Chrysosplenium aureobracteatum (Saxifragaceae), a New Species from South Korea

2015·9 MB·English

by  Yong-In Kim

New
Chrysosplenium aureobracteatum a Species from
(Saxifragaceae),
Korea
South
Kim Kim
and Young-Dong
Yong-In
Department Center Aging and Health Hallym
of Life Science, for Care, University,
Gangwon
Chuncheon, 200-702, Republic Korea
of
[email protected]
[email protected];
Abstract. Chrysosplenium aureobracteatum Y. species sphaerospermum Maxim. [= pilosum
C. C. var.
1.
&
Kim Kim
Y. D. (Saxifragaceae) described as a fulvum (A. Terrace.) H. Hara] and C. valdepilosum
is
&
new Gangwon Kang W. Han [=
species from Province in central Korea. (Ohwi) S. H. C. pilosum var.
J.
The new taxonomic which was uncovered valdepilosum Ohwi], with strong evidence provided by
entity,
previously by molecular systematic study, resembles molecular phylogeny and morphological characteris-
sphaerospermum Maxim,
C. but is readily distin- tics.
guishable by golden bracteal leaves and by the During the molecular phylogenetic study of
its
Kim Kim
long intemodal distances of the distal leaf pairs on Chrysosplenium ser. Pilosa in Korea, and
sterile branches such that leaf pairs are not clustered. (2011) found a novel lineage that is closely allied to
Members
Further, the two species exhibit clear differences in C. sphaerospermum. constituting the lineage
their seed coat morphology, which considered an were found to be distributed in mountainous areas of
is
important diagnostic character in the genus. central Korea, including the northeastern portion of
lUCN
Key words: Chrysosplenium, Gangwon, Gyeonggi Province, and the northwestern part of
Gangwon
Red Province. Extensive observation and
Korea, Saxifragaceae, seed morphology. field
List,
morphology and stem
detailed analysis of habit
floral
and
Chrysosplenium genus during the flowering fruiting periods, as well as
(Saxifragaceae) a of
L.
is
60 analysis of seed coat characters revealed by scanning
perennial herbs, with species distributed through-
new
microscopy (SEM),
out temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, electron suggest that this
new
except for two disjunctive species in Chile (Kara, lineage merits distinction as a species.
& &
Ye
Zhang, Wakabayashi Takaha-
1957; 1994;
&
Kim
Chrysosplenium aureobracteatum
Y. Y.
Han
1.
Northern
1999; ah, 2011). In the
shi, et
TYPE:
D. Kim, nov. South Korea. Gangwon:
sp.
number
Hemisphere,
the greatest of species
is
Gwangdeok Gwangdeok,
along Valley, Mt.
present in eastern Asia (Hara, 1957), where the
Gwangdeok-ri, Sanae-myeon, Hwacheon-gun,
genus thought have arisen, with several
to
is
N
E
38°05'49.2", 127°26'56.1", 632 m, 16
New
independent from Asia
migration events the
to
HHU;
KYI-2009013
Apr. 2009, (holotype,
World The genus has been
ah, 2001).
(Soltis et
HHU, D
KB). Figures 2C,
isotypes,
1,
divided two Chrysosplenium
into sections,
sect.
and
Franch. Chrysosplenium
Oppositifolia sect. Alter-
The new
most
nifolia Franch. (Franchet, 1890). Chrysosplenium has Diagnosis. speeies is similar to Chrys-
osplenium sphaerospermum Maxim., but ean be
distin-
been 17 based on
multiple
also classified into series
guished by golden-yellow braeteal leaves, distal leaf
its its
and
characters of the flower, capsule, seed
leaf,
pairs that are not elustered and are separated by long
morphology
(Hara, 1957). Soltis et (2001)
al.
internodes on branehes, and narrower seeds
sterile its (ea.
mm mm
concluded that Franchet’s sections are monophyletic, 0.56 0.64 sphaerospermum) have
in that
vs. C.
fewer ridges 16 18 smaller tubereles 10
while most of Hara’s series are paraphyletic, with the (ea. vs. ea. (ea.
),
pm
in diam. vs. ea. 15 pm), and few (usually one to 10)
exception of the two series Chrysosplenium Pilosa
ser.
pm
papillae to ea. 5 long on eaeh tuberele.
Maxim, and Macrostemon
Chrysosplenium Hara.
ser.
Among
the six species of Chrysosplenium ser. Perennial herbs small, tender; roots fibrous; sterile
Maxim,
Pilosa, C. pilosum comprises four varieties branches well-developed, 2 to arising from base
4(5)
that represent several taxa that have been formerly of flowering stem, erect until fruiting, growing to
recognized either the species or varietal rank, and equal or greater height than flowering stem
at at full
there is substantial variability in their morphology anthesis, repent after fruiting, branching at axils,
Han
(Hara, 1957). Recently, et (2011) recognized densely pilose. Leaves on sterile branch simple,
al.
