Chronologies of the Ancient World: Names, Dates and Dynasties

381 Pages·2006·13.368 MB·English

by  Walter Eder

Brill’s
N e w Pauly
S
u p p l e m e n t s
C H R O N O LO G IE S OF
TH E A N C IE N T W O R LD
Brill’ s N e w Pauly
S
u p p l e m e n t s
E D IT O R S
Hubert Cancik
Manfred Landfester
Helmuth Schneider
Edited by
Walter Eder and Johannes Renger
Translated and edited by
Wouter F. M. Henkelman
Assistant Editor
Robert Chenault
L E ID E N - BO STO N
2007
✓
BRI LL
© Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill , I S B N - 1 3 9 7 8 9 0 0 4 1 5 3 2 0 2
n v
Leiden, The Netherlands
I S B N - I O 9 O O 4 1 5 3 2 0 9
Koninklijke Brill incorporates the imprints
n v All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
Brill, Hotei Publishing, Publishers, M artinus reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or

i d c
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
N ijhoff Publishers and
.
v s p
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without prior written permission from the publisher.
Original German language edition:
Walter Eder/Johannes Renger (Hrsg.):
Authorization to photocopy items for internal or
Herrscherchronologien der antiken Welt.
personal use is granted by Brill provided that the
Namen, Daten, Dynastien (= Der Neue Pauly
appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright
Supplemente 1) published by J . B. M etzler’sche
Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910,
Verlagsbuchhandlung und Carl Ernst Poeschel
Danvers, 0 19 23,
USA.
m a
Verlag Gm bH Stuttgart, Germany.
Fees are subject to change.
Copyright © 2004
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Cover design: TopicA (Antoinette Hanekuyk)
Front: Delphi, temple area
P R IN T E D IN T H E N E T H E R L A N D S
CONTENTS V
Contents
Editors’ preface IX
Notes to the user XVI
A. The Near, Middle and Far East 1
Introduction: Sources for the reconstruction of ancient Near Eastern chronological systems 1
I. Mesopotamia and neighbouring regions 11
I. i. Mesopotamia and neighbouring regions in the third and second millennium BC
11
(Joachim Oelsner)
I. 1 . 1 . Southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) 12
13
I. i.2 . Ebla, Mari, Habur region, Assur, Elam
14
I. 1.3 . Aleppo (Wilfred M. van Soldt)
15
I. 1.4 . Alalal)
16
I. 1.5 . Ugarit
I. 2. Mesopotamia and neighbouring regions during the end of the second and the
18
first half of the first millennium BC (Joachim Oelsner)
18
I. 2 .1. Assur (Assyria)
I. 2.2. Babylonia 20
I. 2.3. Elam: Neo-Elamite Period (ca. 10 0 0 -530 BC) (Jan Tavernier) 22
25
I. 2.4. Urartu (Joachim Oelsner)
27
I. 3. Babylonia during the second half of the first millennium BC
27
I. 3 .1. Babylonia under Achaemenid rule
28
I. 3.2. Babylonia after Alexander the Great and under Macedonian and Seleucid rule
30
I. 3.3. Babylonia in the Arsacid period
31
I. 4. The dynasty of the Seleucids (Walter Eder)
34
II. Egypt
34
II. 1. Egyptian rulers until Alexander the Great (Joachim Friedrich Quack)
47
II. 2. The dynasty of the Ptolemies (Walter Eder with Joachim Friedrich Quack)
50
II. 3. Kush (Hans-Ulrich Onasch)
56
III. Israel and Judah (Rudiger Liwak)
61
IV. Synchronistic charts
IV. 1. Synchronistic overview of the main states of the ancient Near East in the
61
second millennium BC (Frank Starke)
78
IV. 2. Synchronistic overview of the main states of Asia Minor ca. 10 0 0 -550 BC
84
V. Asia Minor in the first millennium BC
84
V. 1. Phrygia (Peter W. Fiaider)
V. 2. Lydia 86
87
V. 2 .1. Rulers in Lydia according to Herodotus
V. 2.2. Lydian kings of the Heraclid dynasty until the beginning of the Mermnad dynasty 88
89
V. 2.3. Lydian rulers according to the Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian and Egyptian sources
CONTENTS
VI
V. 2.4. Revised chronology of Lydian rulers 90
The Attalids of Pergamum (Walter Eder) 91
V. 3.
The Dynasty of the Seleucids
V . 4.
Peripheral states in Asia Minor in the Hellenistic and Roman
VI.
periods (Martin Schottky) 93
VI. 1. Adiabene 93
VI. 2. Armenia 94
VI. 2 .1. Hellenistic kingdom of (western) Armenia/Sophene 96
VI. 2.2. Kingdom of eastern or Greater Armenia (Armenia Maior) 96
VI. 2.3. Lesser Armenia (Armenia minor) 98
VI. 2.4. Gordyaea 99
VI. 3. Bithynia 99
VI. 4. Emesa
100
VI. 4.A. Appendix: Emesa and the Roman Empire
101
VI. 5. Galatia
102
VI. 5 .1. Tectosages
