 Research Status on Factors Affecting Partially Coherent
Beam Coherent Detection System ............................. 26
1.6 Research Status of Wavefront Correction ....................... 27
1.6.1 Research Status of Atmospheric Turbulence
Compensation Technology ............................ 27
1.6.2 Research Status of Wavefront Correction Technology
Abroad ............................................. 28
1.6.3 Domestic Research Status of Wavefront Correction
Technology ......................................... 29
References ..................................................... 32
2 Coherent Optical Communication ............................... 43
2.1 Basic Principles of Coherent Optical Communication ............ 44
2.1.1 Fundamentals ....................................... 44
2.1.2 Homodyne Detection ................................. 46
2.1.3 Heterodyne Detection ................................ 48
2.1.4 Detection of an Amplitude Modulated Signal ............ 48
2.2 Coherent Modulation and Demodulation ....................... 50
2.2.1 Optical Modulation ................................... 50
2.2.2 Coherent Demodulation ............................... 51
ix
x Contents
2.2.3 System Performance .................................. 56
2.3 Factors Affecting Detection Sensitivity ........................ 58
2.3.1 Phase Noise ......................................... 58
2.3.2 Intensity Noise ...................................... 58
2.3.3 Polarization Noise ................................... 59
2.3.4 Key Technologies of Coherent Optical
Communication Systems .............................. 59
2.4 Spatial Phase Conditions for Optical Heterodyne Detection ....... 59
2.4.1 Spatial Phase Difference Conditions .................... 59
2.4.2 Frequency Conditions ................................ 63
2.4.3 Polarization Conditions ............................... 64
2.5 Homodyne Detection and Heterodyne Detection ................ 65
2.5.1 Homodyne Coherent Detection ........................ 67
2.5.2 Heterodyne Detection ................................ 68
2.6 Composition of Heterodyne Detection System .................. 69
2.6.1 Wavefront Correction Module ......................... 70
2.6.2 Polarization Control Module ........................... 73
2.6.3 Laser Frequency Stabilization Module .................. 76
2.6.4 Balanced Detection Module ........................... 78
2.6.5 Coherent Demodulation Module ....................... 80
2.7 Performance Analysis of Heterodyne Detection System .......... 81
2.7.1 Signal to Noise Ratio and Detection Sensitivity
of Heterodyne Detection System ....................... 81
2.7.2 Performance Analysis of Heterodyne Detection
System Under Ideal Conditions ........................ 86
2.7.3 Performance of Heterodyne Detection System
with Optical Alignment Error .......................... 89
2.8 Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Bit Error Rate and Detection Sensitivity ... 95
2.8.1 Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Direct Detection
and Heterodyne Detection ............................. 95
2.8.2 Bit Error Rate of Direct Detection and Heterodyne
Detection ........................................... 99
2.8.3 Analysis of Detection Sensitivity of Direct
and Heterodyne Detection ............................. 101
2.9 Influence of Wavefront Distortion on Spatial Coherent
Optical Communication ..................................... 104
2.9.1 Principle of Wavefront Distortion ....................... 104
2.9.2 The Effect of Wavefront Distortion ..................... 108
References ..................................................... 111
3 Spatial Light to Fiber Coupling and Beam Control ................ 115
3.1 Space Optical-Fiber Coupling Technology ..................... 116
3.1.1 Ideal Lens–Single-Mode Fiber Coupling ................ 117
3.1.2 Gaussian Beam Coupling ............................. 123