COBOL ANSI-85 Programming Reference Manual, Volume 1

1568 Pages·2003·6.11 MB·English

by  Unisys Product Information

Application Development
Solutions
COBOL ANSI-85
Programming Reference Manual
Volume 1:
Basic Implementation

ClearPath MCP Release 8.0
Printed in USA
February 2003 8600 1518–307
.
Application Development
Solutions
COBOL ANSI-85
Programming Reference Manual
Volume 1:
Basic Implementation
UNISYS
© 2003 Unisys Corporation.
All rights reserved.
ClearPath MCP Release 8.0
Printed in USA
February 2003 8600 1518–307
NO WARRANTIES OF ANY NATURE ARE EXTENDED BY THIS DOCUMENT. Any product or related information
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Application Development Application
Development
Solutions
Solutions
COBOL ANSI-85 COBOL ANSI-85
Programming
Programming Reference Reference
Manual Manual
Volume 1:
Volume 1:
Basic
Basic Implementation Implementation
ClearPath MCP
ClearPath MCP Release 8.0
Release 8.0

8600 1518–307 8600 1518–307
Bend here, peel upwards and apply to spine.
.
Contents
Section 1. Program Structure and Language Elements
About This Manual................................................................................1–1
Purpose................................................................................1–1
Audience..............................................................................1–1
Conventions.........................................................................1–2
Acknowledgments...............................................................1–2
Program Overview................................................................................1–3
Divisions of a Source Program..............................................................1–3
Contents of a Division...........................................................................1–4
Reference Format.................................................................................1–5
Division and Section Headers................................................................1–7
Level-Numbers......................................................................................1–8
Special-Purpose Lines—Fixed Indicators..............................................1–9
Continuation Lines...............................................................1–9
Comment Lines.................................................................1–10
Floating Comment Indicator...............................................1–11
Debugging Lines................................................................1–11
Compiler Control Option Lines...........................................1–12
Blank Lines.........................................................................1–12
Pseudotext.........................................................................1–12
COBOL Character Set.........................................................................1–13
Using Separator Characters for Punctuation.......................................1–14
Types of COBOL Words......................................................................1–16
Reserved Words................................................................1–16
Connectives...............................................................1–17
Figurative Constants..................................................1–17
Functions...................................................................1–19
Special Registers.......................................................1–20
Arithmetic and Relational Operators.........................1–22
System-Names..................................................................1–23
User-Defined Words..........................................................1–24
Identifiers.............................................................................................1–28
Literals.................................................................................................1–29
Nonnumeric Literals...........................................................1–30
National Literals.................................................................1–31
Numeric Literals.................................................................1–32
Undigit Literals...................................................................1–33
Floating-Point Literals.........................................................1–34
Boolean Literals.................................................................1–35
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Contents
Section 2. Identification Division
General Format.....................................................................................2–1
Identification Division Header...............................................................2–1
PROGRAM-ID Paragraph......................................................................2–2
IS COMMON PROGRAM Clause........................................2–3
IS INITIAL PROGRAM Clause.............................................2–3
IS LIBRARY PROGRAM Clause...........................................2–3
IS DEFINITION PROGRAM Clause......................................2–3
AUTHOR Paragraph..............................................................................2–4
INSTALLATION Paragraph....................................................................2–5
DATE-WRITTEN Paragraph...................................................................2–6
DATE-COMPILED Paragraph................................................................2–7
Security Paragraph................................................................................2–8
Section 3. Environment Division
General Format.....................................................................................3–1
Environment Division Header...............................................................3–1
Configuration Section............................................................................3–2
Configuration Section Header..............................................3–2
SOURCE-COMPUTER Paragraph........................................3–3
OBJECT-COMPUTER Paragraph.........................................3–4
MEMORY SIZE Clause...............................................3–5
DISK SIZE Clause........................................................3–5
PROGRAM COLLATING SEQUENCE Clause.............3–6
SPECIAL-NAMES Paragraph...............................................3–7
CHANNEL Clause.....................................................3–10
ODT Clause...............................................................3–10
SWITCH-NAME Clause.............................................3–10
ALPHABET Clause....................................................3–11
SYMBOLIC CHARACTERS Clause...........................3–16
CLASS Clause...........................................................3–17
CURRENCY SIGN Clause..........................................3–18
Literal-7 IS MNEMONIC-NAME Clause....................3–19
DECIMAL-POINT Clause...........................................3–19
DEFAULT DISPLAY SIGN and DEFAULT
COMPUTATIONAL SIGN Clauses........................3–19
Input-Output Section...........................................................................3–21
Input-Output Section Header.............................................3–21
FILE-CONTROL Paragraph................................................3–22
General Format of the FILE-CONTROL
Paragraph..............................................................3–22
File Control Entry Format 1: Sequential
Organization..........................................................3–23
File Control Entry Format 2: Relative
Organization..........................................................3–30
File Control Entry Format 3: Indexed I/O..................3–34
