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CISSP® Certified Information Systems Security Professional Study Guide Seventh Edition James Michael Stewart Mike Chapple Darril Gibson Development Editor: Alexa Murphy Book Designers: Judy Fung and Bill Gibson Technical Editors: David Seidl, Brian O'Hara, Paul Calatayud Proofreaders: Josh Chase, Sarah Kaikini and Louise Watson, Word One New York Production Editor: Rebecca Anderson Copy Editors: Elizabeth Welch, Linda Recktenwald Indexer: J & J Indexing Editorial Manager: Mary Beth Wakefield Project Coordinator, Cover: Brent Savage Production Manager: Kathleen Wisor Cover Designer: Wiley Associate Publisher: Jim Minatel Cover Image: ©Getty Images Inc./Jeremy Woodhouse Media Supervising Producer: Richard Graves Copyright © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-1-119-04271-6 ISBN: 978-1-119-04272-3 (ebk.) ISBN: 978-1-119-04275-4 (ebk.) 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If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Control Number: 2015948797 TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. CISSP is a registered certification mark of (ISC)², Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Disclaimer: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., in association with (ISC)2, has prepared this study guide for general information and for use as training for the Official (ISC)2 CISSP® CBK® and not as legal or operational advice. This is a study guide only, and does not imply that any questions or topics from this study guide will appear on the actual (ISC)2 CISSP® certification examination. The study guide was not prepared with writers or editors associated with developing the (ISC)2 CISSP certification examination. The study guide may contain errors and omissions. (ISC)2 does not guarantee a passing score on the exam or provide any assurance or guarantee relating to the use of this study guide and preparing for the (ISC)2 CISSP® certification examination. The users of the Official CISSP: Certified Information Systems Security Professional Study Guide, Seventh Edition agree that John Wiley and Sons, Inc.. and (ISC)2 are not liable for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages up to and including negligence that may arise from use of these materials. Under no circumstances, including negligence, shall John Wiley and Sons, Inc.or (ISC)2, its officers, directors, agents, author or anyone else involved in creating, producing or distributing these materials be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special or consequential damages that may result from the use of this study guide. Whenever we look toward the future, we have to first look back and think about where we came from. Back in 1989, (ISC)2 was established by a handful of passionate volunteers who wanted to create a set of standards for a new concept, not yet a full-fledged career field, called information security. In the minds of those volunteers, having the initial 500 applicants sign up to take the Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP®) exam was considered quite a success. Little did they imagine that 26 years later, not only would those 500 applicants grow to a cadre of 100,000 CISSP credential holders across more than 160 countries, the CISSP would also become recognized as the standard certification for the information security industry. Advancements in technology bring about the need for updates, and we work tirelessly to ensure that our content is always relevant to the industry. As the information security industry continues to transition, and cybersecurity becomes a global focus, the CISSP Common Body of Knowledge (CBK) is even more relevant to today's challenges. The new (ISC)² CISSP Study Guide is part of a concerted effort to enhance and increase our education and training offerings. The CISSP Study Guide reflects the most relevant topics in our ever-changing field and is a learning tool for (ISC)² certification exam candidates. It provides a comprehensive study guide to the eight CISSP domains and the most current topics in the industry. If you are on the path to getting certified, you have no doubt heard of the (ISC)2 Official Guides to the CBK. While our Official Guides to the CBK are the authoritative references to the Common Body of Knowledge, the new study guides are learning tools focused on educating the reader in preparation for exams. As an ANSI accredited certification body under the ISO/IEC 17024 standard, (ISC)² does not teach the CISSP exam. Rather, we strive to generate or endorse content that teaches the CISSP's CBK. Candidates who have a strong understanding of the CBK are best prepared for success with the exam and within the profession. (ISC)2 is also breaking new ground by partnering with Wiley, a recognized industry leading brand. Developing a partnership with renowned content provider Wiley allows (ISC)2 to grow its offerings on the scale required to keep our content