Cisco Switching Black Book: A Practical In-Depth Guide to Configuring, Operating and Managing Cisco LAN Switches

411 Pages·2000·2.76 MB·English

by  Sean Odom, Hanson Nottingham

Table of Contents
Cisco Switching Black Book...............................................................................................................................1
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................4
Overview..................................................................................................................................................4
Is This Book for You?..............................................................................................................................4
How to Use This Book.............................................................................................................................4
The Black Book Philosophy....................................................................................................................5
Chapter 1: Network Switching Fundamentals.................................................................................................6
In Depth...................................................................................................................................................6
Physical Media and Switching Types......................................................................................................6
A Bit of History.......................................................................................................................................7
Networking Architectures.................................................................................................................7
The Pieces of Technology........................................................................................................................9
Repeaters.........................................................................................................................................10
Hubs.................................................................................................................................................10
Bridges.............................................................................................................................................11
Routers.............................................................................................................................................13
Switches...........................................................................................................................................13
Network Design.....................................................................................................................................14
Collision Domains...........................................................................................................................15
Broadcast Domains..........................................................................................................................16
Why Upgrade to Switches?.............................................................................................................16
Switched Forwarding......................................................................................................................19
Switched Network Bottlenecks.......................................................................................................20
The Rule of the Network Road........................................................................................................22
Switched Ethernet Innovations..............................................................................................................23
Full−Duplex Ethernet......................................................................................................................23
Fast Ethernet....................................................................................................................................23
Gigabit Ethernet..............................................................................................................................24
The Cisco IOS........................................................................................................................................24
Connecting to the Switch................................................................................................................25
Powering Up the Switch..................................................................................................................25
The Challenges.......................................................................................................................................27
Today’s Trend........................................................................................................................................27
Entering and Exiting Privileged EXEC Mode.......................................................................................28
Entering and Exiting Global Configuration Mode.................................................................................28
Entering and Exiting Interface Configuration Mode.............................................................................28
Entering and Exiting Subinterface Configuration Mode.......................................................................28
Saving Configuration Changes..............................................................................................................29
Chapter 2: Basic Switch Configuration..........................................................................................................30
In Depth.................................................................................................................................................30
Command−Line Interfaces....................................................................................................................30
Campus Hierarchical Switching Model.................................................................................................31
Access Layer...................................................................................................................................32
Distribution Layer...........................................................................................................................32
Core Layer.......................................................................................................................................33
Remote Network Monitoring.................................................................................................................33
Connecting to the Console Port.............................................................................................................34
Console Cable Pinouts.....................................................................................................................35
Console Connectors.........................................................................................................................36
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Table of Contents
Chapter 2: Basic Switch Configuration
The RJ−45−to−AUX Port Console Connector Pinouts...................................................................36
Switch IOSs...........................................................................................................................................38
The IOS Configuration Modes........................................................................................................38
Limiting Telnet Access..........................................................................................................................39
Implementing Privilege Levels..............................................................................................................39
Configuring an IOS−Based CLI Switch................................................................................................39
Setting the Login Passwords...........................................................................................................40
Setting Privilege Levels...................................................................................................................40
Assigning Allowable Commands....................................................................................................40
Setting the Console Port Time−out Value.......................................................................................40
Configuring the Telnet Time−out Value.........................................................................................41
Configuring the Hostname..............................................................................................................41
Configuring the Date and Time.......................................................................................................41
Configuring an IP Address and Netmask........................................................................................41
Configuring a Default Route and Gateway.....................................................................................41
Configuring Port Speed and Duplex...............................................................................................42
Enabling SNMP Contact.................................................................................................................42
Configuring a Set/Clear−Based CLI Switch..........................................................................................42
Logging On to a Switch...................................................................................................................42
Setting the Login and Enable Passwords........................................................................................43
Changing the Console Prompt.........................................................................................................43
Entering a Contact Name and Location Information......................................................................44
Configuring System and Time Information....................................................................................44
Configuring an IP Address and Netmask........................................................................................44
