Civil Engineer's Handbook of Professional Practice

733 Pages·2011·30.32 MB·English

by  Karen Hansen

Civil Engineer’s Handbook of Professional Practice
Civil Engineer’s Handbook of Professional Practice Karen Lee Hansen and Kent E. Zenobia
Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Civil Engineer’s
Handbook of
Professional
Practice
Karen Lee Hansen
and Kent E. Zenobia
JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Hansen,KarenLee.
Civilengineer’shandbookofprofessionalpractice/KarenLeeHansenandKentE.Zenobia.
p.cm.
Includesindex.
ISBN978-0-470-43841-1(cloth),ISBN978-0-470-90161-8(ebk.);ISBN978-0-470-90162-5(ebk.);
ISBN978-0-470-90164-9(ebk.);ISBN978-0-470-95004-3(ebk.);ISBN978-0-470-95164-4(ebk.);
ISBN978-0-470-95186-6(ebk.)
1. Civilengineering–Handbooks,manuals,etc. I. Zenobia,KentE. II. Title.
TA151.H2952011
624.023–dc22
2010031086
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
ContributingAuthors xix
ContributingEditors xxiii
ListofAbbreviations xxvii
Chapter 1
Introduction 1
Background 3
TheNeedforAccreditation 3
ABETOutcomes 4
AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers 5
21stCenturyEngineer 11
GoalofThisBook 11
Readers'Guide 12
Summary 14
References/FurtherReading 14
Chapter 2
BackgroundandHistoryof theProfession 17
Background 19
CivilEngineeringasaProfession 19
CivilEngineering'sHistoricalInheritance 21
v
vi Contents
TheAncientEngineers 23
PersianEngineers 27
GreekEngineers 28
RomanEngineers 30
IndianEngineers 34
ChineseEngineers 35
AfricanEngineers 37
AmericanEngineers 38
EngineeringinMedievalTimes 42
EngineeringintheRenaissanceandtheAgeof
Enlightenment 45
TheIndustrialRevolution 46
ModernCivilEngineering 51
CivilEngineeringEducation 55
CivilEngineeringCareers 57
Summary 60
References 61
Chapter 3
Ethics 63
Introduction 65
DefiningtheEngineer'sEthicalCode 65
TheAmericanCouncilofEngineeringCompaniesEthical
ConductGuidelines 67
TheACECGuidelines 67
TheAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineersCodeofEthics 70
TheASCECodeofEthics 70
GuidelinestoPracticeundertheFundamental
CanonsofEthics 71
NationalSocietyofProfessionalEngineersCodeofEthics 76
TheNSPECodeofEthicsforEngineers 76
TheInternationalFederationofConsultingEngineers 81
ImportantandRelevantPolicyStatements
byASCEandNSPE 83
ASCEPolicyStatement376—ContinuingEducationinEthics
Training 83
ASCEResolution502—ProfessionalEthicsandConflictof
Interest 84
ASCEPolicyStatement433—UseoftheTerm‘‘Engineer’’ 85
NSPEPositiononPotentialIncidentsoftheUnlicensed
Practice 86
CaseStudies 87
CitationsIssuedtoBoardLicensees 88
NSPEEthicsCaseStudy 90
Contents vii
Summary 92
References 93
Chapter 4
ProfessionalEngagement 95
Introduction 97
Qualifications-BasedSelection—TheFederalGovernment
Process 99
DevelopmentofaShortList 99
Interviews/DiscussionswithFirms 103
RankingoftheTopThreeFirms 103
NegotiationwiththeTop-Ranked
Firm 107
Fee-BasedSelection 107
The6PercentFeeLimitationonFederal
DesignContracts—ExcerptsfromACEC 107
WritingEngineeringProposals 108
ProblemIdentification 109
BackgroundKnowledge,Teamwork,and
ScopeofWork 110
ClientRequirementsandConstraints 111
ClearCommunication 111
TechnicalAlternatives 111
AlternativeEvaluation 112
Design,Plans,Specifications,and
CostEstimates 112
ConstructionAssistance,Monitoring,andManagement 112
