Cognition and Motor Processes PDF
Preview Cognition and Motor Processes
Cognition and Motor Processes Edited by W Prinz and A F. Sanders With Contributions by D.A Allport P. Bach-y-ruta RB. Freeman,Jr. D. Gopher L. Hay H. Heuer B.G. Hughes H.H. Kornhuber D.M. MacKay G.W McConkie D.J.K Mewhort O.Neumann RWPew H.L.Pick WPrinz D.A Rosenbaum E. Saltzman AF. Sanders E. Scheerer WL. Shebilske G.B. Stelmach C. Trevarthen P. Wolff D.Zola With 34 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo 1984 Professor Dr. WOLFGANG PRINZ Abteilung fUr Experimentelle und Angewandte Psycho1ogie, UniversiHit Bielefeld, Postfach 8640, 4800 Bielefeld 1, Federal Republic of Germany Professor Dr. ANDRIES F. SANDERS Institute for Perception TNO, Postbus 23, Kampweg 5, 3'769 DE Soesterberg, The Netherlands ISBN-13: 978-3-642-69384-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-69382-3 001: 10 .1007/978-3-642-69382-3 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Main entry under title: Cognition and motor processes. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Cognition. 2. Motor ability. I. Prinz, Wolfgang. II. Sanders, A. F. (Andries Frans), 1933-. BF311.C548 1984 153 83-20173 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 ofthe German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to "Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich. © by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1984 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1984 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. 2126/3130-543210 Preface The issue of the relationship between cognition and motor processes can be - and has been - raised at different levels of analysis. At the neurophysiological level it refers to the interactions between afferent and efferent information. At the neurological and neuropsychological level it relates to the mutual dependencies between the sensory and the motor part of the brain, or, more precisely, between sensory and motor functions of various parts of the brain. In psychology, the issue under debate concerns, at a molecular level, the relationship between percep tion and movement or, at a more molar level, the relations between cognition and action. For the title of this book we deliberately decided to combine two terms that are taken from two of these levels ,in order to emphasize both the multilevel structure of the issues involved and the multidis ciplinary nature of the following contributions. Although the term "cognition" has been tremendously misused in recent years (at least in psychology), it is still the only term available to serve as a convenient collective name for all sorts of cognitive processes and functions. The book is divided into five sections each of which is devoted to a particular sub-issue of the field. The first two sections are on cogni tive contributions to motor control and action planning (I) and on motor contributions to perception and cognition (II). Whereas the first of these two topics has always been included in the traditional scope of the disciplines concerned, the second sub-issue, which traces the less familiar path from efferent to afferent information and thereby reverses the usual direction of inquiry, has often been neglected. This is probably due to the bottom-up oriented approach, which has come to dominate our understanding of the structure of organisms as a con sequence of the general prevalence of empiristic and, particularly, sensualistic doctrines in scientific thinking. The_ subsequent sections deal with structures and processes that mediate between cognitive and motor processes in general (III) and with the relative merits of various types of models of attention and skilled performance in particular (IV). In the last section interactions between cognitive and motor functions are considered in development (V). As it is sometimes assumed that sensory and motor functions are more closely related to and less dissociated from each other in earlier VI Preface than in later stages of development, the developmental perspective should playa crucial role for building theories about the links between cognition and motor processes. In each section the reader will find different types of chapters (e.g., with respect to level of analysis, disciplinary background, tutorial vs. Single-issue coverage of the field, or empirical vs. theoretical emphasis). Tutorial papers with broad coverage will precede single-issue papers that discuss in more detail one or the other theoretical or empirical problem. The chapters of this book have developed from papers presented at a conference at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research (ZiF) at the University of Bielefeld, which was held in July 1982 under the same title. We are indebted to the authors of the individual chapters and to all who helped edit the book by reviewing the contributions. Bielefeld and Soesterberg W. Prinz January 1984 A.F. Sanders Contents I Motor Control and Action Planning 1 Cognitivism and Future Theories of Action: Some Basic Issues G.E. Stelmach and B.G. Hughes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 2 A Distributed Processing View of Human Motor Control R.W.Pew .................................... 19 3 The Apraxias, Purposeful Motor Behavior, and Left-Hemisphere Function R.B. Freeman,Jr. With 1 Figure ..................... 29 4 A Motor-Program Editor D.A. Rosenbaum and E. Saltzman. With 1 Figure ......... 51 5 Eye Movement Control During Reading: The Effect of Word Units G.W. McConkie and D. Zola. With 6 Figures ............. 