Clinical Applications of Artificial Neural Networks PDF
Preview Clinical Applications of Artificial Neural Networks
MMMM This page intentionally left blank Clinicalapplicationsofartificialneuralnetworks ArtiWcialneuralnetworksprovideapowerfultooltohelpdoctorstoanalyse,modelandmake senseofcomplexclinicaldataacrossabroadrangeofmedicalapplications.Theirpotentialin clinicalmedicineisreXectedinthediversityoftopicscoveredinthiscutting-edgevolume.In additionto lookingat newandforthcomingapplicationsthebooklooksforwardtoexciting futureprospectsonthehorizon.AsectionontheorylooksatapproachestovalidateandreWne theresultsgeneratedby artiWcial neuralnetworks.Thevolumealso recognizesthatconcerns existabouttheuseof‘black-box’systemsasdecisionaids inmedicine,andtheWnalchapter considerstheethicalandlegalconundrumsarisingoutoftheirusefordiagnosticortreatment decisions.Takentogether,thiseclecticcollectionofchaptersprovidesanexcitingoverviewof current and future prospects for harnessing the power of artiWcial neural networks in the investigationandtreatmentofdisease. RichardDybowskiisaResearchFellowintheDivisionofMedicine,King’sCollegeLondon. His main research interest is the application of statistics (including data visualization) and formallogicstomedicalinformaticsandbioinformatics. Vanya Gant is Consultant and Senior Lecturer in Microbiology and Clinical Director in InfectionatUniversityCollegeLondonHospitalsTrust.Hisparticularinterestsaretheapplica- tion of emerging technologies to microbial diagnosis, and the interpretation and clinical decision-making that Xow from complex high-dimensional datasets of either clinical or machineorigin. MMMM Clinical applications of artificial neural networks Editedby Richard Dybowski King’sCollegeLondon and Vanya Gant UniversityCollegeLondonHospitalsNHSTrust CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521001335 © Cambridge University Press 2001 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2007 ISBN-13 978-0-511-34270-7 eBook (NetLibrary) ISBN-10 0-511-34270-5 eBook (NetLibrary) ISBN-13 978-0-521-00133-5 paperback ISBN-10 0-521-00133-1 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents Listofcontributors vii 1 Introduction 1 RichardDybowskiandVanyaGant PartI Applications 29 2 ArtiWcialneuralnetworksinlaboratorymedicine 31 SimonS.Cross 3 UsingartiWcialneuralnetworkstoscreencervicalsmears:hownew technologyenhanceshealthcare 81 MathildeE.BoonandLambrechtP.Kok 4 Neuralnetworkanalysisofsleepdisorders 90 LionelTarassenko,MayelaZamoraandJamesPardey 5 ArtiWcialneuralnetworksforneonatalintensivecare 102 EmmaA.Braithwaite,JimmyDripps,AndrewJ.LyonandAlanMurray 6 ArtiWcialneuralnetworksinurology:applications,featureextractionand userimplementations 120 CraigS.NiederbergerandRichardM.Golden 7 ArtiWcialneuralnetworksasatoolforwholeorganismWngerprintingin bacterialtaxonomy 143 RoystonGoodacre PartII Prospects 173 8 RecentadvancesinEEGsignalanalysisandclassiWcation 175 CharlesW.AndersonandDavidA.Peterson v vi Contents 9 Adaptiveresonancetheory:afoundationfor‘apprentice’systemsin clinicaldecisionsupport? 192 RobertF.Harrison,SimonS.Cross,R.LeeKennedy,CheePengLim andJosephDowns 10 EvolvingartiWcialneuralnetworks 223 V.WilliamPortoandDavidB.Fogel PartIII Theory 235 11 Neuralnetworksasstatisticalmethodsinsurvivalanalysis 237 BrianD.RipleyandRuthM.Ripley 12 AreviewoftechniquesforextractingrulesfromtrainedartiWcialneural networks 256 RobertAndrews,AlanB.TickleandJoachimDiederich 13 ConWdenceintervalsandpredictionintervalsforfeedforwardneural networks 298 RichardDybowskiandStephenJ.Roberts PartIV Ethicsandclinicalprospects 327 14 ArtiWcialneuralnetworks:practicalconsiderationsforclinicalapplication 329 VanyaGant,SusanRodwayandJeremyWyatt Index 357 Contributors CharlesW.Anderson JoachimDiederich DeptofComputerScience FacultyofInformationTechnology ColoradoStateUniversity QueenslandUniversityofTechnology FortCollins,CO80523-1873 POBox2434 USA Brisbane,QLD4000 Australia RobertAndrews FacultyofInformationTechnology JosephDowns QueenslandUniversityofTechnology DeptofAutomaticControlandSystems POBox2434 Engineering Brisbane,QLD4000 UniversityofSheYeld Australia MappinStreet SheYeldS13JD MathildeE.Boon UK LeidenCytologyandPathologyLaboratory POBox16084 JimmyDripps 2301GBLeiden IntegratedSystemsGroup(ISG) TheNetherlands ElectronicsandElectricalEngineering EdinburghUniversity EmmaA.Braithwaite MayWeldRoad OxfordBiosignals EdinburghEH93JL MagdalenCentre UK Oxford OxfordshireOX44GA RichardDybowski UK Envisionment 143VillageWay SimonS.Cross Pinner DepartmentofPathology MiddlesexHA55AA DivisionofGenomicMedicine UK UniversityofSheYeldMedicalSchool BeechHillRoad SheYeldS102UL vii UK viii Listofcontributors DavidB.Fogel LambrechtP.Kok NaturalSelectionInc. DeptofBiomedicalEngineering 3333N.TorreyPinesCt UniversityofGroningen Suite200 Nijenborgh4 LaJolla,CA92037 9747AGGroningen USA TheNetherlands VanyaGant CheePengLim DeptofClinicalMicrobiology DeptofAutomaticControlandSystems UniversityCollegeHospital Engineering LondonWC1E6DB UniversityofSheYeld UK MappinStreet SheYeldS13JD RichardM.Golden UK AppliedCognitionandNeuroscience Program AndrewJ.Lyon SchoolofHumanDevelopment,GR41 NeonatalUnit UniversityofTexasatDallas SimpsonMemorialMaternityPavilion Richardson,TX75086-0688 EdinburghEH39EF USA UK RoystonGoodacre AlanMurray InstituteofBiologicalSciences IntegratedSystemsGroup CledwynBuilding ElectronicsandElectricalEngineering TheUniversityofWales EdinburghUniversity Aberystwyth MayWeldRoad CeredigionSY233DD EdinburghEH93JL UK UK RobertF.Harrison CraigS.Niederberger DeptofAutomaticControlandSystems DeptofUrologyM/C955 Engineering UniversityofIllinoisatChicago UniversityofSheYeld 840SouthWoodStreet MappinStreet Chicago,IL60612 SheYeldS13JD USA UK JamesPardey R.LeeKennedy OxfordInstrumentsMedicalLtd DeptofGeneralInternalMedicine ManorWay SunderlandRoyalHospital OldWoking KayllRoad SurreyGU229JU SunderlandSR47TP UK UK
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