Clean-up of Former Soviet Military Installations: Identification and Selection of Environmental Technologies for Use in Central and Eastern Europe

252 Pages·1995·13.83 MB·English

by  Roy C. Herndon

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2. Environment - Vol. 1
The Partnership Sub-Series incorporates activities undertaken in collaboration with
NATO's Cooperation Partners, the countries of the CIS and Central and Eastern Europe,
in Priority Areas ofconcerrfto those countries.
The volumes published as a result of these activities are:
Vol. 1: Clean-up of Former Soviet Military Installations. Edited by R. C. Herndon,
P. I. Richter, J. E. Moerlins, J. M. Kuperberg, and I. L. Biczö. 1995
Vol. 2: Cleaner Technologies and Cleaner Products for Sustainable Development.
Edited by H. M. Freeman, Z. Puskas, and R. Olbina. 1995
Clean-up of Former Soviet
Military Installations
Identification and Selection
of Environmental Technologies for Use
in Central and Eastern Europe
Edited by
Roy C. Herndon
John E. Moerlins
J. Michael Kuperberg
Institute for Central and Eastern
European Cooperative Environmental Research
Florida State University
2035 East Paul Dirac Drive, Suite 226 Morgan Building
Tallahassee, Florida 32310-3700, USA
Peter I. Richter
Imre L. Biczö
Center for Hungarian/American Environmental Research
Studies and Exchanges
Technical University of Budapest
Budafoki ut 8.
H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
föv Springer
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Identification and
Selection of Technologies for Use at Former Soviet Military Installations in
Central and Eastern Europe", conducted in Visegrad, Hungary, June 21-23,
1994
ISBN 978-3-642-63361-4 ISBN 978-3-642-57803-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-57803-8
CIP data applied for
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1995
Originall y published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1995
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995
Typesetting: Camera-ready by authors
SPIN: 10475207 31/3136 - 5 4 3 2 1 0 - Printed on acid-free paper
PREFACE
A NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) was conducted on June 21-23, 1994 in
Visegnid, Hungary related to the clean-up of former Soviet military installation sites. This
ARW included a technical site visit to the Komarom Base Site which is a former Soviet
military installation in Hungary. During this three-day ARW, a strategy and set of
recommendations were developed for selecting technologies and evaluating remediation
approaches for these sites. This strategy incorporated such critical issues as the economic and
financial conditions of the region, temporal considerations with regard to the urgency for
which remedial actions are needed for these sites, the prioritization of resource allocations for
site clean-up using risk-based considerations, and other crucial issues which will affect the
implementation of remedial activities in the region. Approximately 40 invited experts,
representing a number of different disciplines as well as both NATO and Cooperation Partner
countries from the region, participated in this ARW.
The types of former Soviet military installations in Central and Eastern Europe include:
aircraft bases, fueling areas, maintenance and repair facilities, training grounds, non
ammunition storage areas (for lubricants, chemicals, paints, equipment), ammunition storage
areas, medical facilities, production facilities, and municipal facilities. Environmental
contamination at these sites poses significant human health and environmental risks. Site
contaminants include: solvents (e.g., BTEX), mineral oil hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides residues, and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The primary environmental media adversely affected by
these contaminants are soils, ground water and surface water.
The principal objective of this ARW was to evaluate approaches for remediating the
contamination problems at these sites in Central and Eastern Europe by convening a group of
international experts on site remediation and related disciplines. The ARW results also have
direct application to other sites in the region with similar contamination problems. A key
recommendation made by the ARW participants relates to the need to establish a technology
demonstration site in the region. The purpose of this demonstration site would be to provide
first-hand knowledge and experience in the actual application and effectiveness of these
remediation technologies. The demonstration project could also provide training for both
VI
agency personnel and private sector personnel involved with contaminated site remediation
activities in the region.
The editors wish to acknowledge the guidance provided by Dr. Luis Veiga da Cunha
concerning the organization, format and focus of the workshop. In addition, the contributions
of the NATO Advisory Panel on the Priority Area of the Environment were greatly
appreciated during the workshop by providing an effective context for the ARW participants
to conduct their work. We would also like to express our appreciation to the workshop
participants whose expertise, dedication and hard work made the workshop a success. The
editors would like to recognize the efforts of the following individuals for their diligence and
care in the preparation of this document: Reyn C. Anderson, Laymon L. Gray, Loreen K.