fresh and aligned with the constantly changing environment. The power of combining the expertise of our two organizations benefits certification candidates and the industry alike. I look forward to your feedback on the (ISC)2 CISSP Study Guide. Congratulations on taking the first step toward earning the certification that SC Magazine named “Best Professional Certification Program.” Good luck with your studies! Best Regards, David P. Shearer, CISSP, PMP CEO (ISC)2 To Cathy, your perspective on the world and life often surprises me, challenges me, and makes me love you even more. —James Michael Stewart To Dewitt Latimer, my mentor, friend, and colleague. I miss you dearly. —Mike Chapple To Nimfa: Thanks for sharing your life with me for the past 23 years and letting me share mine with you. —Darril Gibson Acknowledgments I’d like to express my thanks to Sybex for continuing to support this project. Thanks to Mike Chapple and Darril Gibson for continuing to contribute to this project. Thanks also to all my CISSP course students who have provided their insight and input to improve my training courseware and ultimately this tome. Extra thanks to the seventh edition developmental editor, Alexa Murphy, and technical editor, David Seidl, who performed amazing feats in guiding us to improve this book. Thanks as well to my agent, Carole Jelen, for continuing to assist in nailing down these projects. To my adoring wife, Cathy: Building a life and a family together has been more wonderful than I could have ever imagined. To Slayde and Remi: You are growing up so fast and learning at an outstanding pace, and you continue to delight and impress me daily. You are both growing into amazing individuals. To my mom, Johnnie: It is wonderful to have you close by. To Mark: No matter how much time has passed or how little we see each other, I have been and always will be your friend. And finally, as always, to Elvis: You were way ahead of the current bacon obsession, with your peanut butter-banana-bacon sandwich; I think that’s proof you traveled through time! —James Michael Stewart Special thanks go to the information security team at the University of Notre Dame, who provided hours of interesting conversation and debate on security issues that inspired and informed much of the material in this book. I would like to thank the team at Wiley who provided invaluable assistance throughout the book development process. I also owe a debt of gratitude to my literary agent, Carole Jelen of Waterside Productions. My coauthors, James Michael Stewart and Darril Gibson, were great collaborators. David Seidl, our diligent and knowledgeable technical editor, provided valuable insight as we brought this edition to press. I’d also like to thank the many people who participated in the production of this book but whom I never had the chance to meet: the graphics team, the production staff, and all of those involved in bringing this book to press. —Mike Chapple Thanks to Carol Long and Carole Jelen for helping get this update in place before (ISC)2 released the objectives. This helped us get a head start on this new edition and we appreciate your efforts. It’s been a pleasure working with talented people like James Michael Stewart and Mike Chapple. Thanks to both of you for all your work and collaborative efforts on this project. The technical editor, Dave Seidl, provided us with some outstanding feedback and this book is better because of his efforts. Thanks again, David. Last, thanks to the team at Sybex (including project managers, editors, and graphics artists) for all the work you did helping us get this book to print. —Darril Gibson About the Authors James Michael Stewart, CISSP, has been writing and training for more than 20 years, with a current focus on security. He has been teaching CISSP training courses since 2002, not to mention other courses on Internet security and ethical hacking/penetration testing. He is the author of and contributor to more than 75 books and numerous courseware sets on security certification, Microsoft topics, and network administration. More information about Michael can be found at his website:www.impactonline.com. Mike Chapple, CISSP, Ph.D., is Senior Director for IT Service Delivery at the University of Notre Dame. In the past, he was chief information officer of Brand Institute and an information security researcher with the National Security Agency and the U.S. Air Force. His primary areas of expertise include network intrusion detection and access controls. Mike is a frequent contributor to TechTarget’s SearchSecurity site and the author of more than 25 books including CompTIA Security+ Training Kit and Information Security Illuminated. Mike can be found on Twitter @mchapple. Darril Gibson, CISSP, is the CEO of YCDA, LLC (short for You Can Do Anything) and he has authored or coauthored more than 35 books. Darril regularly writes, consults, and teaches on a wide variety of technical and security topics and