Configuring a Default Route and Gateway.....................................................................................45
Viewing the Default Routes............................................................................................................45
Configuring Port Speed and Duplex...............................................................................................45
Enabling SNMP...............................................................................................................................46
Configuring Trap Message Targets.................................................................................................46
Configuring a Menu−Driven IOS..........................................................................................................47
Configuring the Console Port..........................................................................................................48
Configuring Telnet..........................................................................................................................48
Configuring the Password...............................................................................................................48
Configuring an IP Address and Default Gateway...........................................................................48
Configuring SNMP..........................................................................................................................49
Configuring ROM..................................................................................................................................50
Entering ROM Configuration Mode...............................................................................................50
Booting ROM Mode from a Flash Device......................................................................................50
Configuring SNMP..........................................................................................................................51
Configuring RMON........................................................................................................................51
Configuring RMON on a Set/Clear−Based Interface.....................................................................51
Using Set/Clear Command Set Recall Key Sequences..........................................................................52
Using IOS−Based Command Editing Keys and Functions...................................................................52
Chapter 3: WAN Switching.............................................................................................................................54
In Depth.................................................................................................................................................54
WAN Transmission Media....................................................................................................................55
Synchronous Transport Signal (STS)..............................................................................................56
Cisco WAN Switches............................................................................................................................57
MGX 8200 Series............................................................................................................................57
IGX 8400 Series..............................................................................................................................58
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Table of Contents
Chapter 3: WAN Switching
BPX 8600 Series Wide−Area Switches..........................................................................................58
MGX 8800 Series Wide−Area Edge Switches...............................................................................59
WAN Switch Hardware Overview........................................................................................................59
Cisco WAN Switch Network Topologies..............................................................................................60
Network Management............................................................................................................................61
The CLI...........................................................................................................................................61
WAN Manager................................................................................................................................61
Accessing and Setting Up IGX and BPX Switches...............................................................................62
Adding New Users..........................................................................................................................62
Displaying a User’s Password.........................................................................................................62
Changing a User’s Password...........................................................................................................62
Using the History Command...........................................................................................................63
Displaying a Summary of All Card Modules..................................................................................63
Displaying Detailed Information for a Card Module......................................................................63
Displaying the Power and Temperature of a Switch.......................................................................63
Displaying the ASM Statistics for BPX..........................................................................................63
Configuring the ASM Setting for BPX...........................................................................................63
Logging Out....................................................................................................................................63
Resetting the Switch........................................................................................................................63
Displaying Other Switches..............................................................................................................64
Setting the Switch Name.................................................................................................................64
Setting the Time Zone.....................................................................................................................64
Configuring the Time and Date.......................................................................................................64
Configuring the Control and Auxiliary Ports..................................................................................64
Modifying the Functions of the Control and Auxiliary Ports.........................................................64
Configuring the Printing Function..................................................................................................64
Configuring the LAN Interface.......................................................................................................64
Accessing the MGX 8850 and 8220......................................................................................................65
Adding New Users..........................................................................................................................65
Changing Passwords........................................................................................................................65
Assigning a Switch Hostname.........................................................................................................65
Displaying a Summary of All Modules...........................................................................................66
Displaying Detailed Information for the Current Card...................................................................66
Changing the Time and Date...........................................................................................................66
Displaying the Configuration of the Maintenance and Control Ports.............................................66
Displaying the IP Address...............................................................................................................66
Configuring the IP Interface............................................................................................................67
Displaying the Alarm Level of the Switch......................................................................................67
Chapter 4: LAN Switch Architectures............................................................................................................68
In Depth.................................................................................................................................................68
The Catalyst Crescendo Architecture....................................................................................................68
BUS.................................................................................................................................................68
ASICs..............................................................................................................................................69
The Crescendo Processors...............................................................................................................71
Crescendo Logic Units....................................................................................................................71
Other Cisco Switch Processors, Buses, ASICs, and Logic Units..........................................................72
CAM................................................................................................................................................72
AXIS Bus........................................................................................................................................72
CEF ASIC........................................................................................................................................73
Phoenix ASIC..................................................................................................................................75