Kollar, and Joseph R. Shaeffer.
Table of Contents
Policy & Remediation Approaches
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REMEDIATION ACTIVITIES AT FORMER SOVIET
MILITARY INSTALLATIONS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE
Roy C. Herndon, John E. Moerlins, J. Michael Kuperberg, Peter I. Richter and
Imre L. Bicz6 .................................................................................................................. 1
STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING SITE REMEDIATION
APPROACHES FOR FORMER SOVIET MILITARY BASES IN CENTRAL AND
EASTERN EUROPE
Charles F. Voss ............................................................................................................... 7
APPLICATION OF THE ENVIROTRADE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE
CLEANUP OF A FORMER SOVIET MILITARY INSTALLATION
THE KOMAR-OM BASE SITE, HUNGARY
Rudolph V. Matalucci, Mark W. Harrington, Charlene P. Harlan, J. Michael
Kuperberg and Imre L. Biczo ....................................................................................... 21
HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH
CONTAMINATED MILITARY SITES
Christopher M. Teaf. ..................................................................................................... 31
SELECTION OF REMEDIAL OPTIONS FOR CONTAMINATED SITES
H.J. van Veen and A. Weenk ........................................................................................ 45
REMEDIATION STRATEGIES FOR CONTAMINATED (FORMER) MILITARY
SITES
Merten Hinsenveld ........................................................................................................ 57
TechnololO' Applications
INNOVATIVE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNOLOGIES TO ADDRESS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AT U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SITES
Caroline Purdy and David Roelant ............................................................................... 79
SELECTED APPLICATIONS OF BIOREMEDIAT ION IN HAZARDOUS WASTE
TREATMENT
Katalin Perei, Bela Polyak, Csaba Bagyinka, Levente Bodrossy and
Kornel L. Kovacs .......................................................................................................... 87
BIOREMEDIATION OF FOUR FORMER SOVIET MILITARY BASES IN
HUNGARY: EXPERIENCE USEFUL FOR FUTURE DECISION-MAKING
Tibor T. Sarlos and Karoly Gondar .............................................................................. 97
OVERVIEW OF BIOVENTING TECHNOLOGY FOR THE REMEDIATION OF
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATION
Catherine M. Vogel .................................................................................................... 109
RESULTS OF REMEDIAL TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED AT V AC-MARIAUDV AR,
A FORMER SOVIET MILITARY INSTALLATION
Judit T6th .................................................................................................................... 113
INNOVATIVE REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY FOR CONTAMINATED
MILITARY SITES: A CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE
Igor J. Marvan ............................................................................................................. 123
VIII
Country Summaries
BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AFTER THE
DEPARTURE OF THE SOVIET ARMY
Frantisek Kastanek and Katerina Demnerova (Czech Republic) ............................... 133
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AT FORMER SOVIET MILITARY
INSTALLATIONS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Ivan Landa, Oldrich Mazac and David Redlin (Czech Republic) .............................. 141
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AT MILITARY INSTALLATIONS IN GERMANY
Dietrich Burkhardt (Germany) ................................................................................... 157
CLEANUP STRATEGIES FOR U.S. ARMY, EUROPE, MILITARY BASES
Armand C. LePage (Germany) ................................................................................... 173
REMEDIATION FROM 1991 TO 1994 OF ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES
CAUSED BY THE SOVIET TROOPS
Istvan Endredy (Hungary) .......................................................................................... 179
DEMONSTRATING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AT ABANDONED FORMER
SOVIET MILITARY BASES
Emo Kiss (Hungary) ................................................................................................... 189
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AT FORMER SOVIET MILITARY BASES IN
HUNGARY
Robert Reiniger and Zsolt Horvath (Hungary) ............................................................ 209
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION PROBLEMS AT THE KOMAAOM BASE
SITE
Zsolt Sajg6 (Hungary) ................................................................................................ 219
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH FORMER SOVIET
MILITARY INSTALLATIONS IN POLAND
Zbigniew Kamienski (Poland) .................................................................................... 233
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF REUSING FORMER SOVIET ARMY BASES IN
SLOVAKIA
Elena Fatulova and Daniel Geisbacher (Slovak Republic) ......................................... 241
SUBJECT INDEX .................................................................................................................. 249
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REMEDIATION ACTIVITIES AT
FORMER SOVIET MILITARY INSTALLATIONS IN CENTRAL AND
EASTERN EUROPE
Roy C. Herndon, John E. Moerlins and J. Michael Kuperberg
Center for Hungarian!A merican Environmental Research, Studies and Exchanges
Florida State University
2035 East Paul Dirac Drive, Suite 226 Morgan Building
Tallahassee, Florida 32310-3700
USA
Peter I. Richter and Imre L. Bicz6
Center for Hungarian!A merican Environmental Research, Studies and Exchanges
Technical University of Budapest
Budafoki ut 8.