File Control Entry Format 4: Sort-Merge...................3–39
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Contents
I-O-CONTROL Paragraph...................................................3–41
Input-Output Control Entry Format 1:
Sequential I/O.......................................................3–41
Input-Output Control Entry Format 2: Relative
and Indexed Organization.....................................3–44
Input-Output Control Entry Format 3: Sort-
Merge....................................................................3–46
I-O Status Codes................................................................3–49
Recovering from I-O Errors................................................3–56
How the Recovery Process Occurs...................................3–57
Modifying the Recovery Process for COBOL74
Compatibility..................................................................3–58
Section 4. Data Division
Structure of the Data Division...............................................................4–1
Record Concepts.................................................................4–2
Level Concepts....................................................................4–3
Level-Numbers............................................................4–4
Level Indicators (FD, SD).............................................4–4
Classes and Categories of Data Items.................................4–5
Class and Category of Figurative Constants
and Intrinsic Functions............................................4–6
Long Numeric Data Items...........................................4–7
Algebraic Signs....................................................................4–8
Standard Alignment Rules...................................................4–8
Increasing Object-Code Efficiency.......................................4–9
Uniqueness of Reference....................................................4–9
Qualification.......................................................................4–10
Reference Modifiers..........................................................4–14
General Format....................................................................................4–17
Record Description Entry....................................................................4–18
Data Description Entry Format 1.........................................................4–19
Data-Name or FILLER Clause............................................4–22
REDEFINES Clause............................................................4–23
ALIGNED Clause................................................................4–24
BLANK WHEN ZERO Clause.............................................4–24
COMMON Clause..............................................................4–25
INTEGER and STRING Clauses..........................................4–26
JUSTIFIED (JUST) Clause..................................................4–26
LOCAL Clause....................................................................4–26
LOWER-BOUNDS Clause..................................................4–27
OCCURS Clause................................................................4–28
OWN Clause......................................................................4–31
PICTURE Clause................................................................4–32
Restrictions...............................................................4–32
Symbols.....................................................................4–33
Categories of Items...................................................4–38
Determining the Size of an Elementary Item............4–40
Editing Rules.............................................................4–41
Precedence Rules.....................................................4–47
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Contents
RECEIVED BY Clause........................................................4–49
RECORD AREA Clause......................................................4–50
SIGN Clause.......................................................................4–50
SYNCHRONIZED Clause...................................................4–52
TYPE Clause......................................................................4–53
USAGE Clause...................................................................4–54
USAGE IS BINARY....................................................4–55
USAGE IS BIT...........................................................4–56
USAGE IS COMPUTATIONAL and USAGE IS
COMP...................................................................4–57
USAGE IS COMPUTATIONAL-5 and USAGE
IS COMP-5............................................................4–57
USAGE IS CONTROL-POINT....................................4–57
USAGE IS DISPLAY..................................................4–58
USAGE IS DOUBLE..................................................4–58
USAGE IS EVENT......................................................4–59
USAGE IS INDEX......................................................4–60
USAGE IS LOCK.......................................................4–61
USAGE IS KANJI (Obsolete).....................................4–61
USAGE IS NATIONAL...............................................4–62
USAGE IS PACKED-DECIMAL..................................4–62
USAGE IS REAL........................................................4–62
USAGE IS TASK........................................................4–63
VALUE Clause....................................................................4–64
Data Description Entry Format 2: Level-66 RENAMES Entry.............4–67
RENAMES Clause..............................................................4–68
Data Description Entry Format 3: Level-88 Condition-Name
Entry................................................................................................4–70
VALUE Clause....................................................................4–71
Data Description Entry Format 4: IPC.................................................4–75
Data-Name or FILLER Clause............................................4–77
COMMON Clause..............................................................4–77
EXTERNAL Clause.............................................................4–77
GLOBAL Clause.................................................................4–78
OWN Clause......................................................................4–78
REDEFINES Clause............................................................4–79
VALUE Clause....................................................................4–79
Data Division Header..........................................................................4–80
File Section..........................................................................................4–81
File Description Entry Format 1: Sequential I-O..................................4–82
BLOCK CONTAINS Clause................................................4–84
CODE-SET Clause..............................................................4–86
DATA RECORDS Clause...................................................4–87
LABEL RECORDS Clause..................................................4–87
LINAGE Clause..................................................................4–88
RECORD Clause................................................................4–91
VALUE OF Clause..............................................................4–95
File Description Entry Format 2: Relative I-O, Indexed I-O.................4–98
BLOCK CONTAINS Clause................................................4–99
Variable Length Records..................................................4–100
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