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Chapter 4: LAN Switch Architectures
LCP..................................................................................................................................................75
SAGE ASIC....................................................................................................................................75
QTP ASIC.......................................................................................................................................75
QMAC.............................................................................................................................................76
Bridging Types......................................................................................................................................76
Source Route Bridging....................................................................................................................76
Source Route Transparent Bridging................................................................................................77
Source Route Translational Bridging..............................................................................................77
Transparent Bridging.......................................................................................................................77
Source Route Switching..................................................................................................................77
Switching Paths......................................................................................................................................78
Process Switching............................................................................................................................78
Fast Switching.................................................................................................................................78
Autonomous Switching...................................................................................................................79
Silicon Switching............................................................................................................................79
Optimum Switching........................................................................................................................79
Distributed Switching......................................................................................................................79
NetFlow Switching..........................................................................................................................79
System Message Logging......................................................................................................................80
Loading an Image on the Supervisor Engine III....................................................................................80
Booting the Supervisor Engine III from Flash.......................................................................................81
Setting the Boot Configuration Register................................................................................................81
Configuring Cisco Express Forwarding.................................................................................................81
Enabling CEF..................................................................................................................................81
Disabling CEF.................................................................................................................................81
Enabling dCEF................................................................................................................................82
Disabling dCEF...............................................................................................................................82
Disabling CEF on an Individual Interface.......................................................................................82
Configuring CEF Load Balancing...................................................................................................82
Disabling CEF Load Balancing.......................................................................................................82
Enabling Network Accounting for CEF..........................................................................................82
Setting Network Accounting for CEF to Collect Packet Numbers.................................................82
Viewing Network Accounting for CEF Statistics...........................................................................82
Viewing CEF Packet−Dropped Statistics.......................................................................................83
Viewing Non−CEF Path Packets....................................................................................................83
Disabling Per−Destination Load Sharing..............................................................................................83
Viewing the Adjacency Table on the 8500 GSR...................................................................................83
Clearing the Adjacency Table on the 8500 GSR...................................................................................83
Enabling Console Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS..........................................83
Enabling Telnet Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS.............................................84
Disabling Console Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS.........................................84
Disabling Telnet Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS............................................84
Setting the System Message Severity Levels on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS............................84
Enabling the Logging Time Stamp on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch......................................84
Disabling the Logging Time Stamp on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch.....................................85
Configuring the Logging Buffer Size on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch...................................85
Clearing the Server Logging Table........................................................................................................85
Disabling Server Logging......................................................................................................................85
Displaying the Logging Configuration..................................................................................................86
Displaying System Logging Messages..................................................................................................86
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Table of Contents
Chapter 5: Virtual Local Area Networks.......................................................................................................88
In Depth.................................................................................................................................................88
The Flat Network of Yesterday..............................................................................................................88
Why Use VLANs?.................................................................................................................................89
VLAN Basics..................................................................................................................................90
A Properly Switched Network........................................................................................................90
Switched Internetwork Security......................................................................................................91
Scaling with VLANs..............................................................................................................................92
VLAN Boundaries...........................................................................................................................92
VLAN Membership Types..............................................................................................................93
Traffic Patterns Flowing through the Network...............................................................................93
Cisco’s VLAN Recommendations..................................................................................................93
VLAN Trunking.....................................................................................................................................94
Trunk Types....................................................................................................................................94
LAN Emulation (LANE).................................................................................................................97
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)...........................................................................................................97
VTP Versions..................................................................................................................................98
VTP Advertisements.......................................................................................................................98
VTP Switch Modes.......................................................................................................................100
Methods for VLAN Identification.................................................................................................101
Dynamic Trunking Protocol..........................................................................................................101
InterVLAN Routing.............................................................................................................................101
Internal Route Processors..............................................................................................................102
How InterVLAN Routing Works..................................................................................................102
Configuring a Static VLAN on a Catalyst 5000 Series Switch...........................................................103
Configuring Multiple VLANs on a Catalyst 5000 Series Switch........................................................103
Creating VLANs on a Catalyst 1900EN Series...................................................................................103
Assigning a Static VLAN to an Interface on a 1900EN Series...........................................................104
Viewing the VLAN Configuration on a 1900 Series...........................................................................105
Viewing an Individual VLAN Configuration on a 1900 Series..........................................................105
Configuring a Trunk Port on a Cisco 5000 Series...............................................................................105
Mapping VLANs to a Trunk Port........................................................................................................107
Configuring a Trunk Port on a Cisco 1900EN Series..........................................................................107
Clearing VLANs from Trunk Links on a Cisco 5000 Series...............................................................107
Clearing VLANs from Trunk Links on a Cisco 1900EN Series.........................................................107
Verifying a Trunk Link Configuration on a 5000 Series.....................................................................108
Verifying a Trunk Link Configuration on a 1900EN Series................................................................108
Configuring the VTP Version on a Catalyst 5000 Switch...................................................................108
Configuring a VTP Domain on a Catalyst 1900 Switch......................................................................109
Setting a VTP Domain Password on a Catalyst Switch.......................................................................109
Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch as a VTP Server.........................................................................109
Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch as a VTP Client.........................................................................109
Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch for Transparent Mode................................................................109
Configuring VTP Pruning on a Catalyst 1900 Switch.........................................................................110
Configuring VTP on a Set/Clear CLI Switch......................................................................................110
Configuring VTP on a 1900 Cisco IOS CLI Switch...........................................................................110
Verifying the VTP Configuration on a Set/Clear CLI.........................................................................111
Displaying VTP Statistics....................................................................................................................111
Configuring VTP Pruning on a Set/Clear CLI Switch........................................................................112
Disabling Pruning for Unwanted VLANs............................................................................................112
Configuring IP InterVLAN Routing on an External Cisco Router......................................................112
Configuring IPX InterVLAN Routing on an External Router.............................................................113
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Table of Contents
Chapter 6: InterVLAN and Basic Module Configuration..........................................................................114
In Depth...............................................................................................................................................114
Internal Route Processors....................................................................................................................114
Available Route Processors...........................................................................................................116
Routing Protocol Assignment.......................................................................................................120
Supervisor Engine Modules.................................................................................................................120
Supervisor Engines I and II...........................................................................................................120
Supervisor Engine III....................................................................................................................121
Using the Supervisor Engine.........................................................................................................122
Etherport Modules...............................................................................................................................122
Port Security..................................................................................................................................123
Manually Configured MAC Addresses.........................................................................................123
Determining the Slot Number in Which a Module Resides................................................................123
Accessing the Internal Route Processor from the Switch....................................................................124
Configuring a Hostname on the RSM..................................................................................................124
Assigning an IP Address and Encapsulation Type to an Ethernet Interface........................................125
Setting the Port Speed and Port Name on an Ethernet Interface.........................................................125
Configuring a Default Gateway on a Catalyst 5000............................................................................126
Verifying the IP Configuration on a Catalyst 5000.............................................................................126
Enabling RIP on an RSM.....................................................................................................................126
Viewing the RSM’s Running Configuration.......................................................................................127
Configuring InterVLAN Routing on an RSM.....................................................................................127
Configuring IPX InterVLAN Routing on the RSM.............................................................................128
Configuring AppleTalk InterVLAN Routing on an RSM...................................................................128
Viewing the RSM Configuration.........................................................................................................129
Assigning a MAC Address to a VLAN...............................................................................................129
Viewing the MAC Addresses..............................................................................................................129
Configuring Filtering on an Ethernet Interface....................................................................................130
Configuring Port Security on an Ethernet Module..............................................................................130
Clearing MAC Addresses....................................................................................................................131
Configuring the Catalyst 5000 Supervisor Engine Module.................................................................131
Setting the boot config−register on the Supervisor Engine Module....................................................132
Changing the Management VLAN on a Supervisor Engine................................................................133
Viewing the Supervisor Engine Configuration....................................................................................133
Configuring the Cisco 2621 External Router for ISL Trunking..........................................................134
Configuring Redundancy Using HSRP...............................................................................................135
Chapter 7: IP Multicast..................................................................................................................................137
In Depth...............................................................................................................................................137
IP Multicasting Overview....................................................................................................................137
Broadcast.......................................................................................................................................138
Unicast...........................................................................................................................................138
Multicast........................................................................................................................................139
IP Multicasting Addresses...................................................................................................................140
The Multicast IP Structure............................................................................................................140
Delivery of Multicast Datagrams..................................................................................................142
Multicast Distribution Tree...........................................................................................................142
Multicast Forwarding....................................................................................................................143
IGMP Protocols.............................................................................................................................143
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)....................................................................................145
IGMPv1.........................................................................................................................................145
IGMPv2.........................................................................................................................................146
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Chapter 7: IP Multicast
Time to Live..................................................................................................................................147
Multicast at Layer 2.............................................................................................................................147
IGMP Snooping.............................................................................................................................147
Cisco Group Management Protocol..............................................................................................148
Router Group Management Protocol............................................................................................148
GARP Multicast Registration Protocol.........................................................................................149
Configuring IP Multicast Routing.......................................................................................................149
Disabling IP Multicast Routing.....................................................................................................149
Enabling PIM on an Interface.......................................................................................................149
Disabling PIM on an Interface......................................................................................................149
Configuring the Rendezvous Point................................................................................................150
Adding a Router to a Multicast Group.................................................................................................150
Configuring a Router to Be a Static Multicast Group Member....................................................150
Restricting Access to a Multicast Group.......................................................................................150
Changing the IGMP Version...............................................................................................................150
Changing the IGMP Host−Query Message Interval............................................................................151
Configuring Multicast Groups.............................................................................................................151
Removing Multicast Groups................................................................................................................151
Configuring Multicast Router Ports.....................................................................................................151
Displaying Multicast Routers........................................................................................................151
Removing the Multicast Router....................................................................................................152
Configuring IGMP Snooping...............................................................................................................152
Disabling IGMP Snooping............................................................................................................152
Configuring IGMP Fast−Leave Processing.........................................................................................152
Disabling IGMP Fast−Leave Processing......................................................................................152
Displaying IGMP Statistics.................................................................................................................153
Displaying Multicast Routers Learned from IGMP.............................................................................153
Displaying IGMP Multicast Groups....................................................................................................153
Configuring CGMP..............................................................................................................................154
Disabling CGMP...........................................................................................................................154
Enabling CGMP Fast−Leave Processing......................................................................................154
Disabling CGMP Fast−Leave Processing.....................................................................................154
Displaying CGMP Statistics..........................................................................................................154
Configuring RGMP on the Switch.......................................................................................................155
Disabling RGMP on the Switch....................................................................................................155
Configuring RGMP on the Router.......................................................................................................155
Disabling RGMP on the Router....................................................................................................155
Displaying RGMP Groups...................................................................................................................155
Displaying RGMP−Capable Router Ports...........................................................................................156
Displaying RGMP VLAN Statistics....................................................................................................156
Configuring GMRP..............................................................................................................................156
Disabling GMRP...........................................................................................................................157
Enabling GMRP on Individual Ports.............................................................................................157
Disabling GMRP on Individual Ports...........................................................................................157
Enabling GMRP Forward−All......................................................................................................157
Disabling GMRP Forward−All.....................................................................................................157
Configuring GMRP Registration...................................................................................................157
Displaying the GMRP Configuration............................................................................................158
Setting GMRP Timers...................................................................................................................158
Displaying GMRP Timers.............................................................................................................158
Configuring Bandwidth−Based Suppression.......................................................................................159
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Table of Contents
Chapter 7: IP Multicast
Configuring Packet−Based Suppression..............................................................................................159
Disabling Multicast Suppression.........................................................................................................159
Chapter 8: WAN Cell Switching...................................................................................................................160
In Depth...............................................................................................................................................160
ATM Overview....................................................................................................................................160
LANE............................................................................................................................................161
ATM Protocols..............................................................................................................................162
ATM Circuit Switching.................................................................................................................162
ATM Cells.....................................................................................................................................162
The ATM Switch and ATM Endpoints.........................................................................................164
The ATM Reference Model..........................................................................................................164
Specifying ATM Connections.......................................................................................................166
ATM Addressing...........................................................................................................................167
Local Area Network Emulation (LANE).............................................................................................167
LANE Components.......................................................................................................................168
Integrated Local Management Interface (ILMI)...........................................................................172
LANE Communication..................................................................................................................172
LANE Configuration Guidelines...................................................................................................174
How LANE Works........................................................................................................................174
Implementing LANE.....................................................................................................................175
Configuring ATM on the 5000 Switch..........................................................................................175
Connecting in an ATM Network...................................................................................................177
Monitoring and Maintaining LANE....................................................................................................178
Accessing the ATM LANE Module....................................................................................................178
Displaying the Selector Field...............................................................................................................178
Configuring the LES/BUS...................................................................................................................179
Verifying the LES/BUS Configuration.........................................................................................179
Configuring a LEC for an ELAN.........................................................................................................179
Verifying a LEC Configuration on an ELAN...............................................................................180
Configuring the LECS...................................................................................................................181
Viewing the LANE Database........................................................................................................181
Binding the LECS Address to an Interface...................................................................................181
Verifying the LECS Configuration...............................................................................................182
Chapter 9: LightStream Switches.................................................................................................................183
In Depth...............................................................................................................................................183
LightStream 100..................................................................................................................................183
LightStream 1010................................................................................................................................184
LightStream 2020................................................................................................................................185
Neighborhood Discovery Function...............................................................................................186
Virtual Path Connections.....................................................................................................................186
LightStream Troubleshooting Tools....................................................................................................187
LightStream Boot Process.............................................................................................................187
Supported Troubleshooting Protocols...........................................................................................188
Snooping Mechanisms..................................................................................................................188
Multiprotocol Over ATM..............................................................................................................188
Configuring the Hostname...................................................................................................................189
Configuring an Enable Password.........................................................................................................189
Configuring the Processor Card Ethernet Interface.............................................................................189
Configuring Virtual Private Tunnels...................................................................................................190
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Table of Contents
Chapter 9: LightStream Switches
Verifying an ATM Interface Connection Status..................................................................................190
Viewing the Configured Virtual Connections.....................................................................................191
Configuring the LECS ATM Address on a LightStream 1010 Switch...............................................191
Configuring the Advertised LECS Address.........................................................................................191
Viewing the LANE Configuration.......................................................................................................191
Viewing the Installed Modules............................................................................................................192
Configuring the MPC...........................................................................................................................193
Configuring the MPS...........................................................................................................................193
Changing the MPS Variables........................................................................................................193
Monitoring the MPS......................................................................................................................194
Enabling ILMI Autoconfiguration.......................................................................................................194
Configuring LANE on a LightStream 1010.........................................................................................194
Powering on the LightStream 100 ATM Switch.................................................................................195
Configuring the LS100 Switch............................................................................................................195
Recovering a Lost Password................................................................................................................196
Chapter 10: Layer 2 Redundant Links.........................................................................................................199
In Depth...............................................................................................................................................199
Layer 2 Switching Overview...............................................................................................................199
Frames..................................................................................................................................................199
Broadcast and Multicast Frames...................................................................................................200
Unknown Unicasts........................................................................................................................200
Layer 2 Network Loops.......................................................................................................................200
Danger! Data Loops!.....................................................................................................................201
Edsger Dijkstra’s Graph Theory....................................................................................................201
STP Root Bridges..........................................................................................................................202
Bridge Protocol Data Units...........................................................................................................203
Root Bridge Selection...................................................................................................................205
Spanning Tree Convergence Time................................................................................................207
STP Port States..............................................................................................................................208
Per−VLAN Spanning Tree............................................................................................................209
EtherChannel........................................................................................................................................209
Link Failure...................................................................................................................................210
Port Aggregation Protocol.............................................................................................................210
Fast Convergence Components of STP...............................................................................................211
PortFast..........................................................................................................................................211
UplinkFast.....................................................................................................................................211
BackboneFast................................................................................................................................212
Enabling STP on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch......................................................................212
Enabling STP on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch for All VLANs............................................213
Disabling STP on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch.....................................................................213
Disabling STP on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch by VLAN...................................................213
Viewing the STP Configuration on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch.........................................213
Configuring STP on an IOS Command−Based Switch.......................................................................214
Disabling STP on an IOS Command−Based Switch...........................................................................214
Viewing the STP Configuration on a Command Line Switch.............................................................215
Configuring the STP Root Switch.......................................................................................................215
Configuring the STP Secondary Root Switch.....................................................................................215
Setting the Root Bridge for More than One VLAN on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch...........216
Assigning a Port Cost to a Port Using the Set/Clear Command−Based IOS......................................216
Assigning a Port Cost to a Port Using a CLI−Based Switch...............................................................216
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