X
two of the four varieties from C. pilosum as the opposite, without stipules; blades to 3 3 cm,
Novon 432-436. Published on 9 January 2015. 10.3417/2013018
23:
doi:
Number &
Volume Kim Kim 433
4
23,
2014
Chrysosplenium from South
(Saxifragaceae)
Korea
— — —
&
Kim
Figure Chrysosplenium aureobracteatum Y. L Y. D. Kim. A. Inflorescence. B. Sepal and stamens. C. Carpels.
1.
— — — —
Capsule branch branch
D. with persistent sepals. E. Plant habit. F. Sterile habit in fruiting stage. G. Sterile habit after
A-C drawn from KYI-2009013 HHU); D and F drawn from KYI-2009032 (HHU); E drawn from KYI-
(holotype,
fruiting.
G
2012007 (HHU); drawn KYI-2013003 (HHU).
from
suborbicular or widely ovate (upper ones), flabellate adaxial leaf surfaee sparsely pilose, light green,
(lower ones), apex rounded, base euneate into petiole, abaxial leaf surfaee glabrous or pilose on veins,
mm,
20
margins erenate with 6 obseure teeth on greenish gray; petioles (l-)3-8 pilose. Flowering
to flat
eaeh side; blades largest in the middle of sterile stems ereet, 3.5-14 em, densely pilose, reddish to
branehes, beeoming smaller toward apex and base, purple in lower portion, light green above; leaves on
distal leaf pairs spaeed at long internodal distanees; flowering stems in 2 or pairs, blades flabelliform.
3(4)
27
434 Novon
—
&
Kim Kim
Figure 2. Seeds of Chrysosplenium sphaerospermum Maxim. (A, B) and C. aureobracteatum Y. L Y. D. (C, D). A.
—
Seed of C. sphaerospermum. B. Close-up of seed surface, revealing ridges with more than 10 deciduous papillae on tubercle
— —
(arrow). C. Seed of C. aureobraeteatum. D. Close-up of seed surface, showing ridges of tubercules that are topped by less
A D
than 10 deciduous papillae (one indicated arrow). and B taken from KYI-2013023 (HHU); C and taken from KYI-
at
2013029
(HHU).
X
mm,
2-12 2-12
both leaf surfaces and margin dehiscent; ovary semi-inferior, 1-locular, 2-carpel-
mm,
glabrous, or adaxial leaf surface with sparse clusters with placentae, 0.5-1. 4
late, 2 parietal styles
2,
brown
trichomes along blade margins mm,
of pilose veins,
stigma punctate, disc absent. Fruit a
free, ca. 1
obscurely undulate to crenate or distinctly obtusely mm,
2-lobed capsule, pale green, 5.5
ellipsoid, ca.
9
dentate, with teeth, subtruncate apex;
(4)5 to at
the lobes hom-shaped, unequal, each lobe
slightly
mm,
(l-)3-8
petioles pilose, light green. Inflores-
an numerous,
dehiscent along adaxial suture; seeds
cence a 4- 16-flowered cyme; pedicels sparsely
to
dark brown, narrow ellipsoid with a carina on one
adaxial bracteal leaves golden-yellow
pilose;
at
X
mm,
thick-walled, 0.6-0. 8 5-0.6 with 12
side, 0. to
flowering, turning to light green or yellowish green
17 longitudinal ridges with prolate hemispheroidal
X
5-15 5-12 mm,
both
after fruiting, subflabellate,
pm
each 10
tubercles 10 diam., with
ca. in 1 to
surfaces glabrous, margins glabrous or sparsely
pm
papillae 5 long.
ca.
pilose, obscurely undulate crenate or distinctly
to
4 8
obtusely dentate, with teeth, obtuse
to to
and
Distribution habitat. Chrysosplenium aureo-
mm,
1-3
subtruncate apex; petioles sparsely
at
known
Gwangdeok,
bracteatum from Mt. Mt.
is
pilose. Flowers with 4 petaloid sepals, one pair
Gangwon
Daeseong, and Mt. Dosol Province and
in
overlapping the other in bud, persistent, erect,
Yoomyeong
from Yeonin and Gyeonggi
Mt. Mt.
in
widely widely 1.8-2.
yellow, ovate to subelliptic,
X Province South Korea. The new species has been
mm, in
2 obtuse truncate apex,
ca. to at slightly
m
630 910
from
recurved apex; petals absent; stamens eight, 0.6-1 collected to in elevation, occurring in
at
mm,
deciduous mountain where grows
shorter than sepal, filaments 0.4-0. forests of valleys,
filiform, it
mm; mm,
humid
anthers yellow, 2-locular, 0.2-0.4 laterally in and semi-shady areas near small creeks.
Number &
Volume Kim Kim 435
4
23,
2014
Chrysosplenium from South
(Saxifragaceae)
Korea
&
Kim Kim
Table Morphological comparison of Chrysosplenium aureobracteatum Y. Y. D. and sphaerospermum Maxim.
1. C.
1.
Characters aureobracteatum sphaerospermum
C. C.
Distal leaf pairs on sterile branch after fruiting distant, with long intemodes clustered, with very short internodes
Bracteal leaf color (adaxial surface) golden-yellow green
(mm)
Seed 0.6-0.8 0.6-0.8
length
(mm)
Seed width 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7
Seed width
length: ratios 1.25 (1.12-1.4):! 1.13 (0.94-1.22):!
