China's Challenge to Liberal Norms: The Durability of International Order

298 Pages·2018·2.7 MB·English

by  Catherine Jones

C H I N A ’ S C H A L L E N G E

T O L I B E R A L N O R M S
The Durability of International Order
CATHERINE JONES
China’s Challenge to Liberal Norms
Catherine Jones
China’s Challenge
to Liberal Norms
The Durability of International Order
Catherine Jones
University of Warwick
Coventry, UK
ISBN 978-1-137-42760-1 ISBN 978-1-137-42761-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-42761-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018934422
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A
cknowledgements
I am acutely aware of the limits of this text and the places where the
contents have been edited or curtailed. All the limitations and omissions
or inadvertent errors of the contents remain with me. In particular, in
the manuscript the deliberate intention was to focus on the relationship
of the empirical materials to the conceptual framework. Hence, there are
many places where a greater discussion of the literature could have been
possible; however, it would have detracted from the central contribution
of the work and the argument. I hope that the deficiencies or silences in
this work only serve to demonstrate space for more research and contri-
butions in this area.
This project started life in 2009, and since this time, numerous peo-
ple, places and institutions have enabled the completion of this book.
Above all, my thanks go to the Leverhulme Trust who—through the
‘Liberal Way of War’ programme—supported the research that enabled
the initial idea to become reality. Alan Cromartie, as director of the pro-
gramme, gathered together a group of scholars across a number disci-
plines, to meet regularly and exchange ideas and arguments. Both Alan
and Dominik Zaum made comments and supported the intellectual
development of the project. My examiners also provided me with the
intellectual stimulation to develop the project further beyond the PhD.
I am grateful to them both for all of their thoughts and insights.
At Warwick, this book would not have been possible without the
help, support, patience, guidance and continual encouragement of Shaun
Breslin and Chris Hughes. The Department of Politics and International
v
vi ACKNOWLEDgEMENTS
Studies at the University of Warwick, also provided research funding for
the fieldwork to extend the fieldwork undertaken and the evidence col-
lected. My colleagues at Warwick have also been exceedingly encourag-
ing of this book and inspiring through their own work.
The team at Palgrave Macmillan have also been incredibly support-
ive and patient during the evolution of the book. Imogen and Ambra,
in particular, have been patient beyond measure as delays continued to
appear.
I also must acknowledge the contribution of my interviewees (some
of whom cannot be named), their contribution to my understanding and
argument has been indispensable. I simply could not have crafted the
study without them, all made a tremendous contribution to improving
the argument. In addition, Robert Zuber and the team at ‘global Action
to Prevent War’ gave me a desk and a warm welcome for my research
trips to New York. Robert and global Action also provided me with a
UN grounds pass enabling participant observation of the UN Security
Council and Committees that have also enhanced my understanding and
critical perspective reflected here.
In the UK, the China Postgraduate Network, British International
Studies Association, Political Studies Association and many others have
enabled me to present my work and challenged my ideas, preconceptions
and assumptions. I have also been privileged to attend a range of sem-
inar series on different aspects of China’s rise that have both increased
my knowledge and inspired me. In particular, those convened by:
King’s College, London; St Anthony’s College, Oxford; and the Oxford
University China-Africa Network.
I have also been fortunate in the huge number of academics who
have opened their office doors (answered their phones or responded
to emails) to me and given up their time to discuss China with me. In
particular, Ian Taylor, Deborah Brautigam, Bill Tow, Miwa Hirono,
Franklyn Lisk and Hiro Katasumata amongst others have provided assis-
tance beyond the call of duty. All of these people and others I have met
and the experiences they have provided have been critical in ensuring
that I completed this research. In addition, David Armstrong and Steve
Haigh both read chapters and gave informed and insightful comments
on them. Throughout my time in Reading and Warwick, I have been
privileged to be amongst a dynamic group of academics, who have chal-
lenged me to do better and made each day worthwhile.
ACKNOWLEDgEMENTS vii
The help and support of a number of good friends have also made
this book possible: they listened to me interminably talk about China;
they picked me up and distracted me when I needed it most; provided
accommodation to enable research trips and conference attendance;
gave me perspective and kept my feet on the ground; and most of all
provided opportunities to get away from it all—whether in the rain of
Canberra or the sun of the highlands. In particular, Mike Bagwell, Anna
James, Claire Bodenham, Adrian Clifton, Claire McAulay, Vicky and
Simon Harris, Rachel Smith and Tim Davies, Jenny Martin, Shelley and
gavin Bragg, Christine Leah, Fitri, Will Abraham, Helen McCabe, Dina
Rezk, Astrid Nordin, Alex Bellamy, Sarah Teitt, Andre Broome, Lena
Rethel, Alexandra Homolar, Louis Swindley, Trudi and Ken Wheat, Fran
and Mike Horsfield, Martin Mik, Florian Reiche, Philip Challans, Terry
Conway and Rose Palfy, I cannot thank you enough. My thanks go to
all of these individuals however, all errors, omissions and any mistakes
remain my own responsibility.
Finally, to Tizzy, Philip and my parents, they gave me the space and
time to live and breathe. You trusted me and had patience when I was
out of contact. Mum and Dad, you truly did give me roots to grow and
wings to fly.
c
ontents
1 Introduction 1
Part I Conceptual Tools
2 China as a Normative Power? 27
3 Concepts of International Order 43
4 Norms, Order, and Social Change: Laying Out a Toolkit
for Normative Change 57
Part II Re-Interpreting Sovereignty by Contesting Norms:
China and the United Nations
5 Concepts of Sovereignty Their Evolution and Status 99
6 China’s Engagement with the UN Security Council
in Debates on Sovereignty 111
ix
x CONTENTS
7 China and the Responsibility to Protect 139
8 Conclusion: China and the Norms of Sovereignty 177
Part III Evolution or Revolution in International
Aid Practices? China and International
Development
9 Liberal Development: The Practice and Assumptions
of Aid 185
10 Wider Implications of China’s Rise as a Development
Partner 223
11 Conclusion: China and the Norms of Development 245
12 Conclusion: China’s Challenges to Liberal Norms 253
Bibliography 265
Index 291
A
bbreviAtions
ADB Asian Development Bank
AFC Asian Financial Crisis
AfDB African Development Bank
AFP (A4P) Agenda for Peace
APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Community
ARF Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Forum
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
CCP Chinese Communist Party
CPIA Country Policy and Institutional Assessment
DCD-DAC Development Cooperation Directorate
DPRK Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea)
EAS East Asia Summit
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
EU European Union
FDI Foreign Direct Investment
gA United Nations general Assembly
gDP gross Domestic Product
gNP gross National Product
IATI International Aid Transparency Initiative
ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
ICISS International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty
IMF International Monetary Fund
MDgs Millennium Development goals
PLA People’s Liberation Army
PPg Provision of Public goods
PRC People’s Republic of China
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