Cognitive Radio Networks: Efficient Resource Allocation in Cooperative Sensing, Cellular Communications, High-Speed Vehicles, and Smart Grid

143 Pages·2015·4.6 MB·English

by  Tao Jiang

Digital & Wireless Communication Ji Cognitive Radio
a
n
g
Resource allocation is an important issue in wireless communication networks. In •

recent decades, cognitive radio-based networks have garnered increased attention W
and have been well studied to overcome the problem of spectrum scarcity in future a
n Networks
wireless communications systems. Many new challenges in resource allocation g

appear in cognitive radio-based networks. This book focuses on effective resource •

C
allocation solutions in several important cognitive radio-based networks, including
a
o
opportunistic spectrum access networks, cooperative sensing networks, cellular
networks, high-speed vehicle networks, and smart grids.
Efficient Resource Allocation
Cognitive radio networks are composed of cognitive, spectrum-agile devices capable
of changing their configuration on the fly based on the spectral environment. This
capability makes it possible to design flexible and dynamic spectrum access strategies in Cooperative Sensing, Cellular
with the purpose of opportunistically reusing portions of the spectrum temporarily
C
vacated by licensed primary users. Different cognitive radio-based networks focus on Communications, High-Speed
O
different network resources, such as transmission slots, sensing nodes, transmission
power, white space, and sensing channels. G Vehicles, and Smart Grid
N
This book introduces several innovative resource allocation schemes for different I
T
cognitive radio-based networks according to their network characteristics:
I
V
• Opportunistic spectrum access networks – Introduces a probabilistic slot
E
allocation scheme to effectively allocate the transmission slots to secondary
Tao Jiang
R
users to maximize throughput
A
• Cooperative sensing networks – Introduces a new adaptive collaboration
D Zhiqiang Wang
sensing scheme in which the resources of secondary users are effectively
I
utilized to sense the channels for efficient acquisition of spectrum opportunities O
Yang Cao
• Cellular networks – Introduces a framework of cognitive radio-assisted
N
cooperation for downlink transmissions to allocate transmission modes, relay
E
stations, and transmission power/sub-channels to secondary users to maximize
T
throughput
W
• High-speed vehicle networks – Introduces schemes to maximize the utilized
O
TV white space through effective allocation of white space resources to
secondary users R
K
• Smart grids – Introduces effective sensing channel allocation strategies for
S
acquiring enough available spectrum channels for communications between
utility and electricity consumers
K25569
6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW
Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487
ISBN: 978-1-4987-2113-4
711 Third Avenue
New York, NY 10017 90000
an informa business
2 Park Square, Milton Park
www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK
9 781498 721134
w w w. c r c p r e s s . c o m
K25569 cvr mech.indd 1 2/25/15 11:50 AM

