Climate Change Challenge (3C) and Social-Economic-Ecological Interface-Building: Exploring Potential Adaptation Strategies for Bio-resource Conservation and Livelihood Development

623 Pages·2016·11.75 MB·English

by  Sunil Nautiyal

Environmental Science
Sunil Nautiyal
Ruediger Schaldach
K.V. Raju
Harald Kaechele
Bill Pritchard
Kottapalli Sreenivasa Rao Editors
Climate Change
Challenge (3C) and
Social-Economic-
Ecological
Interface-Building
Exploring Potential Adaptation
Strategies for Bio-resource Conservation
and Livelihood Development
Environmental Science and Engineering
Environmental Science
Series editors
Ulrich Förstner, Hamburg, Germany
Wim H. Rulkens, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Wim Salomons, Haren, The Netherlands
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/3234
Sunil Nautiyal Ruediger Schaldach
(cid:129)
K.V. Raju Harald Kaechele Bill Pritchard
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Kottapalli Sreenivasa Rao
Editors
Climate Change
Challenge (3C) and
Social-Economic-Ecological
Interface-Building
Exploring Potential Adaptation Strategies
for Bio-resource Conservation and
Livelihood Development
123
Editors
Sunil Nautiyal Bill Pritchard
Centrefor Ecological Economics Schoolof Geosciences
andNaturalResources (CEENR) University of Sydney
Institute for Social andEconomic Change Sydney
Nagarabhavi Australia
India
and
Ruediger Schaldach
CentreforEnvironmentalSystemsResearch Institute for Geography
University of Kassel University of Cologne
Kassel Köln
Germany Germany
K.V.Raju Kottapalli Sreenivasa Rao
InternationalCropsResearchInstituteforthe Department ofBotany
Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT) University of Delhi
Patancheru Delhi
India India
Harald Kaechele
Institute of Socio-Economics
ZALF e.V.
Müncheberg
Germany
ISSN 1863-5520 ISSN 1863-5539 (electronic)
Environmental Science andEngineering
ISSN 1431-6250
Environmental Science
ISBN978-3-319-31013-8 ISBN978-3-319-31014-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-31014-5
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016936281
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016
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Foreword
The vast majority of scientists now agree that if global warming exceeds a mean
temperature of 2 °C it will lead to dangerous, irreversible and practically uncon-
trollableconsequencesforbothnatureandmankind.Thiswasthoroughlydiscussed
duringrecentCOP21inParis.Researchshowsthatthereisonlyarealisticchance
of restricting global warming to 2 °C if a limit is set on the total amount of CO
2
emitted globally between now and 2050 (CO global budget). Continuation of the
2
current trends of greenhouse gas emissions would mean that humankind will be
confronted with dramatic challenges infuture,with thelossofnaturalresources as
wellasimpairedsecurityofsocieties.Fromascientificperspective,climatechange
is a global risk multiplier. Unabated climate change would substantially add to
existing vulnerabilities of poor and indigenous communities in many parts of the
world, who are inadequately prepared for adapting to unforeseen changes in their
economic, social and environmental context. Evidence of these vulnerabilities is
already visible in India, which has faced extreme weather events over the past ten
years and witnessed a decrease in food grain production.
This publication emerged from two International Conferences held at ISEC in
Bangalore, India: The International Conference on “Climate Change and Social-
Ecological-Economical Interface-Building: Modelling Approach to Exploring
Potential Adaptation Strategies for Bio-resource Conservation and Livelihood
Development” held during 20–21 May 2015, organized by Centre for Ecological
Economics and Natural Resources (CEENR), Institute for Social and Economic
Change (ISEC) in association with Centre for Environmental System Research
(CESR),UniversityofKassel,Germany,andtheInternationalConference“Climate
ChangeandFoodSecurity—theGlobalandIndianContexts”,jointlyconvenedby
CEENR, ISEC and the School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, on 18–19
February 2015. The participants in these International Conferences presented and
discussed their broad expertise from many different subject domains. Thereby, the
human resource capacity present in India, Australia, Germany and many other
countries as a collaborative activity were explored. This volume brings in selected
presentations from the International Conferences, which addressed the issues
v
vi Foreword
of social, economic, policy and technological adaptation strategies that could be
drawn from knowledge systems that existed in the scientific manpower of the
countries. The presentations in this book mainly address the issues related to cli-
mate change challenges and adaptation to climate change as major concern in the
scientific knowledge systems.
A new kind of development is imaginable: the great transformation towards
sustainability. The necessity for and possible ways towards this transformation,
focusing on climate change and global decarbonization, was described by the
German Advisory Council on Global Change in 2011. One important contribution
to this transformation is the ongoing process of the “German Energiewende”,
a rapid decarbonization of the national energy system. The German Advisory
CouncilonGlobalChangedepictstheimportantroleforresearchandscienceinthe
great transformation and the need for intensified inter- as well as transdisciplinary
cooperation. These cannot be overestimated. In addition, strongly intensified
