Cognitive Psychophysiology: Event-Related Potentials and the Study of Cognition: The Carmel Conferences Volume I

451 Pages·2022·29.771 MB·English

by  Emanuel Donchin

Psychology Revivals
Cognitive Psychophysiology: Event-Related
Potentials and the Study of Cognition
Originally published in 1984, Cognitive Psychophysiology: Event-related Potentials
and the Study of Cognition is the first volume to come out of The Carmel Con-
ferences: designed to examine in detail the assertion that the endogenous
components of the Event-Related Brain Potential (ERP) can serve as a tool in
the analysis of cognition. The intent of this book was to examine on a rather
broad front the claims of cognitive psychophysiology to a niche in the domain
of cognitive science. Discussions included: selective attention; the ERP and
decision and memory processes; preparatory processes; mental chronometry;
perceptual processes; individual differences and clinical applications. It pro-
vides an interesting snapshot of the status of ERP research just as it was
venturing assertively into cognitive science.

Cognitive Psychophysiology:
Event-Related Potentials and the
Study of Cognition
The Carmel Conferences Volume I
Edited by
Emanuel Donchin
Firstpublishedin1984
byLawrenceErlbaumAssociates,Inc.
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ALibraryofCongressrecordexistsunderISBN:0898591503
ISBN:978-1-032-33108-9(hbk)
ISBN:978-1-003-31827-9(ebk)
ISBN:978-1-032-33122-5(pbk)
BookDOI10.4324/9781003318279
COGNITIVE
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
Event-Related Potentials
and the Study of Cognition
The Carmel Conferences
Volume I
Edited by
Emanuel Donchin
University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign
LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS
1984 Hillsdale, New Jersey London
Copyright © 1984 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in
any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other
means, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers
365 Broadway
Hillsdale, New Jersey 07642
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Cognitive psychophysiology.
Consists of the rev. and updated proceedings of a
workshop entitled: Event-related brain potentials as
tools in the study of cognitive function, held in
Carmel, Calif., Jan 9-13, 1979, and sponsored by the
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Cognition—Physiological aspects—Congresses.
2. Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology)—Congresses.
3. Neuropsychology—Congresses. I. Donchin, Emanuel.
II. Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. III. Title: Event-related
brain potentials as tools in the study of cognitive
function. [DNLM: 1. Attention—physiology—congresses.
2. Evoked Potentials—congresses. 3. Mental Processes—
physiology—congresses. WL 102 C676]
BF311.C55193 1984 153 84-8155
ISBN 0-89859-150-3
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21
Contents
Preface ix
List of Participants xiii
Charge to Panels xvii
1. Recording and Interpreting Event-Related Potentials 1
Truett Allison
1.1. Phrenology and Electrophrenology: It Takes a Lot of Gall
to Record Event-Related Potentials 1
1.2. Electrogenesis: A Brief Summary 3
1.3. The Origins of ERP Components 20
1.4. Discussion 30
2. Current Research in the Study of Selective Attention 37
Michael I. Posner
2.1. Introduction 37
2.2. Selective Attention 38
2.3. Conclusion and Discussion 45
3. Event-Related Potentials and Selective Attention 51
Steven A. Hillyard
V
Vi CONTENTS
3.1. The ERP, Its Structure and Use 51
3.2. The Cocktail Party Effect and the Nl 55
3.3. Stimulus Set and Response Set 61
3.4. Discussion 70
4. Report of Panel I: Selective Attention 73
M. Posner (chair), R. Harter, S. Hilly ard, A. Treisman
5. Dissociation Between Electrophysiology and Behavior—A
Disaster or a Challenge? 107
Emanuel Donchin
5.1. Introduction: In Praise of Dissociation 107
5.2. The ERPs Elicited by Rhyming Words 109
5.3. The Amplitude of P300 110
5.4. The Latency of P300 114
6. Theories and Models in Cognitive Psychology 119
Donald A. Norman
6.1. Introduction 119
6.2. Some Simple Psychological Theories 120
6.3. Attentional Limitations 129
6.4. Some Comments on Memory Structure 130
6.5. Summary and Discussion 131
7. Report of Panel II: The ERP and Decision and Memory Processes 139
T. Picton (chair), E. Donchin, J. Ford, D. Kahneman, D. Norman
7.1. The Data Base on P300 139
7.2. Stimulus Evaluation Time and P300 141
7.3. Subjective Probability and P300 145
7.4. Decision Theory and ERPs 156
7.5. World Models, Schemas, and ERPs 167
7.6. Controlled Processing and P300 173
8. Report of Panel HI: Preparatory Processes 179
W. Ritter (chair), S. Kelso, M. Kutas, R. Shiffrin
8.1. Survey of Event Preceding Negativities 179
8.2. Subcomponents of the Contingent Negative
Variation 191
8.3. Considerations from a Theory of Movement 201
CONTENTS Vii
9. The Timing of Mental Acts 221
William Chase
9.1. Bonders and Mental Chronometry 221
9.2. Steinberg and Additive Factors 224
9.3. The Verification Process 227
9.4. The Quantification Process 235
9.5. Discussion 243
10. Report of Panel IV: Mental Chronometry 249
W. Chase (chair), G. McCarthy, K. Squires, R. Schvaneveldt
10.1. Introduction 249
10.2. The Latency of P300 251
10.3. Stimulus Evaluation Time and P300 Latency 254
11. ERPs and Psychophysics 303
David Regan
11.1. Introduction: Sensory Channels and ERPs 303
11.2. Experimental Demonstrations 305
11.3. Discussion 312
12. Report of Panel V: Perceptual Processes 317
D. Regan (chair), T. Allison, L. Cooper, S. Palmer
12.1. Conflicts Between Visual Psychophysics and ERPs 317
12.2. The Somesthetic ERP and the Perception of Stimulus
Intensity 321
12.3. Representations: Ideas for Experiments 325
13. Report of Panel VI: Individual Differences and Clinical
Applications 339
M. Oscar-Berman (chair), E. Callaway, N. Squires, E. Zaidel
13.1. Introduction 339
13.2. A Tutorial Survey: Neuropsychology 339
13.3. ERPs and Diminished Mental Functioning 343
13.4. Hyperkinesis and ERPs 353
13.5. Korsakoff s Disease 358
13.6. Some Plans and Paradoxes in the Interface of Behavioral
and ERP Indices of Hemispheric Asymmetries 370