102
VI. 5.2. Tolistobogii 103
Trocmi 103
VI. 5.3.
104
VI. 5.4. Rulers of all Galatia
VI. 6. Cappadocia 105
107
VI. 6.A. Appendix: Cietis
108
VI. 7. Commagene
108
VI. 8. Osroene
VI. 9. Pontus
110
VI. 9.A. Appendix: Comana Pontica (priest-princes)
1 1 1
VI. 10. Regnum Bosporanum
112
114
VI. 1 1 . Palmyrene Empire
115
VII. Iranian Empires and their vassal states
115
VII. 1. Media (Robert Rollinger)
117
VII. 1 .1 . Median rulers according to Herodotus
117
VII. 1.2. Median rulers according to Ctesias
VII. 1.3. Rulers in western Iran attested in cuneiform sources and previously
118
interpreted as Median kings
119
VII. 2. Iranian Empires (Jo sef Wiesehofer)
VII. 2 .1. Achaemenids
120
VII. 2.2. Arsacids (Parthians)
12 1
VII. 2.3. Sassanids
122
124
VII. 3. Parthian “ vassal kingdoms”
124
VII. 3 .1. Characene
125
VII. 3.2. Elymais
126
VII. 3.3. Persis
128
VII. 3.4. Media Atropatene (Martin Schottky)
CONTENTS VII
130
VIII. Graeco-Bactxia and India
130
VIII. i. Graeco-Bactrians and Indo-Greeks (Klaus Karttunen)
130
VIII. 1 . 1 . Diodotids and Euthydcmids (ca. 2 5 0 -15 5 BC)
131
VIII. 1.2 . Eucratids (ca. 1 7 0 - 1 3 0 BC)
131
VIII. 1.3 . Later Indo-Greeks (ca. 15 5 BC -at. 10 AD)
131
VIII. 1 .3 .1 . Paropamisadae and Arachosia
133
VIII. 1.3.2 . Gandhara and Punjab
134
VIII. 2. Iranian rulers of Indo-Bactria
135
VIII. 2 .1. Sacae/Indo-Scythians (ca. 85 BC -20 AD)
135
VIII. 2.2. Parthians (from 50 BC onwards)
135
VIII. 2.3. Indo-Parthians (from 20 AD onwards)
136
VIII. 3. Kushan (until ca. 250 AD)
137
VIII. 4. Maurya Empire (Harry Falk)
139
IX. Rome and the West in Chinese historiography (Erling von Mende)
140
IX. 1. Early Han period (206/202 BC-7/9 AD)
141
IX. 2. Later Han period (25-220 AD)
142
IX. 3. Sun Wu (222-280 AD)
143
IX. 4. Northern Wei (386-534 AD)
144
IX. 5. Northern Qi (550-576 AD)
145
IX. 6. Northern Zhou (5 5 7 -5 8 1 AD)
146
B. The Mediterranean and Western Europe
146
Introduction: Bibliography on the Chronology of the Ancient Mediterranean and Western Europe
148
X. Greece and Rome
148
X. 1. Archons of Athens (Meret Strothmann and Karl-Wilhelm Welwei)
173
X. 1 .A. Alphabetical Index of Archons
185
X. 2. Kings of Sparta (Mischa Meier)
188
X. 3. Macedonia (Walter Eder)
191
X. 4. Thrace
X. 5. Dynasties of the Seleucids and Ptolemies
X. 6. The Attalids of Pergamum
X. 7. Peripheral States in Asia Minor
X. 8. Roman Consuls, Dictators, Censors and Extraordinary Commissions until 30 BC
195
(Karl-Ludwig Elvers)
X. 9. Roman Emperors from Augustus (30/27 BC) to Romulus Augustulus
268
(476 AD) and Nepos (480 AD) (Meret Strothmann)
282
X. 10 . Byzantine Emperors
286
XL Late-antique Germanic Kingdoms (Martin Schottky)
286
XL 1. Germanic Kingdoms in Britannia (Anglo-Saxons)
287
XI. 1 . 1 . Jutes in Kent (Reges Cantiae)
288
XL 1 . 1 . A. Appendix: Jutes on the Isle of Wight (Uecta insula)
288
XI. 1.2 . Angles in Northumbria
289
XI. 1 .2 .1 . Deira
289
XI. 1.2 .2 . Bernicia
290
XI. 1.2 .3 . Northumbria (Reges Nordanhymbrorum)
291
XI. 1.3 . Angles in East Anglia (Reges Orientalium Anglorum)
VIII CONTENTS
Angles in Mercia (Reges Merciorum)
XI. 1.4. 292
XI. 1.4. A. Appendix 1: Kingdom of the Middle Angles/Southern Mercians
293
Appendix 2: Sub-kings of Surrey (Subreguli Provinciae Surrianorum)
XI. I.4.B.
293
Saxons in Sussex (Reges Australium Saxonum)
XI. 1.5. 294
XI. 1.6. Saxons in Essex (Reges Orientalium Saxonum)
295
XI. 1.7. Saxons in Wessex (Reges Occidentalium Saxonum)
296
XI. 2. Germanic Kingdoms in Western Europe
298
XI. 2 .1. Burgundians 298
XI. 2.2. Gepids
299
XI. 2.3. Merovingians (Walter Eder) 300
XI. 2.4. Rugians (Martin Schottky)
303
XI. 2.5. Suebi in Gallaecia (Galicia) 304
XI. 2.6. Thuringians
305
XI. 2.7. Vandals in Africa 305
XI. 2.8. Visigoths 306
XI. 2.8.A. Appendix: Asturia 308
XI. 3. Germanic Kingdoms in Italy 309
XI. 3 .1. Ostrogoths in Italy 309
XI. 3.2. Lombards (Langobardi) 311
XI. 3 .2 .1. The Kings in Upper Italy 311
XI. 3.2.2. The Dukes of Benevento 313
XII. The Empire of the Huns (Martin Schottky) 314
XIII. Bishops and Patriarchs (Wilhelm Geerlings and Meret Strothmann) 315
XIII. 1 Bishops of Rome 315
XIII. 2 Bishops and Patriarchs of Constantinople 319
XIII. 3 Bishops and Patriarchs of Alexandria 323
XIII. 4 Bishops and Patriarchs of Antioch 325
XIII. 5 Bishops and Patriarchs of Jerusalem 329
XIII. 6 Synoptic Chart of the Patriarchates 332
Index 345