Ciba Foundation Symposium - The Exocrine Pancreas: Normal and Abnormal Functions

434 Pages·1962·8.17 MB·English

THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS
Normal and Abnormal Functions
Ciba Foundation Symposia
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CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM
ON
THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS
Normal and Abnormal Functions
Editors for the Ciba Foundation
v. s.
A. DE MUCK, M.SC., D.I.C., A.R.C.S.
and
MARGARET P. CAMERON, M.A.
With 91 Illustrations
J. and A. CHURCHILL LTD.
104 Gloucester Place, London, W.I
1962
ALLR IGHTSR ESERVED
This book is protected under the Berne Convention.
It may not be reproduced by any means, in whole
or in part, without permission. Application with
regard to reproduction should be addressed to the
Pu blishers.
Printed in Great Britain
THEC iba Foundation, a unique international institution, owes
its inception to the generosity of CIBA Limited, Basle. However,
being established under British trust law, it enjoys complete
independence in practice and policy.
Under the guidance of its distinguished Trustees, the Founda-
tion offers accommodation to scientists from all over the world
at its home in Portland Place. Foremost in its activities is the
organization of small conferences, the proceedings of which are
published in book form in the manner of the present volume.
The Foundation convenes many other informal discussions
between research workers of different disciplines and different
nationalities and each year invites an outstanding authority to
deliver a special lecture. An exchange programme between
French and British postgraduates is conducted and a library
service is available. Furthermore, the Ciba Foundation attempts
in every other way possible to aid scientists, whether they be
Nobel Laureates or young graduates making their first original
contribution to research.
The purpose of the Ciba Foundation, which is to promote
international co-operation in medical and chemical research, is
symbolized in the armorial bearings by five interlaced rings
representing the continents, a black sacrificial cock (emblem of
Aesculapius) holding a medical caduceus, and three regular
hexagons for chemistry. Its domicile in London is indicated by
the red sword of St. Paul and the British lion; the wyvern and
the crozier, symbols associated with Basle, refer to the sponsoring
firm located in &IS ancient Swiss town.
V
THE CIBA FOUNDATION
for the Promotion of International Cwperation in Medical and Chemical Research
41 PORTLANPDL ACBL, ONDONW, .l.
Trustees
THER IGHT HON.L ORDA DRIAN,O .M., F.R.S.
THER IGHT HON. LORDB EVERIDGEK, .C.B., F.B.A.
THER IGHT HONL. ORDB RAIN, U.D., D.C.L.
THEH ON.S IR GEORGLEL OYD-JACOB
SIR RAYMONDN EEDHAMQ,. C., F.S.A.
Executive Council
THER IGHTH ON.LO RD BEAIN,L L.D., Sm ARTHURV B~BH ARVECY.B,.E .
D.C.L.,C hairman M.P.
DR. F. GROSS THEH ON.S IR GEORGLEL OYD-JACOB
PROPESSOAR. HADDOWF,. R.S. PROFESSOF.R G. YOUNGF,.R .S.
Director, and Secretary to the Executive Council
DR. G. E. W. WOLSTBNHOOL.MB.EE. ,
Deputy Director
MR. A. v. s. DE REUCK, M.SC.
Assistant Secretary
Mrss N. BLAND
Scientific Assistant and Librarian Editorial Assistant
Mxss M. P. CAMERONM, .A. Mrss MAEVEO 'CONNORB, .A.
Conference Rcsistant
MRS. NANCYG . SPUPFORD
PREFACE
THISS ymposium arose out of a suggestion made by Dr. H. D.
Janowitz, who pointed out that the Ciba Foundation had not
hitherto devoted a meeting to any aspect of the alimentary tract.
The scope and structure of the Symposium owe much to Dr.
Janowitz’s generous advice and assistance with the organization
of the meeting.
All those connected with the Symposium would also wish to
pay tribute to Professor Sheila Sherlock, who was persuaded to
take the Chair, and whose skilful guidance contributed so much
to the discussions recorded here.
The meeting brought together a catholic range of specialists,
including investigators who had been working on the morphology
of the exocrine pancreas, thosc concerned with the processes of
electrolyte and enzyme secretion by the gland, and also some
concerned with the metabolic aspects of exocrine pancreatic
disease.
The membership was kept small, as at all Ciba Foundation
meetings, in the interests of free and intimate discussion, but it is
hoped that the publication of these proceedings wrll enable a
much wider interested public to share to some extent in a most
rewarding occasion, and that many may be stimulated by the
general discussion at the end covering topics for future research-
zymogen granules; the nervous control of pancreatic secretions ;
pancreatic regeneration; standardization of tests ; the genetics of
pancreatic disease; and pancreatic biopsy.
vii
CONTENTS
Ultrastructure and Histochemistry
PAGE
The h es tructure of the exocrine pancreas cells
by F. S. SJOSTRAND . . . . . . . . , I
Discussion: BORGSTROMEK, HOLMG, ROSSMAHNA, RPERL, . E. HOKIN,
HUNTJ,A NOWITZ, PALADES, HERLOCSKJ,O STFLWD. . I9
Structure, chemistry and function of the pancreatic exocrine cell
by G. E. PALADPE. SIEKEVITZa nd L. G. CARO . . . . 23
Discussion: BORGSTROGMR, OSSMALN. ,E . HOKINM, . R. HOKINH, OWAT,
PALADE, SJOSTRANn . . . . . . . . 49
Histochemistry of the exocrine pancreas
byV. BECKER. . . . . . . . . . 56
Discussion: BECKERD, REILINGE, KHOLM, GROSSMANH,A RPERH,U NT,
JANOWITLZA, GERLOPFA, LADEV, ~GHELYI . . . . . 6 4
Nature of Pancreatic Secretions
Considerations of the occurrence, structure and function of the
proteolytic enzymes of the pancreas
by H. NEURATH . . . . . . . . . 67
Discussion: BORGSTROMD,E SNUELLGE,R OSSMALNA, GERLONF,E URATH,
PALADE,TUNBRIDGE. . . . . . . . 86
Influence of the composition of the diet on the enzyme content of
rat pancreas
by P. DESNUELLJE. ,P . REBOUDa nd A. BENA BDELJLI.L . . g o
Discussion: BORGSTROMBU, RNETT, DESNUELLDER, GILINGGR, OSSMAN,
.
