Coatings Technology: Fundamentals, Testing, and Processing Techniques

371 Pages·2006·13.1 MB·English

by  Arthur A. Tracton

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OATINGS ECHNOLOGY
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UNDAMENTALS ESTING
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AND ROCESSING ECHNIQUES
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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OATINGS ECHNOLOGY
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UNDAMENTALS ESTING
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AND ROCESSING ECHNIQUES
Edited by
Arthur A. Tracton
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
The material was previously published in Coatings Technology Handbook, Third Edition © Taylor and Francis Group
2006.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Tracton, Arthur A.
Coatings technology : fundamentals, testing, and processing techniques / Arthur A. Tracton.
p. cm.
Originally published under title: Coatings technology handbook.
ISBN 1-4200-4406-0 (hardcover)
1. Coating processes--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Tracton, Arthur A. Coatings technology
handbook. II. Title.
TP156.C57C62 2006b
667’.9--dc22 2006049142
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Preface
The coatings world is continually changing by adding new material to the treasury of the old material.
However, the fundamentals of coatings and inks are the beginning of the experience. Included in the
fundamentals are the concepts of testing (what to test and how to test it), design of experiments to
maximize investigation and physical and chemical properties. Once these aspects have been determined,
the next step is processing techniques.
Each industry has its own use for coatings and inks. Based on the substrate, each industry has a
different approach or method of applying the materials to the substrate. The application method dictates
the physical and chemical properties used. Variations are even seen in one industry between applying
equipment.
The direction of this book is to acquaint the reader with some of the many aspects of the coating and
inks industries. When you know the fundamentals of testing and processing techniques, you can adapt
to most situations.
Arthur A. Tracton
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Contributors
Harold Van Aken Naomi Luft Cameron William S. Gilman
GretagMacbeth Datek Information Services Gilman & Associates
New Windsor, New York Newtonville, Massachusetts South Plainfield, New Jersey
Walter Alina Robert W. Carpenter F. A. Goossens
General Magnaplate Windsor Plastics, Inc. Stork Brabant
Corporation Evansville, Indiana Boxmeer, The Netherlands
Linden, New Jersey
Chi-Ming Chan Douglas Grossman
Mark J. Anderson Raychem Corporation Q-Panel Lab Products
Stat-Ease, Inc. Menlo Park, California Cleveland, Ohio
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Carl A. Dahlquist William F. Harrington,
3M Company Jr.
Brian E. Aufderheide
St. Paul, Minnesota Uniroyal Adhesives and Sealants
W. H. Brady Company
Company, Inc.
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Mishawaka, Indiana
David R. Day
Micromet Instruments, Inc.
Deepak G. Bhat
Cambridge, Massachusetts Herman Hockmeyer
GTE Valenite Corporation
Hockmeyer Equipment
Troy, Michigan
Corporation
Arnold H. Deutchman
Elizabeth City, North Carolina
BeamAlloy Corporation
Donald L. Brebner
Dublin, Ohio
E. I. du Pont de Nemours &
Stephen L. Kaplan
Company
Plasma Science, Inc.
Eric T. Everett
Wilmington, Delaware
Belmont, California
Q-Panel Lab Products
Cleveland, Ohio
Patrick Brennan
Douglas S. Kendall
Q-Panel Lab Products
Carol Fedor National Enforcement
Cleveland, Ohio
Investigations Center
Q-Panel Lab Products
U.S. Environmental Protection
Cleveland, Ohio
George E. F. Brewer Agency
George E. F. Brewer Coating Denver Federal Center
K. B. Gilleo
Consultants Denver, Colorado
Sheldahl, Inc.
Birmingham, Michigan
Northfield, Minnesota
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Artur Koch Wayne E. Mozer Peter W. Rose
Ahlbrandt System GmbH Oxford Analytical, Inc. Plasma Science, Inc.
Andover, Massachusetts Belmont, California
John Lind
Graphic Arts Technical Richard Neumann D. Satas
Foundation Windmöller & Hölscher Satas & Associates
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Lengerich/Westfalen, Germany Warwick, Rhode Island
H. Thomas Lindland Michael O’Mary John Stack
Flynn Burner Corporation The Armoloy Corporation National Institute for
New Rochelle, New York DeKalb, Illinois Occupational Safety & Health
National Personal Protective
Harry G. Lippert Robert J. Partyka Technology Laboratory
Extrusion Dies, Inc. BeamAlloy Corporation Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin Dublin, Ohio
Steve Stalker
Donald M. MacLeod John A. Pasquale III ITW Industrial Finishing
Industry Tech Liberty Machine Company Glendale Heights, Illinois
Oldsmar, Florida Paterson, New Jersey
Arthur A. Tracton
John A. McClenathan Patrick Patton Consultant
IMD Corporation Q-Panel Lab Products Bridgewater, New Jersey
Birmingham, Alabama Cleveland, Ohio
A. Vakelis
Lithuanian Academy of Sciences
Frederic S. McIntyre Lindas Pranevicius
Vilnius, Lithuania
Acumeter Laboratories, Inc. Vytautas Magnus University
Marlborough, Massachusetts Kaunas, Lithuania
Subbu Venkatraman
Raychem Corporation
Timothy B. McSweeney H. Randhawa
Menlo Park, California
Screen Printing Association Vac-Tec Systems, Inc.
International Boulder, Colorado
Fairfax, Virginia Patrick J. Whitcomb
Stat-Ease, Inc.
Richard Rathmell
R. Milker Minneapolis, Minnesota
Consultant
Lohmann GmbH
Londonderry, New Hampshire
Neuwied, Germany Ulrich Zorll
Forschungsinstitut für Pigmente
and Lacke
Stuttgart, Germany
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Contents
I Fundamentals and Testing
1 Rheology and Surface Chemistry........................................................................................1-1
K. B. Gilleo
2 Coating Rheology.................................................................................................................2-1
Chi-Ming Chan and Subbu Venkatraman
3 Leveling.................................................................................................................................3-1
D. Satas*
4 Structure–Property Relationships in Polymers..................................................................4-1
Subbu Venkatraman
