Classical Latin: An Introductory Course

444 Pages·2010·5.1 MB·English

by  JC McKeown

Cl assical
Latin
An
Introductory
Course
JC McKeown
00McKeown front:Classical Latin 1/16/10 12:13 PM Page i
Classical Latin
An Introductory Course
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00McKeown front:Classical Latin 1/16/10 12:13 PM Page iii
Classical Latin
An Introductory Course
JC McKeown
Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.
Indianapolis/Cambridge
Copyright © 2010 by Hackett Publishing Company,Inc.
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
For further information,please address
Hackett Publishing Company,Inc.
P.O.Box 44937
Indianapolis,Indiana 46244-0937
www.hackettpublishing.com
Cover and interior designs by Elizabeth L.Wilson
Composition by Agnew’s,Inc.
Printed at Sheridan Books,Inc.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
McKeown,JC
Classical Latin :an introductory course / by JC McKeown.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-87220-851-3 (pbk.)—ISBN 978-0-87220-852-0 (cloth)
1.Latin language—Grammar—Problems,exercises,etc.I.Title.
PA2087.5.M38 2010
478.82’421—dc22 2009040619
e-ISBN:978-1-60384-299-0 (Adobe ebook)
00McKeown front:Classical Latin 1/16/10 12:13 PM Page v
For Jo, Maeve, and Tanz
tribus Grātiīs meīs
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Contents
Preface ix
Abbreviations xi
How to Use Classical Latin xiii
Introduction xv
Chapter 1
The Present Active Indicative, Imperative, and Infinitive of Verbs 1
Chapter 2
First Declension Nouns, Prepositions 15
Chapter 3
The Future and Imperfect Active Indicative of Verbs 29
Chapter 4
Direct Questions, Irregular Verbs, Compound Verbs 39
Chapter 5
Second Declension Nouns 51
Chapter 6
First and Second Declension Adjectives and Adverbs 60
Chapter 7
The Perfect Active Indicative System of Verbs 71
Chapter 8
Third Declension Nouns 84
Chapter 9
Third Declension Adjectives and Adverbs 93
Chapter 10
Volō,Nōlō,Mālō, Numbers, Nouns of Limited Form and Variable Meaning 102
Chapter 11
Fourth and Fifth Declension Nouns 115
Chapter 12
Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs 125
Chapter 13
Correlative Adjectives and Adverbs, Irregular Adjectives 138
Chapter 14
The Passive Voice of Verbs 149
Chapter 15
Deponent and Semi-Deponent Verbs, Expressions of Time and Place 164
Chapter 16
Particular Uses of Cases 176
Chapter 17
Pronouns I, Intransitive Verbs with the Dative 191
Chapter 18
Pronouns II, Intransitive Verbs with the Genitive or Ablative 206
Chapter 19
Participles 218
Chapter 20
Gerunds and Gerundives, the Supine 234
Chapter 21
Indirect Statement 245
Chapter 22
The Subjunctive Mood of Verbs in Main Clauses 259
Chapter 23
The Present and Imperfect Subjunctive in Subordinate Clauses I 277
Chapter 24
The Present and Imperfect Subjunctive in Subordinate Clauses II 290
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Contents
Chapter 25
All Subjunctive Tenses in Subordinate Clauses 302
Chapter 26
Variations in the Mood of the Verb I: Conditional Sentences 313
Chapter 27
Variations in the Mood of the Verb II: cum, dum,etc. 323
Chapter 28
Impersonal Verbs 337
Appendix
1. Latin Readings 351
2. The Forms of Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives, and Verbs 362
3. Indeclinable Words 377
4. English–Latin Vocabulary 381
5. Latin–English Vocabulary 395
Index by Subject 409
Index Auctōrum 415
List of Illustrations and Credits 417
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Preface
Latin is one of the world’s most important languages. Some of the greatest poetry and prose lit-
erature ever written is in Latin, the language spread by the conquering Romans across so much
of Europe and the Mediterranean region, and it continues to exert an incalculable influence on
the way we speak and think nowadays. The purpose of this course is to enable students to learn
the basic elements of the Latin language quickly, efficiently, and enjoyably. With this knowledge,
it is possible to read not only what the Romans themselves wrote in antiquity, but any text writ-
ten in Latin at any later time.
Classical Latinhas developed over many years. Successive annually revised versions of it have been
used at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and in other universities. As will, I hope, be evi-
dent as you work through it, writing the course has been great fun, but I could not have produced
it on my own; at every stage I have benefited from the perceptions, knowledge, enthusiastic sup-
port, and practical common sense of so many colleagues, friends, and students. It is a great
pleasure to acknowledge at least some of the greatest debts I have accumulated throughout the
long process. I have received much useful advice and criticism on many topics from, among
many others, Peter Anderson, William Batstone, Jeff Beneker, Stephen Brunet, David Califf,
Jane Crawford, Aileen Das, Sally Davis, Andrea De Giorgi, Laurel Fulkerson, Brian Harvey,
Doug Horsham, Thomas Hubbard, Helen Kaufmann, Mackenzie Lewis, Matthew McGowan,
Arthur McKeown, James Morwood, Blaise Nagy, Mike Nerdahl, Jennifer Nilson, Alex Pap-
pas, Roy Pinkerton, Joy Reeber, Colleen Rice, Crescentia Stegner-Freitag, Bryan Sullivan,
Holly Sypniewski, William Short, Matt Vieron, Jo Wallace-Hadrill, Tara Welch, and Cynthia
White. As well as compiling the index, Josh Smith read through the whole work with extra-
ordinary acumen. Katherine Lydon meticulously edited the text for clarity, correctness and
content, and suggested many changes to the presentation of the material, which have greatly en-
hanced its effectiveness in the classroom. I have no doubt that, without her good-humored but
determined cajoling, the introductions to many chapters would have been dull, pedantic, and ob-
scure. Needless to say, I alone am responsible for any errors that remain. I am also very grateful
to Brian Rak and Liz Wilson at Hackett Publishing Company for their limitless patience and
wise advice in the preparation of the course for publication.
I would not have come to enjoy Latin, much less write this course, had I not had the great good
luck to have such wonderful teachers when I first started to learn Latin nearly fifty years ago. My
earliest appreciation of such immortal writers as Virgil and Ovid, Cicero and Tacitus I owe to
Charlie Fay and John Rothwell, and the latter’s habit of drawing attention to errors in home-
work by ornamenting them with cartoon pigs is a treasured and abiding memory.
Finally, I owe a particular debt to my wife, Jo. She has listened tolerantly to so many ramblings
about arcane aspects of Latin grammar, and stoically formulated so many versions of Classical
Latin, that the dedication of this work to her can hardly be sufficient recompense. I know she
will not mind sharing the dedication with Maeve and Tanz, our Missouri Fox Trotters. After all,
the mad emperor Caligula was rumored to have wanted to appoint Incitatus, a horse in the Green
Stable, as consul of Rome.
JC McKeown
Madison
Kalendis Novembribus MMIX
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