Churchill: The Unexpected Hero PDF
Preview Churchill: The Unexpected Hero
Churchill This page intentionally left blank CHURCHILL The Unexpected Hero PAUL ADDISON 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan South Korea Poland Portugal Singapore Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Paul Addison 2005 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organizations. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available ISBN 0–19–927934–9 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 Typeset by RefineCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Biddles Ltd., King’s Lynn, Norfolk For Rosy This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgements This book originated with an invitation from the late Colin Matthew to write the article on Churchill for the new Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. I owe a debt of gratitude to him, and also to his successor Brian Harrison, and the staff of the DNB, for all their encouragement and support. Having com- pleted the article, which ran to about 30,000 words, it occurred to me that it could be expanded into a short book in which I would be able to give more space to the analysis of Churchill’s character and career. I am grateful to Ruth Parr at OUP for supporting the initial proposal, to Bonnie Blackburn for impeccable copy- editing, and to Kay Rogers and Anne Gelling for seeing the book efficiently through the press. My agent Bruce Hunter has been an unfailing source of wisdom and encouragement. I am grateful to the University of Edinburgh for granting me the study leave in which to complete this book. Dr Jeremy Crang and Dr David Stafford, my colleagues at the Centre for Second World War Studies, have been the most supportive of colleagues and friends. My thanks are also due to many others for their generous assistance or advice, and especially Professor Geoffrey Best, Dr Angus Calder, Professor Antoine Capet, Mr Sebastian Cox, Dr Frances Dow, Mr Owen Dudley Edwards, Sir Martin Gilbert, Professor Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, Dr Richard Macken- ney, Professor James McMillan, Dr Nicholas Phillipson, vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Professor John Ramsden, Dr Victor Rothwell, Professor George Shepperson, and Mr Ian S. Wood. As ever my greatest debt is to Rosy, James, and Michael. Paul Addison October 2004 viii Contents Abbreviations xi Prologue 1 1. The Youngest Man in Europe, 1874–1901 7 2. The Renegade, 1901–1911 29 3. The Lilliput Napoleon, 1911–1915 57 4. The Winstonburg Line, 1915–1924 82 5. Respectability Won and Lost, 1924–1939 112 6. The Making of a Hero, 1939–1945 153 7. Climbing Olympus, 1945–1965 216 8. Churchill Past and Present 246 Notes 255 Bibliography 275 Index 287
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