Start-Upand/orOperationsandMaintenanceAssistance 113
Scheduling 113
TheContract 114
Budgeting 120
EnhancingtheEngineeringFirm'sProbabilityforaSuccessful
ProfessionalEngagement 121
WorkingExamplesofRFPs 121
TypicalCivilEngineeringExample
RFP 123
Summary 123
References 124
Chapter 5
TheEngineer'sRoleinProjectDevelopment 125
Background 127
ParticipantsintheProcess—ThePlayers 127
viii Contents
TheFlowofWork 133
Predesign 133
Design 141
DesignProcess 142
DesignduringBidandConstruction 148
PostconstructionActivity 150
Summary 154
References 154
Chapter 6
WhatEngineersDeliver 157
Background 159
ContractDocuments 160
Drawings 162
Specifications 169
SpecificationFormat 170
MethodsofSpecifying 175
DrawingsandSpecifications—FinalThoughts 177
TechnicalMemosandReports 177
Calculations 178
OtherDeliverables 180
Summary 181
References 181
Chapter 7
ExecutingaProfessionalCommission—Project
Management 183
Introduction 185
ProjectManagementBackground 185
ADiscipline,ButNotaTheory 186
TheBasicsofProjectManagement 193
DefinitionofaProject 193
Scope/Schedule/BudgetTriangularRelationship 194
TheMajorPartiesonaProject 195
TheOwner'sRole 195
TheDesigner'sRole 195
TheContractor'sRole 196
ABriefSummaryoftheBasics 196
ProjectSectors 196
ProjectTeams 198
ProjectInitiation 199
ProjectEstimates 200
Contents ix
EarlyEstimates 200
ProjectBudgetEstimates 203
ProjectManagementPlanComponents 206
PlanPurpose 206
StaffSelectionGuidelinesforthePM 208
ProjectandClientNeeds 209
StaffAvailability 209
PreviousExperienceandQualifications 210
StaffDevelopment 210
ProjectBudgetsand/orStaffRates 210
TheProjectManager'sResponsibilities 211
ThePM'sTimeCommitment 211
WorkBreakdownStructure 212
TrackingMethods 215
ProjectRiskManagement 217
DesignCoordination 218
TeamManagement 219
EvaluationofDesignEffectiveness 219
Summary 224
References 224
Chapter 8
Permitting 227
Introduction 229
AccepttheRequirementsforPermits 229
RespecttheStaffImplementingthePermits 230
InitiatethePermittingProcessingEarly 231
ManagingPermits 237
StreamliningPermits 239
SamplePermitTable 241
Summary 241
References 246
Chapter 9
TheClientRelationshipandBusinessDevelopment 247
Introduction 249
TheFoundationofaLastingRelationship 250
BuildingupontheRelationship—TheSuperstructure 252
MaintainingtheRelationship 254
CultivatingBusinessOpportunities 256
BusinessDevelopment 258
ConflictManagement 260
The4CsofConflictManagement 261
x Contents
Summary 262
References 263
Chapter 10
Leadership 265
Introduction 267
LeadershipStyles 267
AutocraticLeadership 267
DemocraticLeadership 268
DelegativeLeadership 268
ToolsforLeadershipandManagement 270
Planning 271
Organizing 271
Leading 271
Controlling 271
FourQuadrantsofEffectiveLeadership 272
StrategicLeadership 273
FinancialLeadership 275
TechnicalLeadership 276
MarketingLeadership 277
PublicService(forGovernmentEmployees)orMarketing
Leadership(forConsultingEngineers) 278
SecretRecipeforanEffectiveLeader 279
Summary 279
References 280
Chapter 11
LegalAspectsofProfessionalPractice 281
Introduction 283
U.S.LegalSystem 283
Statutes 284
CommonLaw 285
TortLaw 286
Negligence 286
StrictLiability 288
Warranty 288
Deceit 288
Defamation 288
UnfairCompetition 289
StatutesofLimitationandRepose 289
ContractLaw 290
ContractFormation 290
ContractWording 292