CMOS High Efficiency On-chip Power Management (Analog Circuits and Signal Processing) PDF
Preview CMOS High Efficiency On-chip Power Management (Analog Circuits and Signal Processing)
CMOS HighEfficiency On-chip PowerManagement ANALOGCIRCUITSANDSIGNALPROCESSINGSERIES ConsultingEditor:MohammedIsmail.OhioStateUniversity Forfurthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7381 John Hu • Mohammed Ismail CMOS High Efficiency On-chip Power Management 123 JohnHu MohammedIsmail AnalogVLSILab AnalogVLSILab DepartmentofElectricalandComputer DepartmentofElectricalandComputer Engineering Engineering TheOhioStateUniversity TheOhioStateUniversity Columbus,OH Columbus,OH USA USA [email protected] [email protected] OnleaveasATICProfessor ChairandCampusDirector TheKhalifaUniversityof Science,Technologyand Research(KUSTAR),UAE ISBN978-1-4419-9525-4 e-ISBN978-1-4419-9526-1 DOI10.1007/978-1-4419-9526-1 SpringerNewYorkDordrechtHeidelbergLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011934483 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2011 Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewritten permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY10013, USA),except forbrief excerpts inconnection with reviews orscholarly analysis. Usein connectionwithanyformofinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware, orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden. Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,andsimilarterms,eveniftheyare notidentifiedassuch,isnottobetakenasanexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyaresubject toproprietaryrights. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) To myparents,HuHeping andXiaoLijun. To thememoryof mylatefather,Ismail A.Elnaggar. Preface The world we live in today faces two fundamentalchallenges: the need to search for renewable energy sources as replacements for depleting fossil fuels, and the urgentnecessitytoreducegreenhousegasemissionsthatarecurrentlythreatening the sustainability of the common and only habitat of human beings – the earth – throughglobalwarming. Withwindandsolarenergyharvestingstillfacingmajorhurdlesinconsistency and reliability, and the safety of nuclear energy production called into serious questions after the tragic Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, improving energy efficienciesinallaspectsisidentifiedasprobablythemosteffectivewaytoalleviate bothcrisesintheshortterm. Parallel to the energy and environmental crises at the megawatt level, the consumer electronics industry is experiencing a similar but miliwatt level energy crisisofitsown.Consumersappreciatethemultimediaandconnectivityaportable devicecanprovide,butcontinuetodemandmorefunctionality,versatility,andmost importantlylongerbatteryruntimeinthesamecompactsize. Although there has been great progress in developing low cost, high energy density battery technologies, enhancing the energy efficiency of the electronic circuitsand systemsthroughaggressiveand innovativepowermanagementis still consideredasthemosteffectiveandextremelynecessarymethodfortheelectronics vendorstomeetconsumers’needsforalongerbatterylifeanddevelopproductsthat willbecompetitiveinthemarket.Betterefficiencieswillalsoreduceheat,whichcan beveryundesirableforendusers. It is because of these reasons that there is a renaissance of interest in power electronicswithintheindustrialandresearchcommunities.Technologiesofpower electronics date back to days when power grids were first laid and electric plants werecreated.Itisonlyrecentlythattheyseebrandnewapplicationsinawiderfield ofinterest:smartgrid,powermanagementforconsumerelectronics,andbiomedical applications,justtonameafew. This book deals with the subject matter of power management IC design, or integratedpowerelectronics,asaresponsetothegrowingneedforenergy-efficient vii viii Preface electronics.Itis an emergingfield that haslately growninto an area ofits own in parallel with conventional analog, digital, RF, and mixed-signal IC designs. This field is unique in that it requires considerable amount of understanding of power convertersandprinciples.ItisalsoverychallengingasitleveragesVLSItechniques forimplementation. In particular, this is the first monograph that addresses power management IC design with an emphasis on high efficiency and full on-chip integration. High efficiency is essential to extend battery life and reduce heat. Maximum on-chip integration with fewer external components is the growing trend, as the physical size,bill-of-materials,andmanufacturingcostallpointtoasystem-on-chipsolution inamainstreamCMOSprocess. This bookis dividedinto two parts with four chapters.Part 1 (Chaps. 1 and2) presents the system point of view on power management in a green electronic system. Part 2 (Chaps. 3 and 4) goes through details of circuit level power managementICdesign. Chapter1introducestheconceptofgreenelectronicsinfaceofthepowercrisisin portableconsumerelectronics.Itenvisionsthestructureandnecessarycomponents of such a system and identifies power management blocks as the bottle neck for overallefficiencyimprovement.Asanintroduction,italsodescribestheuniqueness ofpowermanagementICdesignandtherationalebehindthestudythereof. Chapter 2 discusses power management at the system level. A holistic ap- proach that involves system level software, SoC architecture, and silicon IPs is presented. Meanwhile, the importance of sleep mode operation for portable and battery-poweredapplicationsisdiscussed.Theruntimeextensionusingsleep-mode efficiencyIPsisquantized,andthecircuitleveldesignofthesesleep-modeefficient IPsbecomesathemeforthesecondpartofthebook. Chapter 3 starts dealing with power management IC design by analyzing linear regulators, especially the low drop-out (LDO) topology. Key performance parameters of LDOs are listed. Their design challenges are also explained, and existingperformanceenhancementmethodsare reviewed.Inthequestforfullon- chip integration, designs of external capacitor-free LDOs are presented. A novel sleep-mode ready, area-efficient capacitor- free LDO is proposed with testing methodsandmeasurementresultspresented. Chapter4movesontohighlyefficientpowermanagementICdesign,represented by switching converters. The light-load efficiency of these converters is found to be insufficient, and the root cause for the efficiency roll-off is identified. Existing light-loadefficiencyboostingtechniquesarethendiscussed,followedbyaproposal of a long-sleep model (LSM). A design example of a light-load efficient DC–DC buck converter using the LSM is presented. The characteristics, implementation, implication,andnoveltyoftheLSMarestudiedthoroughly. This book will serve as a reference for analog and power management IC design engineers in industry, as well as graduate students conducting research in high efficiency electronics, power management, and analog IC design in CMOS technologies. It will also be useful for test engineers, project leaders, design managers,andindividualsinmarketingandbusinessdevelopment. Preface ix Thisbookhasitsrootinthe Ph.D.dissertationofthefirstauthorattheAnalog VLSI Laboratory at the Ohio State University. We would like to thank all those whosupportedus,includingourcolleaguesintheAnalogVLSILaboratoryandthe ElectroscienceLaboratoryattheOhioStateUniversity,atFirst-passTechnologies in Dublin, Ohio, and from Battery Management Solutions and Low Power RF divisions of Texas Instruments. Last but not least, we would like to thank our familiesfortheircontinuedsupportandunderstanding. Dallas,Texas JohnHu Columbus,Ohio MohammedIsmail
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