Number
of ridges on a seed 12 17 16 20
to to
Tubercles on seed ridge diameter (pm) 10 15
ca. ca.
Tubercles on seed ridge shape prolate hemispheroidal hemispheroidal
<
number
on 10 10
Papillae a tubercle
1 to
Papillae on a tubercle length (pm) 5 5-2.5
ca. 1.
lUCN
Red (Han
List category. Chrysosplenium aureo- phyletic taxon et ah, 2011), implying that the
may
bracteatum be categorized as Endangered (EN) recognition of additional varieties within C. pilosum
lUCN
Blab Red
under criteria of the List would be taxonomically inappropriate. This leads us
(iii)
new
and (lUCN, Only
Categories Criteria 2001). five propose the taxon the rank of species rather
to at
known,
populations are with extent of occurrence than as a variety within pilosum.
its C.
(EOO) 5000 km^
estimated to be less than in all five should be emphasized that not only phenological
It
populations. Another reason for the endangered characters and molecular data support the new
assessment the continuing reduction of habitat species; the seed morphology also distinguishes
is its
due to expansion of forest roads after its initial Chrysosplenium aureobracteatum from closely allied
on Gwangdeok, well-known The
discovery Mt. a hiking taxa (Table Eig. seed shape of C.
2).
1,
spot. aureobracteatum a narrow ellipsoid with lower
is
compared
furrows lower ridged) that of
to C.
(i.e.,
Phenology. Chrysosplenium aureobracteatum was
The number
sphaerospermum. on each
of papillae
May
March and
observed
in flower in late to early in
one 10
tubercle are fewer, only in aureobrac-
to C.
May
fruit in late to early July.
number
whereas exceeds 10
teatum,
this in C.
sphaerospermum morphology
Since the seed
(Eig.
2).
The new
Etymology.
specific epithet of this
been and
has considered useful important
for
species taken from the Latin aureus and bractea,
is
delimiting the taxa of Chrysosplenium (Kara, 1957;
which
refers to the distinctive feature of the species
Han
ah, 2011), these distinctive seed characters
et
having golden-yellow bracts the time of flowering.
at
support the recognition of aureobracteatum from
C.
its
closely allied taxon.
Specimens
Discussion. of Chrysosplenium aureo-
bracteatum have been previously misidentified as
C.
SOUTH
KOREA.
Gangwon: Gwang-
Paratypes. Mt.
sphaerospermum \= C. pilosum var. fulvum], princi- deok, Gwangdeok-ri, Sanae-myeon, Hwacheon-gun, N
E
pally because the diagnostic golden-yellow color of 38°06'24.1", 127°26'45.7", 732 m, 27 Apr. 2009,
N
E
KYI-2009022 (HHU), 38°06'10.7", 127°26'45.0",
ambiguous
the bracteal leaves in dried specimens.
is
N
May
663 m, 25 KYI-20090025 (HHU),
2009,
Another
important diagnostic character, the repent
E May
38°06'17.8", 127°26'36.1", 637 m, 25 2009,
stems
habit of sterile after fruiting, also difficult to
is
KYI-2009026 (HHU), KYI-2009027 (HHU), KYI-2009028
which
discern in dried material, delayed discovery of (HHU), KYI-2009032 (HHU), KYI-2009033
(MO); Mt.
N
new Daeseong, Sangseo-myeon, Hwacheon-gun,
this species. This rather cryptic species Bong-o-ri,
is
E May
38°12'24.0", 127°31'35.8", 704 m, 2 2008,
supported by recent molecular systematic analyses
Kim
Youngdong 2008-0062 (HHU); Haean-
Mt. Dosol,
that utilized multiple accessions from several popu-
N
E
myeon, Yanggu-gun, 38°15'00.5", 128°06'09.6", 858
&
examined (Kim Kim,
lations of the taxa 2011).
May
m, 4 KYI-20120001 (HHU), KYI-2012002
2012,
Within the ITS the nine accessions representing (HHU), KYI-2012007 (HHU), KYI-2012012 (MO).
tree,
new Gyeonggi: Mt. Yeonin, Seungan-ri, Gapyeong-eup, Ga-
formed
the species a distinct clade with a high
N
E
pyeong-gun, 37°53'04.5", 127°24'22.2", 701 m, 14
and
bootstrap value (99%) posterior probability
(1.0),
May
KYI-2010001 (HHU), KYI-2010002 (HHU).
2010,
supporting divergence from the taxon
their sister C.
new
sphaerospermum. This taxonomic could Acknowledgments. This research was supported
entity
new
have been described as a variety of pilosum, by a grant from the National Research Eoundation of
C.
(2012R1A1A2044225)
Korea and Hallym
but recent phylogenetic study revealed the species the Uni-
C.
Eund
pilosum recognized by Kara (1957) to be a para- versity Research (HRE-201211-012).
436 Novon
&
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