internationalcooperationinbusinessandpoliticsaswellasresearch,educationand
science is a prerequisite for the great transformation. Bilateral interactions are a
substantial contribution to the required intensification of international scientific
exchange, and a splendid effort in bringing out the best in various countries sci-
entific capacity to address the issues of global importance.
March 2016 Klaus Mueller
Leibniz Centre for Agricultural
Landscape Research
Müncheberg, Germany
Contents
Climate Change Challenge (3C) and Social-Economic-Ecological
Interface-Building—Exploring Potential Adaptation Strategies
for Bio-resource Conservation and Livelihood Development:
Prologue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Sunil Nautiyal, Ruediger Schaldah, K.V. Raju, Harald Kaechele,
Bill Pritchard and K.S. Rao
Part I Food Security, Biodiversity and Law
The Impacts of Climate Change for Food and Nutrition Security:
Issues for India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Bill Pritchard
Climate Change Strategies and Developing Nations: Prospects
and Priorities for India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
P.J. Dilip Kumar
Climate Change, Risk and Food Security: An Analysis
of Wheat Crop in Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Muhammad Haroon Abdullah, Abdul Saboor, Irfan Ahmad Baig
and Muhammad Arshad
Methodological Issues in Social Science Research
for Bioresource Conservation and Livelihood Development
Under Global Climate Change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
B.K. Narayana Swamy and Y. Nagaraju
Impact of Ruminants on Global Warming: Indian
and Global Context. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Partha Sarathi Swain, George Dominic, K.V.S. Bhakthavatsalam
and Megolhubino Terhuja
vii
viii Contents
Effects of Demographic Change on Environmental Degradation:
Evidence and Implications for India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
C.M. Lakshmana
Biodiversity Status and Climate Change Scenario
in Northeast India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
P. Saikia, A. Kumar and M.L. Khan
A Critical Analysis of Law Relating to Biodiversity Conservation
and Forest Ecosystem Management in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Suresh V. Nadagoudar
Part II Methodological Issues; Socioeconomic and Vulnerability
Assessments
Knowledge-Based Climate Economy: Integrated Sciences,
Accelerated Convergence and Knowledge Resources Dynamics. . . . . . . 133
Giridhari Lal Pandit
Socio-economic and Agricultural Vulnerability Across Districts
of Karnataka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
K.V. Raju, R.S. Deshpande and B. Satyasiba
Knowledge, Perception and Socioeconomic Vulnerability
of Urban and Peri-urban Households to Heat Waves in Pakistan . . . . . 191
Khuda Bakhsh, Sara Rauf and Azhar Abbas
The Conflict Between Economy and Environment—An
Environmentally Extended Social Accounting Matrix for India. . . . . . . 203
Barun Deb Pal
Climate Change and Uncertainty in Agriculture: Does Crop
Insurance Help in India? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Meenakshi Rajeev, Manojit Bhattacharjee and B.P. Vani
Climate Change and Natural Capital: Some Veiled Issues
on Sustainable Livelihood in Agriculture Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Digambar Chand and Rajendra Gartia
Economic Impacts of Climate Change in India’s Cities. . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Kala Seetharam Sridhar
Economic Impact of Air Pollution from Agricultural Residue
Burning on Human Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Surender Kumar and Parmod Kumar
Environment Security and Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Santosh Gawai and Vinod Sen
Contents ix
Part III Ecosystems and Production System Analyses
Analysis of Policies in Sustaining Sandalwood Resources in India. . . . . 327
M. Srinivasa Rao, G. Ravikumar, P.R. Triveni, V. Soundara Rajan
and Sunil Nautiyal
Monitoring Condition Factor of the Dominant Fin Fishes
in the Estuaries of Lower Gangetic Delta in the Backdrop
of Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Ankita Mitra, Sufia Zaman, Prosenjit Pramanick and Shampa Mitra
Is There a Tomorrow?: The Story of Survival of Sunderbans
Against Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Haimanti Pakrashi
The Population Decline of Indian Sandalwood and People’s
Role in Conservation—An Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
A.N. Arunkumar, Geeta Joshi, M.S. Rao, T.S. Rathore
and V. Ramakantha
Climate Change and Sugarcane Productivity in Karnataka. . . . . . . . . . 389
Arun B. Chandran and K.N. Anushree
Dairy Farming and Organic Farming for Bio-resource
Conservation and Livelihood Development in Tumkur District
Karnataka State-India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
N. Kumara, Nehal A. Farooquee and P.V.K. Sasidhar
Part IV Vulnerability, Sectoral Assessment, Models and
Interfaces
Analysing Vulnerability to Climate Change in India
with Special Reference to Drought Risk: Results
from a Field Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Anu Susan Sam, Azhar Abbas, Muhammad Arshad
and Harald Kächele
An Assessment of Vulnerability of Livestock Farming
to Climate Variability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
G. Letha Devi, Dhirendra Varma and Mukund A. Kataktalware
Assessment of Carbon Sequestration in Soils of Different
Land Use Land Cover in Honnaver Taluka of Uttara
Kannada District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
A.G. Koppad and Pavan Tikhile