Coatings Technology: Fundamentals, Testing, and Processing Techniques PDF
Preview Coatings Technology: Fundamentals, Testing, and Processing Techniques
C T OATINGS ECHNOLOGY F , T , UNDAMENTALS ESTING P T AND ROCESSING ECHNIQUES © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC C T OATINGS ECHNOLOGY F , T , UNDAMENTALS ESTING P T AND ROCESSING ECHNIQUES Edited by Arthur A. Tracton © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC The material was previously published in Coatings Technology Handbook, Third Edition © Taylor and Francis Group 2006. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-10: 1-4200-4406-0 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-4406-5 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any informa- tion storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC) 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For orga- nizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tracton, Arthur A. Coatings technology : fundamentals, testing, and processing techniques / Arthur A. Tracton. p. cm. Originally published under title: Coatings technology handbook. ISBN 1-4200-4406-0 (hardcover) 1. Coating processes--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Tracton, Arthur A. Coatings technology handbook. II. Title. TP156.C57C62 2006b 667’.9--dc22 2006049142 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Preface The coatings world is continually changing by adding new material to the treasury of the old material. However, the fundamentals of coatings and inks are the beginning of the experience. Included in the fundamentals are the concepts of testing (what to test and how to test it), design of experiments to maximize investigation and physical and chemical properties. Once these aspects have been determined, the next step is processing techniques. Each industry has its own use for coatings and inks. Based on the substrate, each industry has a different approach or method of applying the materials to the substrate. The application method dictates the physical and chemical properties used. Variations are even seen in one industry between applying equipment. The direction of this book is to acquaint the reader with some of the many aspects of the coating and inks industries. When you know the fundamentals of testing and processing techniques, you can adapt to most situations. Arthur A. Tracton © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Contributors Harold Van Aken Naomi Luft Cameron William S. Gilman GretagMacbeth Datek Information Services Gilman & Associates New Windsor, New York Newtonville, Massachusetts South Plainfield, New Jersey Walter Alina Robert W. Carpenter F. A. Goossens General Magnaplate Windsor Plastics, Inc. Stork Brabant Corporation Evansville, Indiana Boxmeer, The Netherlands Linden, New Jersey Chi-Ming Chan Douglas Grossman Mark J. Anderson Raychem Corporation Q-Panel Lab Products Stat-Ease, Inc. Menlo Park, California Cleveland, Ohio Minneapolis, Minnesota Carl A. Dahlquist William F. Harrington, 3M Company Jr. Brian E. Aufderheide St. Paul, Minnesota Uniroyal Adhesives and Sealants W. H. Brady Company Company, Inc. Milwaukee, Wisconsin Mishawaka, Indiana David R. Day Micromet Instruments, Inc. Deepak G. Bhat Cambridge, Massachusetts Herman Hockmeyer GTE Valenite Corporation Hockmeyer Equipment Troy, Michigan Corporation Arnold H. Deutchman Elizabeth City, North Carolina BeamAlloy Corporation Donald L. Brebner Dublin, Ohio E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Stephen L. Kaplan Company Plasma Science, Inc. Eric T. Everett Wilmington, Delaware Belmont, California Q-Panel Lab Products Cleveland, Ohio Patrick Brennan Douglas S. Kendall Q-Panel Lab Products Carol Fedor National Enforcement Cleveland, Ohio Investigations Center Q-Panel Lab Products U.S. Environmental Protection Cleveland, Ohio George E. F. Brewer Agency George E. F. Brewer Coating Denver Federal Center K. B. Gilleo Consultants Denver, Colorado Sheldahl, Inc. Birmingham, Michigan Northfield, Minnesota © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Artur Koch Wayne E. Mozer Peter W. Rose Ahlbrandt System GmbH Oxford Analytical, Inc. Plasma Science, Inc. Andover, Massachusetts Belmont, California John Lind Graphic Arts Technical Richard Neumann D. Satas Foundation Windmöller & Hölscher Satas & Associates Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Lengerich/Westfalen, Germany Warwick, Rhode Island H. Thomas Lindland Michael O’Mary John Stack Flynn Burner Corporation The Armoloy Corporation National Institute for New Rochelle, New York DeKalb, Illinois Occupational Safety & Health National Personal Protective Harry G. Lippert Robert J. Partyka Technology Laboratory Extrusion Dies, Inc. BeamAlloy Corporation Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin Dublin, Ohio Steve Stalker Donald M. MacLeod John A. Pasquale III ITW Industrial Finishing Industry Tech Liberty Machine Company Glendale Heights, Illinois Oldsmar, Florida Paterson, New Jersey Arthur A. Tracton John A. McClenathan Patrick Patton Consultant IMD Corporation Q-Panel Lab Products Bridgewater, New Jersey Birmingham, Alabama Cleveland, Ohio A. Vakelis Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Frederic S. McIntyre Lindas Pranevicius Vilnius, Lithuania Acumeter Laboratories, Inc. Vytautas Magnus University Marlborough, Massachusetts Kaunas, Lithuania Subbu Venkatraman Raychem Corporation Timothy B. McSweeney H. Randhawa Menlo Park, California Screen Printing Association Vac-Tec Systems, Inc. International Boulder, Colorado Fairfax, Virginia Patrick J. Whitcomb Stat-Ease, Inc. Richard Rathmell R. Milker Minneapolis, Minnesota Consultant Lohmann GmbH Londonderry, New Hampshire Neuwied, Germany Ulrich Zorll Forschungsinstitut für Pigmente and Lacke Stuttgart, Germany © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Contents I Fundamentals and Testing 1 Rheology and Surface Chemistry........................................................................................1-1 K. B. Gilleo 2 Coating Rheology.................................................................................................................2-1 Chi-Ming Chan and Subbu Venkatraman 3 Leveling.................................................................................................................................3-1 D. Satas* 4 Structure–Property Relationships in Polymers..................................................................4-1 Subbu Venkatraman 5 The Theory of