L. E. HOKIN,H UNTJA,N OWITZ, LAGERLONFE, URATHP,A LADEV, m 107
The pancreatic secretion of fluid and electrolytes
by H. D. JANOWITZ and D. A. DREILING . . . . 115
Discussion: BERNDB, JANOWITLZA, GERL~P . . . . I33
*
Short Communication
Relations between the volume and output of bicarbonate in
pancreatic secretion
by J. J. BERNIEaRn d A. LAMBLING . . . . . . I38
Discussion: BERNIERC, ARD, DREILING, HARPER, HUNT,J ANOWITZ,
LAGBBLUP,NEURATE,V~G.HBL.~I . . I45
* *
viii
CONTENTS ix
of
Physiological Control Pancreatic Secretion
-
PAGE
The gastrointestinal hormones secretin and cholecystokinin
by J. E. JORPES and V. MUTT . . . . . . . 150
Discdon: CARDD, ESNUELLDER,E ILINGG, ROSSMAHNO, WATJA, NOWKTZ,
JORPESM, UTT, SAIUES, SIE3RLOCK . . . . . . . 164
The distribution and physiological properties of pancreozymin
by A. A. HARPERE., L. BLAIRan d T. SCRATCHERD . . . 168
Discussion: DREILING,G ROSSMAHNA, RPERL, . E. HOKIN,M . R. HOKIN,
HUNTJ, ANOWITZLA, GERLOSFH, ERLOCK, VBGHJZYX . . . . I82
The synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes by pancreas tissue
in vitro
by L. E. Horn and M ~ ERL. H orn. . . . . . 186
Discussion: DAWSONG, ROSSMAHNA, RPERL, . E. HOKIN,M . R. HOKIN,
JANOWITPZA, LADES, JOSTRANVDI,N K . . . . , 204
Nervous and hormonal regulation of pancreatic secretion
by M. I. GROSSMA.N . . . . . . . . 208
Discussion: DREILINGG, ROSSMANHA, RPER,M . R. HOKIN, HOWAT,
LAGERLOSFH, ERLOCK . . . . . . . . . 220
Assessment of Pancreatic Function
The measurement of pancreatic secretory function
by D. A. DREILINaGn d H. D. JANOWITZ . . . . 225
Discussion: BURNETTD, REILINGG, ROSS,H OWAT,L AGERL~SFA, RLES,
SHERLOCK . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 3
Normal and abnormal digestive function
by G. LUNDHan d B. BORGSTR~M. . . . . . 259
Discussion: BORGSTRODMA, WSOND,R EILINGG,R OSSMAHNO, WATH, UNT,
JANOWITLZA, GERLOSFA,R LES,S HERLOCVK~, GHEL.Y I . . . a74
Abnormal Pancreas: Genetic and Metabolic Aspects
Further observations on the hereditary form of pancreatitis
by J. B. GROSSJ., A. ULRICHan d F. T. MAHER . . . . 278
Discussion: BURNETDT,R EILINGG,R OSSG, ROSSMALN. E, . HOKINH, OWAT,
JANOWITZ, MUTT,S HERLOCTKU, NBRIDVGBEG, HELYVI, INK . . 305
Diagnostic value of the sweat test in cystic fibrosis
~~C.L.J.VINK . . . . . . . . . 310
Diswssion: L. E. Horn, HOWATH, UNT,J ANOWKTMZU,T T, PALADE,
SHERLOCK,V~GHELYIV, INR . . . . . . . . 325
X CONTENTS
PAGE
Protein metabolism and pancreatic function
by P. V. V~GHELYanId T. T. KEM$NY . . . * . 329
Discussion: BORGSTR~DMR, EILPIGGR, OSSMANH,A IWm, L. E. Horn,
. .
LAGERL~NPE, URATSH,m ,S HE~OCISCJ,~ STRANVD~,G HELYI 349
General Discussion
Zymogengranules . . . . . . . . . 353
Nervous control of pancreatic secretion . . . . . . 357
Pancreatic regeneration . . . . 358
Standardization of enzyme methods . . . 3 59
Standardization of function tests . . 362
Standardization of sweat tests. . 3 66
Genetics of pancreatic disease . . . . . . 36 7
Pancreatic biopsy . . . . . . . 370
BECKERB,E BNIERB, ORGSTR~BMUR, NETTC,A RDD,E SNUELDER, SILING,
GROSSG, ROSSMAWN, ELR. E., H orn, M. R. Horn, HOWATH, UNT,
JANOWITZ, JORPESL, AGERLOPM, m, NEURATPHAL, ADE, SAWS,
SHERLOCISCJ,~ STRANVD~, GHELYVII,N K.
Author index . . . . . . . 375
Subjectindex . . . . . . . 377