Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: 100 Key Points and Techniques

269 Pages·2014·0.99 MB·English

by  Michael Neenan

COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY
In the last three decades cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been
applied to an ever-increasing number of problems (including anxiety
disorders, substance abuse and eating disorders) and populations
(children, adolescents and older people). The National Institute for
Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends CBT as the first line
treatment in the NHS for tackling a wide range of psychological
disorders.
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: 100 Key Points and Techniques is a
crisp, concise elaboration of the 100 main features of this very popular
and evidence-based approach within the field of psychotherapy. The
100 key points and techniques cover CBT theory as well as practice.
Divided into helpful sections, topics covered include:
• misconceptions about CBT • ways of detecting and
• teaching the cognitive answering negative
model automatic thoughts (NATs)
• assessment and case • behavioural experiments
conceptualization • intermediate and core beliefs
• homework (self-help • relapse management
assignments) • third wave CBT.
For the second edition of this book, Michael Neenan and Windy Dryden
have revised and updated many of the points and several new ones have
been added. This neat, usable book is an essential guide for
psychotherapists and counsellors, both trainee and qualified, who need
to ensure they are entirely familiar with the key features of CBT as part
of a general introduction to the current major psychotherapies.
Michael Neenan is Associate Director of the Centre for Stress
Management and Centre for Coaching, Blackheath, and a BABCP
accredited cognitive behavioural therapist. He has written and edited
over 20 books.
Windy Dryden is Professor of Psychotherapeutic Studies at
Goldsmiths College, University of London and is an international
authority on rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT). He has
worked in psychotherapy for more than 30 years and is the author
and editor of over 200 books.
100 Key Points and Techniques
Series Editor: Windy Dryden
ALSO IN THIS SERIES:
COGNITIVE THERAPY: 100 KEY POINTS AND
TECHNIQUES
Michael Neenan and Windy Dryden
RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY: 100 KEY
POINTS AND TECHNIQUES
Windy Dryden and Michael Neenan
FAMILY THERAPY: 100 KEY POINTS AND TECHNIQUES
Mark Rivett and Eddy Street
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS: 100 KEY POINTS AND
TECHNIQUES
Mark Widdowson
PERSON-CENTRED THERAPY: 100 KEY POINTS
Paul Wilkins
GESTALT THERAPY: 100 KEY POINTS AND TECHNIQUES
Dave Mann
INTEGRATIVE THERAPY: 100 KEY POINTS AND
TECHNIQUES
Maria Gilbert and Vanja Orlans
SOLUTION FOCUSED BRIEF THERAPY: 100 KEY POINTS
AND TECHNIQUES
Harvey Ratner, Evan George and Chris Iveson
COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY: 100 KEY POINTS
AND TECHNIQUES, 2ND EDITION
Michael Neenan and Windy Dryden
COGNITIVE
BEHAVIOUR THERAPY
100 KEY POINTS
AND TECHNIQUES
SECOND EDITION
michael neenan and windy dryden
ROUTLEDGE RTayoloru &t Flreandcisg Geroup
LONDON AND NEW YORK
Second edition published 2015
by Routledge
27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex, BN3 2FA
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2015 Michael Neenan and Windy Dryden
The right of Michael Neenan and Windy Dryden to be identified as author
of this work has been asserted by him/her in accordance with sections 77
and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
First edition published by Brunner-Routledge 2004
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the
British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Neenan, Michael.
Cognitive behaviour therapy : 100 key points and techniques / Michael
Neenan and Windy Dryden. – Second edition.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-0-415-74335-8 (hardback) – ISBN 978-0-415-74336-5 (pbk.) –
ISBN 978-1-315-76247-0 (ebook) 1. Cognitive therapy. I. Dryden, Windy.
II. Title.
RC489.C63N45 2014
616.89’1425–dc23
2014004355
ISBN: 978-0-415-74335-8 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-415-74336-5 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-76247-0 (ebk)
Typeset in Aldus LT Std
by Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby
To Laurence for his steadfast support and loyalty
– M. N.
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CONTENTS
Preface xii
Part 1
CBT THEORY 1
1 It is not events per se that determine our
feelings but the meanings that we attach to
these events 3
2 Information processing becomes distorted
when we experience emotional distress 5
3 An emotional disorder is usually understood
by examining three levels of thinking 7
4 Thoughts, feelings, behaviour, physiology
and environment are interconnected 10
5 Emotional reactions to events are viewed
along a continuum 12
6 Emotional disorders have a specific cognitive
content 14
7 Cognitive vulnerability to emotional
disturbance 16
8 Our thoughts and beliefs are both knowable
and accessible 18
9 Acquisition of emotional disturbance 20
10 Maintenance of emotional disturbance 22
11 The client as personal scientist 24
Part 2
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT CBT 27
12 Only articulate and intelligent clients can
really benefit from CBT 29
vii
viii CONTENTS
13 CBT does not focus on feelings 30
14 CBT is basically positive thinking 32
15 CBT seems too simple 34
16 CBT is little more than symptom relief 36
17 CBT is not interested in the client’s past or
childhood experiences 38
18 CBT does not make use of the relationship as
a means of client change 40
19 CBT is not interested in the social and
environmental factors that contribute to
clients’ problems 42
20 CBT is just the application of common sense
to clients’ problems 44
21 CBT is just technique-oriented 46
Part 3
CBT PRACTICE 49
Getting started
22 Setting the scene 51
23 Undertaking an assessment 54
24 Assessing client suitability for CBT 57
25 Structuring the therapy session 60
26 Setting the agenda 62
27 Drawing up a problem list 64
28 Agreeing on goals 66
29 Teaching the cognitive model 68
30 Developing a case conceptualization 71
31 Developing treatment plans 75
Ways of detecting NATs
32 Detecting NATs 77
33 Guided discovery 80
34 Using imagery 83
35 Making suggestions 85
36 In-session emotional changes 87
CONTENTS ix
37 Finding the thoughts by ascertaining the
client’s idiosyncratic meaning of the event 89
38 Focusing on feelings 91
39 Assuming the worst 93
40 Situational exposure 95
41 Role play 97
42 Analyzing a specific situation 99
43 NATs in shorthand 101
44 Symptom induction 103
45 Behavioural assignments 105
46 Eliciting key NATs from less important
cognitive data 107
47 Separating situations, thoughts and feelings 110
48 Distinguishing between thoughts and feelings 113
Examining and responding to NATs
49 Answering back 115
50 Weighing the evidence 117
51 Constructing alternative explanations 120
52 Identifying cognitive distortions 122
53 Looking at the advantages and
disadvantages 124
54 Defining terms 127
55 Reattribution 129
56 Decatastrophizing 131
57 Exploring double standards 134
58 Modifying fearful imagery 136
59 Behavioural experiments 138
60 Socratic questioning (a method of guided
discovery) 141
61 Exaggeration and humour 144
62 Writing down alternative responses to NATs 146
Homework
63 Rationale for homework 149
64 Types of homework assignment 151