Adhesion......................................................................................................5-1 Carl A. Dahlquist 6 Adhesion Testing..................................................................................................................6-1 Ulrich Zorll 7 Coating Calculations............................................................................................................7-1 Arthur A. Tracton 8 Infrared Spectroscopy of Coatings......................................................................................8-1 Douglas S. Kendall 9 Thermal Analysis for Coatings Characterizations.............................................................9-1 William S. Gilman 10 Color Measurement for the Coatings Industry...............................................................10-1 Harold Van Aken 11 The Use of X-Ray Fluorescence for Coat Weight Determinations.................................11-1 Wayne E. Mozer 12 Sunlight, Ultraviolet, and Accelerated Weathering..........................................................12-1 Patrick Brennan and Carol Fedor 13 Cure Monitoring: Microdielectric Techniques.................................................................13-1 David R. Day 14 Test Panels...........................................................................................................................14-1 Douglas Grossman and Patrick Patton *Deceased. ix © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 15 Design of Experiments for Coatings................................................................................15-1 Mark J. Anderson and Patrick J. Whitcomb 16 Top 10 Reasons Not to Base Service Life Predictions upon Accelerated Lab Light Stability Tests......................................................................................................................16-1 Eric T. Everett 17 Under What Regulation?....................................................................................................17-1 Arthur A. Tracton 18 Fade Resistance of Lithographic Inks — A New Path Forward: Real World Exposures in Florida and Arizona Compared to Accelerated Xenon Arc Exposures............................................................................................................................18-1 Eric T. Everett, John Lind, and John Stack II Coating and Processing Techniques 19 Wire-Wound Rod Coating................................................................................................19-1 Donald M. MacLeod 20 Slot Die Coating for Low Viscosity Fluids.......................................................................20-1 Harry G. Lippert 21 Extrusion Coating with Acid Copolymers and Lonomers..............................................21-1 Donald L. Brebner 22 Porous Roll Coater.............................................................................................................22-1 Frederic S. McIntyre 23 Rotary Screen Coating.......................................................................................................23-1 F. A. Goossens 24 Screen Printing...................................................................................................................24-1 Timothy B. McSweeney 25 Flexography.........................................................................................................................25-1 Richard Neumann 26 Ink-Jet Printing...................................................................................................................26-1 Naomi Luft Cameron 27 Electrodeposition of Polymers..........................................................................................27-1 George E. F. Brewer* 28 Electroless Plating...............................................................................................................28-1 A. Vakelis 29 The Electrolizing Thin, Dense, Chromium Process.........................................................29-1 Michael O’Mary *Deceased. x © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 30 The Armoloy Chromium Process.....................................................................................30-1 Michael O’Mary 31 Sputtered Thin Film Coatings...........................................................................................31-1 Brian E. Aufderheide 32 Vapor Deposition Coating Technologies..........................................................................32-1 Lindas Pranevicius 33 Cathodic Arc Plasma Deposition......................................................................................33-1 H. Randhawa 34 Industrial Diamond and Diamondlike Films..................................................................34-1 Arnold H. Deutchman and Robert J. Partyka 35 Tribological Synergistic Coatings......................................................................................35-1 Walter Alina 36 Chemical Vapor Deposition..............................................................................................36-1 Deepak G. Bhat 37 Solvent Vapor Emission Control.......................................................................................37-1 Richard Rathmell 38 Surface Treatment of Plastics.............................................................................................38-1 William F. Harrington, Jr. 39 Flame Surface Treatment...................................................................................................39-1 H. Thomas Lindland 40 Plasma Surface Treatment.................................................................................................40-1 Stephen L. Kaplan and Peter W. Rose 41 Surface Pretreatment of Polymer Webs by Fluorine........................................................41-1 R. Milker and Artur Koch 42 Calendering of Magnetic Media........................................................................................42-1 John A. McClenathan 43 Embossing...........................................................................................................................43-1 John A. Pasquale III 44 In-Mold Finishing..............................................................................................................44-1 Robert W. Carpenter 45 HVLP: The Science of High-Volume, Low-Pressure Finishing.......................................45-1 Steve Stalker 46 A Practical Guide to High-Speed Dispersion..................................................................46-1 Herman Hockmeyer xi © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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