5 The Theory of Adhesion......................................................................................................5-1
Carl A. Dahlquist
6 Adhesion Testing..................................................................................................................6-1
Ulrich Zorll
7 Coating Calculations............................................................................................................7-1
Arthur A. Tracton
8 Infrared Spectroscopy of Coatings......................................................................................8-1
Douglas S. Kendall
9 Thermal Analysis for Coatings Characterizations.............................................................9-1
William S. Gilman
10 Color Measurement for the Coatings Industry...............................................................10-1
Harold Van Aken
11 The Use of X-Ray Fluorescence for Coat Weight Determinations.................................11-1
Wayne E. Mozer
12 Sunlight, Ultraviolet, and Accelerated Weathering..........................................................12-1
Patrick Brennan and Carol Fedor
13 Cure Monitoring: Microdielectric Techniques.................................................................13-1
David R. Day
14 Test Panels...........................................................................................................................14-1
Douglas Grossman and Patrick Patton
*Deceased.
ix
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
15 Design of Experiments for Coatings................................................................................15-1
Mark J. Anderson and Patrick J. Whitcomb
16 Top 10 Reasons Not to Base Service Life Predictions upon Accelerated Lab Light
Stability Tests......................................................................................................................16-1
Eric T. Everett
17 Under What Regulation?....................................................................................................17-1
Arthur A. Tracton
18 Fade Resistance of Lithographic Inks — A New Path Forward:
Real World Exposures in Florida and Arizona Compared to Accelerated Xenon Arc
Exposures............................................................................................................................18-1
Eric T. Everett, John Lind, and John Stack
II Coating and Processing Techniques
19 Wire-Wound Rod Coating................................................................................................19-1
Donald M. MacLeod
20 Slot Die Coating for Low Viscosity Fluids.......................................................................20-1
Harry G. Lippert
21 Extrusion Coating with Acid Copolymers and Lonomers..............................................21-1
Donald L. Brebner
22 Porous Roll Coater.............................................................................................................22-1
Frederic S. McIntyre
23 Rotary Screen Coating.......................................................................................................23-1
F. A. Goossens
24 Screen Printing...................................................................................................................24-1
Timothy B. McSweeney
25 Flexography.........................................................................................................................25-1
Richard Neumann
26 Ink-Jet Printing...................................................................................................................26-1
Naomi Luft Cameron
27 Electrodeposition of Polymers..........................................................................................27-1
George E. F. Brewer*
28 Electroless Plating...............................................................................................................28-1
A. Vakelis
29 The Electrolizing Thin, Dense, Chromium Process.........................................................29-1
Michael O’Mary
*Deceased.
x
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
30 The Armoloy Chromium Process.....................................................................................30-1
Michael O’Mary
31 Sputtered Thin Film Coatings...........................................................................................31-1
Brian E. Aufderheide
32 Vapor Deposition Coating Technologies..........................................................................32-1
Lindas Pranevicius
33 Cathodic Arc Plasma Deposition......................................................................................33-1
H. Randhawa
34 Industrial Diamond and Diamondlike Films..................................................................34-1
Arnold H. Deutchman and Robert J. Partyka
35 Tribological Synergistic Coatings......................................................................................35-1
Walter Alina
36 Chemical Vapor Deposition..............................................................................................36-1
Deepak G. Bhat
37 Solvent Vapor Emission Control.......................................................................................37-1
Richard Rathmell
38 Surface Treatment of Plastics.............................................................................................38-1
William F. Harrington, Jr.
39 Flame Surface Treatment...................................................................................................39-1
H. Thomas Lindland
40 Plasma Surface Treatment.................................................................................................40-1
Stephen L. Kaplan and Peter W. Rose
41 Surface Pretreatment of Polymer Webs by Fluorine........................................................41-1
R. Milker and Artur Koch
42 Calendering of Magnetic Media........................................................................................42-1
John A. McClenathan
43 Embossing...........................................................................................................................43-1
John A. Pasquale III
44 In-Mold Finishing..............................................................................................................44-1
Robert W. Carpenter
45 HVLP: The Science of High-Volume, Low-Pressure Finishing.......................................45-1
Steve Stalker
46 A Practical Guide to High-Speed Dispersion..................................................................46-1
Herman Hockmeyer
xi
© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC