Circulatory and Developmental Aspects of Brain Metabolism

439 Pages·1980·10.902 MB·English

by  S. Kanazir (auth.), Maria Spatz, B. B. Mršulja, Lj. M. Rakić, W. D. Lust (eds.)

Circulatory and
Developmental Aspects
of Brain Metabolism
Circulatoryand
Developmental Aspects
of Brain Metabolism
Edited by
MariaSpatz
u.s.
Departrnent of Hea/th, Education. and Welfare
Laboratory of Neuropath%gy and Neuroanatom;cal Sc;ences
N./.N.C.D.S., N./.H., Bethesda, Maryland
8.8. Mrsulja, Lj. M. Rakic
Un;versity of Be/grade, Be/grade, Yugoslavia
and
W.D.Lust
Laboratory of Neurochemistry
N./.N.C.D.S., N./.H., Bethesda, Mary/and
PLENUM PRESS· NEW YORK AND LONDON
library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Symposium on the Pathophysiology of Cerebral Energy Metabolism,
2d, Belgrad, 1979.
Circulatory and developmental aspects of brain metabolism.
"Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Pathophysiology of
Cerebral Energy Metabolism, organized and sponsored by the Serbian Academy of
Sciences and Art, in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, September 16-20, 1979."
Includes index.
1. Cerebral ischemia-Congresses. 2. Brain chemistry-Congresses. 3. Brain-Growth
Congresses.4. Energy metabolism-Congresses. I. Spatz, Maria. 11. Srpska akademija
nauka i umetnosti, Belgrad. 111. Title. [DNLM: 1. Brain-Metabolism-Congresses.
2. Energy metabolism-Cogresses. 3. Cerebral ischemia-Physiopathology-Congresses.
W3 IN924GE 2d 1979c I WL300 16127 1979cl
RC388.5.1516 1979 616.8'1 80-18746
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-3838-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-3838-9
001: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3838-9
Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Pathophysiology of Cerebra I
Energy Metabolism, organized and sponsored by the Serbian Academy of Sciences and
Art, and held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, September 16-20, 1979.
© 1980 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1980
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
This monograph contains the Proceedings of the Second
International Symposium on the Pathophysiology of Cerebral
Energy Metabolism, organized and sponsored by the Serbian
Academy of Sciences and Art, in Belgrade, September 16-20,
1979.
The purpose of the SYmposium was to promote an inter
disciplinary discussion on Circu1atory and Deve1oprnenta1
Aspects of Brain Metabolism. Doctors G. Buznikov (Moscow),
I. Klatzo (Bethesda), B.B. Mrsulja (Belgrade) . O.Z.
Se1inger (Ann Arbor), and M. Spatz (Bethesda) served as
members of the Advisory Board, chaired by Dr. Lj.H.
Raki6 (Belgrade) , and he1ped to plan the scientific pro
gram.
v
CONTENTS
Opening Address 1
S. Kanazir
SECTION I
CIRCULATORY ASPECTS
Ischemia Related Changes in Adenine Nucleotide
Metabolism . • . • . • . • • . . • • . • . • 5
N. Murakami, W.D. Lust, F.A.M. de Azeredo
and J.V. Passonneau
Regional Glucose Metabolism and Nerve Cell
Damage after Cerebral Ischemia in Normo- and
Hypoglycemic Rats ••••• • . . • . • . • 23
N.H. Diemer and E. Siemkowicz
Nuclear Cell Regulatory l>1echanism in Cerebral
Ischemia and Anoxia • • • • • . . • • • • . •. 33
T. Yanagihara
Correlation of Amino Acid Concentrations,
Permeability and Structural Changes in Monkey
Brain Following Both Sustained and Transient
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion • • • • . • •. 47
K.A. Conger and J •. H. Garcia
Histochemical and Biochemical Investigations
on ATPase Activity Following Transient Brain
Ischemia in Gerbils • • . . • • • • . . 65
B.J. Mrsulja and B.B. Mrsulja
The Ischemic and Postischemic Effect on the
Activities of Cerebral Monoamine Oxidase,
Cytochrome Oxidase and Acetylcholinesterase
in Mongolian Gerbils • . . . • . • • 81
D. Mieie, K. Abe, W.D. Rausch, T. Abe
and M. Spatz
vii
viii CONTENTS
Oscillatory Pattern of Catecholamine
Metabolism Following Transient Cerebra 1
Ischemia in Gerbils . . . . . . 97
v.
Cvejic, B.M. Djuricic and
B. B. Mrsulja
Influence of Barbiturates, Hypothermia
and Hemodilution on Post-Ischemic
Metabolism and Functional Recovery
Following Cerebro-Circulatory Arrest
in Cats . . . . . . . . 103
w.
van den Kerckhoff, Y. Matsuoka,
w.
Paschen and K.-A. Hossmann
Behavior of the Habenulo-Pineal Complex
in Deep Hypothermia (Cold, Hypoxia,
Hypercapnia) 123
R. Miline, J. Milin, M. Matavulj,
M. Vukovic and D. Vujaskovic
Mechanisms of Ischemic Brain Damage in Acute
Arterial Hypertension 135
I.V. Gannushkina and M.V. Baranchikova
The Effect of Chemically and Electrically
Induced Acute Hypertension on the Permeability
Across Cerebral Vessels 143
E. Westergaard
The Pathology of Intracerebral Arteriolar
Spasm 155
W. Roggendorf and J. Cervos-Navarro
Intravascular Aggregation of Platelets and
Cerebrovascular Insufficiency . . . . 169
T. Fujimoto, Y. Inaba, T. Motomiya
and H. Yamazaki
Further Studies on Isolated Brain Capillaries:
Some Characteristics of the Adenosine
Triphosphatase, Adenylate- and Guanylate
Cyclase . . . . . 181
F. Joo, I. Karnushina, I. T6th
and E. Dux
Metabolie Patterns in Cerebral Capillaries 203
B.B. Mrsulja, B.M. Djuri~ic and
D.V. Micic
CONTENTS
Studies on the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
to Monoamines . . . . . . . . 215
T. Abe, K. Abe, D. Micic, B.M. Djuricic,
B.B. Mrsulja and M. Spatz
Dynamics of postischemia:
Enzymes in Brain Capillaries 225
B.M. Djuricic and B.B. Mrsulja
SECTION 11
DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS
Ontogeny of Membrane-Bound Protein
Phosphorylating Systems in the Rat . 239
R. Rodnight and H. Holmes
Tubulin in Developing Rat Brain: Regional
Distribution and Effect of Glucocorticoids 247
R. Mileusnic, S. Kanazir and
Lj.M. Rakic
Transfer Ribonucleic Acids in the
Developing Brain: The Effect of the
Convulsant Methionine Sulfoximine on
tRNA Function 261
O. Der and O.Z. Sellinger
General and Regional Turnover of Ribosomal
Ribonucleic Acids in the Brain of Male and
Female Rats During Postnatal Development . . 279
S.L. Petrovic, M.B. Novakovic, L.M. Rakic,
J.J. Ivanus, R.I. Tepavac and A.I. Berner
Changes of the Soluble and Insoluble
Glycoprotein Glycans During Rat Brain
Development 299
C. Di Benedetta, P. Corsi, G. Gennarini
and F. Vitiello
Acid Mucopolysaccharides and Myelin
Development 311
M. Rusic, M. Levental and Lj. Rakic
Neuronal-Glial Interactions During Neural
Growth in Culture 323
A. Vernadakis
x CONTENTS
Effeets of Convulsions on Rabbit
Hippoeampal Gangliosides During
Hippoeampus Development • • • • . • • • • • •• 337
D. Kostic and A. Vranesevic
Brain Development and Learning 347
M.E. Bitterman
Early Sea Ure hin Embryo as a Model for the
Study of Pre-Nervous Funetions of
Neurotransmitters. New Data ••• 361
G.A. Buznikov, B.N. Manukhin, L.M. Rakic
and T.M. Turpaev
Effeet of Unilateral Deafferentation on
the Development of the Lateral Genieulate
Nueleus of the Dog • . • . • • • 373
L. Lazarevic, Lj.M. Rakic and
N.N. Lyubimov
Anatomo-Histologieal Studies of Caudate
Nueleus - Visual System Relations 391
Lj.M. Rakic, L. Lazarevic, N.N. Ly~bimov
and J.J. Ivanus
Development of the Medullo-Spinal
Cerebrospinal Fluid-Contaeting Neurons 403
B. Vigh, I. Vigh-Teiehmann and
R. Oisson
Phylogenetie Aspeets of the Sensory Neurons
of the Wall of the Dieneephalon • • • . • • 415
I. Vigh-Teiehmann, B. Vigh, P. Rohlieh
and R. Olsson
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PARTICIPANTS • • 429
INDEX • • . • • . • • . • . • • . • • • • • •• 433
INTRODUCTION
S. Kanazir
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Ladies and Gentlemen: It is a privilege and an
honor to welcome all of you on behalf of the Serbian
Academy of Sciences and Arts to the Symposium on
Circulatory and Developmental Aspects of Brain Metabolism.
I am fully aware that an appropriate welcome for
an audience of extremely competent and prominent scien
tists such as this one is not a very easy task. The
fact that I am not a neuroscientist makes it an even
more difficult assignment. In any case, let me proceed
in a way characteristic of a molecular biologist who
began his career by investigating bacteria (E. coli and
salmonella), but has considered switching over to brain
research. The brain is a most fascinating, challenging
and attractive enigma. The problems of brain and mind
are not neWi they have been known since ancient times
but now with a greater understanding of molecular
biology and neuropharmacology the undertaking seems
more reasonable.
The human brain represents a most complex and
highly integrated system of molecules. Its structure
along with its bioelectrical, biophysical or biochemical
functions, forms an organic unit. The advances in
neural sciences and pathophysiology of the brain led to
a remarkable understanding of some facets of brain
functions. This knowledge has improved the treatment
of some neurological and mental disorders. The specta
cular progress made in the fields of brain anatomy,
physiology, molecular biology, neuroendocrinology and
2 s. KANAZIR
psychopharmacology strongly suggests a relationship
between the macromolecular interactions of cells in the
brain and behavior, thought, perception, emotion and
sleep. These cellular reactions are interrelated and
genetically controlled: the regulated gene expression
results in the orderly appearance of specific proteins.
Many factors such as hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs
and other substances modulate the rate of gene expres
sion in the brain cell, as weIl as in other cells, but
these changes in the brain may be particularly important
in the regulation of thoughts and behavior of human
beings. Recent studies have also shown that the meta
bolism not only proceeds with great rapidity and intensity
in the brain cells, but that the turnover of most sub
strates also occurs at a fairly high rate. Therefore,
a question can be raised: what is the molecular basis
for the stability of brain structure? Consequently,
does the gene expression in the brain control the
structure and perhaps the higher mental functions of
the brain? The developing brain provides achallenging
biological system for the study of the requlation of
gene expression (i.e., the dynamic molecular processes
underlying the structure and function of the brain) .
There is hope that these studies will relate gene
expression in the brain to the changing patterns of
brain biochemistry, as weIl as to the physiological and
mental (associative) activities.
In spite of the spectacular achievements in neural
sciences, the brain is so imperfectly understood tha.t
we simply da not know enough about the molecular biology
of brain in order to deduce any facts related to its
integral performance. The present research provides a
description and a comprehensive picture of the brain
metabolism, but it does not explain the higher mental
functions in molecular terms.
We have therefore reached a stage of knowledge
where, as in other fields of molecular biology, "the
more we know, the better we understand, the more we have
to learn". As we learn more about the brain, the more
we Tealize how little we know about its integral per
formance. There are some fragmentary principles known
about the nervous system including the nature of the
nerve impulse and its transmission, but we have no
scientific explanation for the working brain. with
respect to this matter, several questions can be raised:
Is the brain as a biological system comprehensible to
the human mind? ~.re our physiological concepts of the
brain's functioning too simplistic? Are they a reality?