holds several certifications. He regularly posts blog articles at http://blogs.getcertifiedgetahead.com/ about certification topics and uses that site to help people stay abreast of changes in certification exams. He loves hearing from readers, especially when they pass an exam after using one of his books, and you can contact him through the blogging site. Contents Introduction Assessment Test Chapter 1 Security Governance Through Principles and Policies Understand and Apply Concepts of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability Apply Security Governance Principles Develop and Implement Documented Security Policy, Standards, Procedures, and Guidelines Understand and Apply Threat Modeling Integrate Security Risk Considerations into Acquisition Strategy and Practice Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 2 Personnel Security and Risk Management Concepts Contribute to Personnel Security Policies Security Governance Understand and Apply Risk Management Concepts Establish and Manage Information Security Education, Training, and Awareness Manage the Security Function Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 3 Business Continuity Planning Planning for Business Continuity Project Scope and Planning Business Impact Assessment Continuity Planning BCP Documentation Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 4 Laws, Regulations, and Compliance Categories of Laws Laws Compliance Contracting and Procurement Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 5 Protecting Security of Assets Classifying and Labeling Assets Identifying Data Roles Protecting Privacy Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 6 Cryptography and Symmetric Key Algorithms Historical Milestones in Cryptography Cryptographic Basics Modern Cryptography Symmetric Cryptography Cryptographic Life Cycle Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 7 PKI and Cryptographic Applications Asymmetric Cryptography Hash Functions Digital Signatures Public Key Infrastructure Asymmetric Key Management Applied Cryptography Cryptographic Attacks Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 8 Principles of Security Models, Design, and Capabilities Implement and Manage Engineering Processes Using Secure Design Principles Understand the Fundamental Concepts of Security Models Select Controls and Countermeasures Based on Systems Security Evaluation Models Understand Security Capabilities of Information Systems Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 9 Security Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Countermeasures Assess and Mitigate Security Vulnerabilities Client-Based Server-Based Database Security Distributed Systems Industrial Control Systems Assess and Mitigate Vulnerabilities in Web-Based Systems Assess and Mitigate Vulnerabilities in Mobile Systems Assess and Mitigate Vulnerabilities in Embedded Devices and Cyber-Physical Systems Essential Security Protection Mechanisms Common Architecture Flaws and Security Issues Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 10 Physical Security Requirements Apply Secure Principles to Site and Facility Design Design and Implement Physical Security Implement and Manage Physical Security Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 11 Secure Network Architecture and Securing Network Components OSI Model TCP/IP Model Converged Protocols Wireless Networks General Wi-Fi Security Procedure Cabling, Wireless, Topology, and Communications Technology Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 12 Secure Communications and Network Attacks Network and Protocol Security Mechanisms Secure Voice Communications Multimedia Collaboration Manage Email Security Remote Access Security Management Virtual Private Network Virtualization Network Address Translation Switching Technologies WAN Technologies Miscellaneous Security Control Characteristics Security Boundaries Prevent or Mitigate Network Attacks Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 13 Managing Identity and Authentication Controlling Access to Assets Comparing Identification and Authentication Implementing Identity Management Managing the Identity and Access Provisioning Life Cycle Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 14 Controlling and Monitoring Access Comparing Access Control Models Understanding Access Control Attacks Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 15 Security Assessment and Testing Building a Security Assessment and Testing Program Performing Vulnerability Assessments Testing Your Software Implementing Security Management Processes Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 16 Managing Security Operations Applying Security Operations Concepts Provisioning and Managing Resources Managing Configuration Managing Change Managing Patches and Reducing Vulnerabilities Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions Chapter 17 Preventing and Responding to Incidents Managing Incident Response