H-llll Budapest
Hungary
Introduction
The principal objective of this NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) was to evaluate
approaches for remediating the contamination problems at former Soviet military installations
in Central and Eastern Europe by convening a group of international experts on site
remediation and related disciplines. Many of these sites are located in the Czech Republic,
Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic. Representatives from each of these countries as
well as various environmental restoration experts from both NATO countries and non-NATO
countries (including the Cooperation Partner Countries identified by NATO) participated at
this workshop. These experts included individuals who have specialties in site
characterization, environmental monitoring, public health evaluation, as well as treatment and
related site remediation technologies. Also included were individuals from government
agencies, research institutes and universities, as well as private sector environmental
engineering and consulting companies. The mix of experts from the various countries,
disciplines and areas of expertise provided the basis for productive discussions of the pressing
issues associated with site remediation needs at these former Soviet military sites.
NATO AS! Series, Partnership Sub-Series, 2. Environment - Vol. I
Clean-up of Former Soviet Military Installations
Edited by R. C. Herndon et aI.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1995
2
The overall mission of the workshop was to develop a set of recommendations, and a
rationale for implementing these recommendations within the context of the short-term and
long-term needs of the countries within the region. A primary conclusion reached by the
ARW participants was that the two fundamental problems facing the region are the limited
financial resources and, to some extent, a lack of experience in utilizing some of the more
innovative and, in some cases, less costly remediation approaches and technologies. In
addition, there is generally a lack of experience in using risk assessment and related
evaluations for ranking sites, prioritizing resource allocations, and for making decisions
related to selecting remediation approaches for these sites. In order to address these concerns
and implement the ARW findings, the following recommendations were developed:
• It is recommended that the initial site assessment/characterization phase should
include a comprehensive audit of conditions at the site, identification of areas of
potential concern with regard to further characterization activities and an
accumulation of information regarding site uses and activities.
It is recommended that site characterization technologies that have not been
extensively utilized in Central and Eastern Europe should be investigated and
demonstrated at appropriate sites (e.g., at the Komarom Base, Hungary). While
some of the more advanced site characterization technologies have been applied at
sites in Central & Eastern Europe, experience differs among countries and no
mechanism exists to exchange information on these technologies. Some recognized
and effective site characterization technologies have not been broadly applied in
Central & Eastern Europe (e.g., photoacoustic infrared and Fourier-transform
infrared spectrometry).
It is recommended that remediation technologies that have not been extensively
utilized in Central and Eastern Europe should be investigated and demonstrated at
appropriate sites (e.g., at the Komarom Base, Hungary). Many of the identified
remediation technologies have been applied at one or a few Central & Eastern
European sites. While some of the more advanced remediation technologies have
been applied at sites in Central & Eastern Europe, experience differs among
countries and no mechanism exists to exchange information on these technologies.
Some recognized and effective remediation technologies have not been broadly
applied in Central & Eastern Europe (e.g., soil washing, in-situ bioremediation).
• It is recommended that a database be developed containing the history and
experiences of the various former Soviet military installations in the Central and
Eastern European countries. Such a database would allow future investigators to
make use of information gathered from past experiences in other countries. The
problems associated with contamination are likely to be similar from site to site but
will be specific to activities that were conducted at a given site (e.g., airbase,
maintenance depot).
It is recommended that, with regard to cleanup levels, governmental responsibility
primarily should be to remediate to levels that avoid imminent risks to human
health. Other considerations concerning initial remedial actions should include the