63 II Motor Contributions to Perception and Cognition 6 Motor Theories of Cognitive Structure: A Historical Review E. Scheerer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 77 7 Context Effects and Efferent Factors in Perception and Cognition W.L. Shebilske. With 2 Figures ...................... 99 8 Saccadic Eye Movements and Visual Stability: Preliminary Considerations Towards a Cognitive Approach P. Wolff. .................................... 121 9 Scanning and the Distribution of Attention: The Current Status of Heron's Sensory-Motor Theory D.J.K. Mewhort ............................... 139 10 The Relationship Between Motor Processes and Cognition in Tactile Vision Substitution P. Bach-y-Rita ................................. 149 VIn Contents m Mediating Structures and Operations Between Cognition and Action 11 Mechanisms of Voluntary Movement H.H. Kornhuber ............................... 163 12 Evaluation: The Missing link Between Cognition and Action D.M. MacKay. With 3 Figures ...................... 175 13 Modes of linkage Between Perception and Action W. Prinz. With 3 Figures .......................... 185 14 The Contribution of Vision-Based Imagery to the Acquisition and Operation of a Transcription Skill D. Gopher. With 4 Figures ......................... 195 15 Speech Production and Comprehension: One Lexicon or Two? D.A. Allport. With 2 Figures ....................... 209 IV Attention, Cognition, and Skilled Performance 16 S-Oh-R: Oh Stages! Oh Resources! D. Gopher and A.F. Sanders. With 2 Figures ............. 231 17 Automatic Processing: A Review of Recent Findings and a Plea for an Old Theory O. Neumann .................................. 255 18 Motor Learning as a Process of Structural Constriction and Displacement H. Heuer. With 6 Figures .......................... 295 V Interactions Between Cognition and Action in Development 19 Cognition and Action in Development: A Tutorial Discussion H.L. Pick .................................... 309 20 Biodynamic Structures, Cognitive Correlates of Motive Sets and the Development of Motives in Infants C. Trevarthen ................................. 327 21 Discontinuity in the Development of Motor Control in Children L. Hay. With 4 Figures ........................... 351 Author Index .................................... 361 Subject Index .................................... 375 Contributors D.A. Allport, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OXI 3UD, Great Britain P. Bach-y-Rita, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA R.B. Freeman, Jr., Fachbereich Psychologie und Soziologie, Universitat Konstanz, Postfach 733, 7750 Konstanz, Federal Republic of Germany D. Gopher, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel L. Hay, CNRS - Institut de Neurophysiologie et Psychophysiologie, B.P. 71, 31, Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13 277 Marseille, Cede x 9, France H. Heuer, Abteilung fUr Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie, Universitat Bielefeld, Postfach 8640, 4800 Bielefeld 1, Federal Republic of Germany B.G. Hughes, Motor Behavior Laboratory, The School of Education, Department of Physical Education and Dance, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2000 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA H.H. Kornhuber, Abteilung Neurologie, Universitat Ulm, Steinhovel straBe 9, 7900 Ulm, Federal Republic of Germany D.M. MacKay, Department of Communication and Neuroscience, University of Keele, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, Great Britain G.W. McConkie, Center for the Study of Reading, University of Illinois, 51 Gerty Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, USA x Contributors DJ.K. Mewhort, Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada o. Neumann, Abteilung ftir Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie, Universitat Bielefeld, Postfach 8640, 4800 Bielefeld 1, Federal Republic of Germany R.W. Pew, Bolt Benarek and Newman Inc., 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MA 02238, USA H.L. Pick, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA W. Prinz, Abteilung ftir Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie, Universitat Bielefeld, Postfach 8640, 4800 Bielefeld 1, Federal Republic of Germany D.A. Rosenbaum, School of Communications and Cognitive Science, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA E. Saltzman, School of Communications and Cognitive Science, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA A.F. Sanders, Institute for Perception TNO, Postbus 23, Kampweg 5, 3769 DE Soesterberg, The Netherlands E. Scheerer, Psychologisches Institut, UniversWit Oldenburg, Birken weg 3, 2900 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany WL . Shebilske, Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA G.E. Stelmach, Motor Behavior Laboratory, The School of Education, Department of Physical Education and Dance, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2000 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA C. Trevarthen, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9TA , Great Britain P. Wolff, Zentrum ftir Interdisziplinare Forschung, Universitat Bielefeld, Postfach 8640,4800 Bielefeld 1, Federal Republic of Germany D. Zola, Center for the Study of Reading, University of Illinois, 51 Gerty Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, USA I Motor Control and Action Planning
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