Clinical Urodynamics in Childhood and Adolescence PDF
Preview Clinical Urodynamics in Childhood and Adolescence
Urodynamics, Neurourology and Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions Giovanni Mosiello Giulio Del Popolo Jian Guo Wen Mario De Gennaro Editors Clinical Urodynamics in Childhood and Adolescence Urodynamics, Neurourology and Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions Series Editor Enrico Finazzi Agrò Tor Vergata University Urology Department Rome, Italy The aim of the book series is to highlight new knowledge on physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment in the fields of pelvic floor dysfunctions, incontinence and neurourology for specialists (urologists, gynecologists, neurologists, pediatricians, physiatrists), nurses, physiotherapists and institutions such as universities and hospitals. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13503 Giovanni Mosiello • Giulio Del Popolo Jian Guo Wen • Mario De Gennaro Editors Clinical Urodynamics in Childhood and Adolescence Editors Giovanni Mosiello Giulio Del Popolo Pediatric NeuroUrology Research and Clinic Neurourology Department Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital Careggi Hospital Rome, Italy Florence, Italy Jian Guo Wen Mario De Gennaro Pediatric Urodynamic Center Urology Unit First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital University Rome, Italy Zhengzhou, China Pediatric Surgery and Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang, China ISSN 2510-4047 ISSN 2510-4055 (electronic) Urodynamics, Neurourology and Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions ISBN 978-3-319-42191-9 ISBN 978-3-319-42193-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42193-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018935128 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Series Editor’s Preface As President of the Italian Society of Urodynamics, I am very proud to present this new book in our series: Clinical Urodynamics in Childhood and Adolescence. When our Society defined this project with Springer, we had exactly the idea to offer to clinicians, and all health care providers, some practical books to use in their daily clinical practice. The readers will be able to find three different parts: diagnostic tests, patholo- gies, and management, stressing the value of urodynamics that is sometimes con- fused with a minor part of urological practice, not considering the value to represent the functional part of urology. All the authors are recognized experts of bladder and bowel, or in pediatric or in adult people, in some cases in both, because involved in transitional care project. All of them are valuable and active in different scientific societies. Furthermore, the majority of them are members of the International Continence Society and the International Children Continence Society. I would like to thank all of them for their valuable contribution. A special thanks to the editors Giulio, Jian, Mario, and last but not least to Giovanni Mosiello for involving all of us in this book and for his perseverance and his efforts to publish it. Enrico Finazzi Agrò Rome, Italy v Foreword Pediatric urodynamics has always been a challenging field, for both the referring doctors and those who are performing the studies. This special population of chil- dren and adolescent patients usually suffers from complex or complicated lower urinary tract dysfunction. Other pathologies such as congenital anomalies, high- grade vesico-ureteral reflux, and outlet obstructions can add to the difficulty of uro- dynamic studies. The International Continence Society (ICS) is very pleased with this textbook, which discusses clinical urodynamics in this patient population to shed light on the typical indications and critical technical aspects relevant to this age group. I am proud of Giovanni Mosiello, who is Chairman of the ICS Children and Young Adults Committee, for authoring this valuable book. I expect that it will serve as a valuable reference for those who are interested in urodynamics performance and knowledge. Sherif Mourad ICS General Secretary Cairo, Egypt vii Preface Pediatric urology often involves reconstruction of congenital malformations, which requires specialized surgical skills. Many patients with these congenital malforma- tions commonly experience continence dysfunction. For this reason, reconstructive surgery must be performed while keeping function in mind. Thus, a pediatric urolo- gist must be a functional urologist, with knowledge of the long-term effects of pathologies and the treatment performed. A pediatric urologist must be able to dis- tinguish between functional incontinence (which is very common in childhood) and incontinence related to neurogenic or anatomic causes. Many pathologies that are surgically treated in childhood may still have lifelong effects, such as incontinence. In all of these situations, it is important to understand the possible future effects of any treatments performed in childhood. For this rea- son, we decided to publish the first book on clinical urodynamics in children and young adults. We offer a special thanks to all friends who agreed to participate in the writing of this book by sharing their great experiences. On behalf of the other editors—Giulio De Popolo, Mario De Gennaro and Jian Guo Wen—we hope you enjoy. Giovanni Mosiello Rome, Italy ix Contents Part I Diagnostic Evaluation 1 Anatomy and Neurophysiology of the Lower Urinary Tract and Pelvic Floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Lotte Kaasgaard Jakobsen, Jens Christian Djurhuus, and L. Henning Olsen 2 Clinical Evaluation: History Taking and Urological, Gynaecological and Neurological Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Cevdet Kaya and Christian Radmayr 3 Diagnostic Scores, Questionnaires and Quality-of-Life Measures in Paediatric Continence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Wendy F. Bower 4 Diaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Ana Ludy Lopes Mendes, Ilaria Jansen, and Giovanni Mosiello 5 Ultrasound and MRI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 J.M. Nijman 6 Endoscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Murat Ucar, Selcuk Keskin, and Selcuk Yucel 7 Noninvasive Urodynamics and Flowmetry in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Mario Patricolo 8 Cystometry, Pressure Flow Study and Urethral Pressure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Jian Guo Wen 9 Videourodynamic in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Valerio Iacovelli, Giuseppe Farullo, Andrea Turbanti, and Enrico Finazzi Agrò 10 The Neurophysiological Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Giorgio Selvaggio and Roberto Cordella xi xii Contents 11 Diagnostic Tests for Defecation Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Peter Christensen Part II Pathological Conditions 12 Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Children and Young Adults: An Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Tryggve Nevéus 13 Neurogenic Bladder: Myelomeningocele, Occult Spina Bifida, and Tethered Cord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Pieter Dik, Laetitia M.O. de Kort, and Paul W. Veenboer 14 Spinal Cord Injury and Iatrogenic Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Giulio Del Popolo and Elena Tur 15 Cerebral Palsy and Other Encephalopathies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Stuart Bauer 16 Urinary Incontinence in Children and Adolescents with Mental and Physical Disabilities: Comorbidities and Barriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Mario Patricolo and June Rogers 17 Monosymptomatic Enuresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Eliane Garcez da Fonseca 18 Nonmonosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Kwang Myung Kim 19 Overactive Bladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Lorenzo Masieri, Chiara Cini, and Maria Taverna 20 Daytime Lower Urinary Tract Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Marleen van den Heijkant 21 Congenital and Iatrogenic Incontinence: Ectopic Ureter, Ureterocele, and Urogenital Sinus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Keara N. DeCotiis, Liza M. Aguiar, and Anthony A. Caldamone 22 Bladder Exstrophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Alan Dickson 23 Posterior Urethral Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Mario De Gennaro, Maria Luisa Capitanucci, Giovanni Mosiello, and Antonio Zaccara 24 Hypospadia and Urethral Stricture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Carlos Arturo Levi D’Ancona, Juliano Cesar Moro, and Caio Cesar Citatini de Campos
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