Cognitive Radio
Networks
Efficient Resource Allocation
in Cooperative Sensing, Cellular
Communications, High-Speed
Vehicles, and Smart Grid
OTHER COMMUNICATIONS BOOKS FROM AUERBACH
Analytical Evaluation of Nonlinear Distortion Network Innovation through OpenFlow and SDN:
Effects on Multicarrier Signals Principles and Design
Theresa Araújo Edited by Fei Hu
ISBN 978-1-4822-1594-6 ISBN 978-1-4665-7209-6
Architecting Software Intensive Systems:
Neural Networks for Applied Sciences and
A Practitioners Guide
Engineering: From Fundamentals to Complex
Anthony J. Lattanze
Pattern Recognition
ISBN 978-1-4200-4569-7
Sandhya Samarasinghe
Cognitive Radio Networks: Efficient Resource
ISBN 978-0-8493-3375-0
Allocation in Cooperative Sensing, Cellular
Rare Earth Materials: Properties and Applications
Communications, High-Speed Vehicles,
and Smart Grid A.R. Jha
Tao Jiang, Zhiqiang Wang, and Yang Cao ISBN 978-1-4665-6402-2
ISBN 978-1-4987-2113-4 Requirements Engineering for Software and
Complex Networks: An Algorithmic Perspective Systems, Second Edition
Kayhan Erciyes Phillip A. Laplante
ISBN 978-1-4665-7166-2 ISBN 978-1-4665-6081-9
Data Privacy for the Smart Grid Security for Multihop Wireless Networks
Rebecca Herold and Christine Hertzog
Edited by Shafiullah Khan and Jaime Lloret Mauri
ISBN 978-1-4665-7337-6
ISBN 9781466578036
Generic and Energy-Efficient Context-Aware
Software Testing: A Craftsman’s Approach,
Mobile Sensing
Fourth Edition
Ozgur Yurur and Chi Harold Liu
Paul C. Jorgensen
ISBN 978-1-4987-0010-8
ISBN 978-1-46656068-0
Machine-to-Machine Communications:
Architectures, Technology, Standards, and The Future of Wireless Networks: Architectures,
Applications Protocols, and Services
Vojislav B. Misic and Jelena Misic Edited by Mohesen Guizani, Hsiao-Hwa Chen,
ISBN 978-1-4665-6123-6 and Chonggang Wang
Managing the PSTN Transformation: ISBN 978-1-4822-2094-0
A Blueprint for a Successful Migration to The Internet of Things in the Cloud:
IP-Based Networks A Middleware Perspective
Sandra Dornheim
Honbo Zhou
ISBN 978-1-4987-0103-7
ISBN 978-1-4398-9299-2
MIMO Processing for 4G and Beyond:
The State of the Art in Intrusion Prevention
Fundamentals and Evolution
and Detection
Edited by Mário Marques da Silva and
Al-Sakib Khan Pathan
Francisco A. Monteiro
ISBN 978-1-4822-0351-6
ISBN 978-1-4665-9807-2
Mobile Evolution: Insights on Connectivity ZigBee® Network Protocols and Applications
and Service Edited by Chonggang Wang, Tao Jiang,
Sebastian Thalanany and Qian Zhang
ISBN 978-1-4822-2480-1 ISBN 978-1-4398-1601-1
AUERBACH PUBLICATIONS
www.auerbach-publications.com
To Order Call: 1-800-272-7737 • Fax: [phone] • E-mail: [e-mail]
Cognitive Radio
Networks
Efficient Resource Allocation
in Cooperative Sensing, Cellular
Communications, High-Speed
Vehicles, and Smart Grid
Tao Jiang
Zhiqiang Wang
Yang Cao
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20150129
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-2114-1 (eBook - PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable
efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot
assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and
publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication
and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any
copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any
future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced,
transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information stor-
age or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copy-
right.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that pro-
vides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photo-
copy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
AbouttheAuthors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 CognitiveRadio-BasedNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 OpportunisticSpectrumAccessNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 CognitiveRadioNetworkswithCooperativeSensing . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 CognitiveRadioNetworksforCellularCommunications . . . . . . 8
1.5 CognitiveRadioNetworksforHigh-SpeedVehicles . . . . . . . . 10
1.6 CognitiveRadioNetworksforaSmartGrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.7 ContentandOrganization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 TransmissionSlotAllocationinanOpportunisticSpectrumAccess
Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1 Single-UserSingle-ChannelSystemModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2 ProbabilisticSlotAllocationScheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3 OptimalProbabilisticSlotAllocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.1 BaselinePerformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.2 ExponentialDistribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.3 Hyper-ErlangDistribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4 PerformanceAnalysisandEvaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.4.1 ImpactofSensingErrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.4.2 ImpactofUnknownPrimaryUserIdlePeriodDistribution . 26
2.4.3 PerformanceComparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Appendix2-A:DerivationofT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
k
Appendix2-B:DerivationofPC1,1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
k
v
vi (cid:4) Contents
Appendix2-C:DerivationofT1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
k
3 SensingNodeAllocationinaCognitiveRadioNetworkwith
CooperativeSensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.1 Multi-UserMulti-ChannelSystemModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.2 AdaptiveCollaborationSensingScheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.2.1 BasicIdea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.2.2 SequentialProbabilityRatioTest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.2.3 OptimalSensingNodeAllocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.3 PerformanceEvaluationandAnalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Appendix3-A:ProofofL(t ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
ik
Ui
Appendix3-B:DerivationofP ∑ Tik<lnη0 ξi . . . . . . . . . . . 53
−
(cid:18)k=1 (cid:19)
4 TransmissionPowerAllocationinaCognitiveRadioNetwork. . . . . 57
4.1 CognitiveRadio-AssistedCooperationFramework . . . . . . . . . 58
4.2 OptimalTransmissionPowerAllocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.2.1 Cross-LayerOptimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.2.2 PowerConstraintElimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4.2.3 ThroughputMaximization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.3 PerformanceAnalysisandEvaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4.3.1 SimulationScenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4.3.2 PerformanceComparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.3.3 ImpactoftheCellPopulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.3.4 ImpactofthePrimaryUserTrafficLoad . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5 WhiteSpaceAllocationinaCognitiveRadio-BasedHigh-SpeedVehicle
Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.1 ACognitiveRadio-BasedHigh-SpeedVehicleNetwork . . . . . . 76
5.1.1 SystemModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5.1.2 PathLossModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
5.1.3 AvailableChannelList . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5.1.4 SpectrumSharingList . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5.2 MaximizationofUtilizedWhiteSpace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5.2.1 SeparationComputing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.2.2 BranchandBoundSearchMethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
5.2.3 Single-ChannelMethodwithLowComplexity . . . . . . . 89
5.2.4 LinearProgrammingMethodwithLowComplexity . . . . 90
5.3 PerformanceAnalysisandEvaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
5.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Contents (cid:4) vii
6 Sensing ChannelAllocationinaCognitiveRadioNetworkforaSmart
Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
6.1 ElectricityLoadShapingFramework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
6.1.1 SmartGridModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
6.1.2 TheCognitiveRadioNetworkModel . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
6.2 SensingChannelAllocationandLoadShapingStrategies . . . . . . 106
6.2.1 SensingChannelAllocationStrategies . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
6.2.2 LoadShapingStrategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.3 PerformanceAnalysisandEvaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
6.3.1 PerformanceofSensingChannelAllocation . . . . . . . . . 109
6.3.2 PerformanceofElectricityLoadShaping . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127