Chimpanzee Behavior in the Wild: An Audio-Visual Encyclopedia

249 Pages·2010·7.612 MB·English

by  Toshisada Nishida, Koichiro Zamma, Takahisa Matsusaka, Agumi Inaba, William C. McGrew

Chimpanzee Behavior in the Wild
Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma
●
Takahisa Matsusaka Agumi Inaba
●
William C. McGrew
Chimpanzee Behavior
in the Wild
An Audio-Visual Encyclopedia
Toshisada Nishida Koichiro Zamma
Executive Director Researcher
Japan Monkey Centre Great Ape Research Institute
26 Kanrin, Inuyama Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc.
Aichi 484-0081, Japan 952-2 Nu, Tamano
[email protected] Okayama 706-0316, Japan
[email protected]
Takahisa Matsusaka
Assistant Professor Agumi Inaba
Faculty of Health and Well-being Researcher
Kansai University Japan Monkey Centre
1-11-1 Kaorigaoka-cho 26 Kanrin, Inuyama
Sakai-ku, Sakai Aichi 484-0081, Japan
Osaka 590-8515, Japan [email protected]
[email protected]
William C. McGrew
Professor
Department of Biological Anthropology
University of Cambridge
Fitzwilliam Street
Cambridge CB2 1QH, U.K.
[email protected]
ISBN 978-4-431-53894-3 e-ISBN 978-4-431-53895-0
DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-53895-0
Springer Tokyo Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York
Library of Congress Control Number: 2010932131
© Springer 2010
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting,
reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not
imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective
laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Cover
Spine: An adult male, Alofu, having descended to the ground from his night bed, yawns in the early
morning. (Photo by Koichiro Zamma, Nov. 2006)
Front cover, from the top:
An adult female, Xtina, eating a lemon. (Photo by Agumi Inaba, Nov. 2007)
An adult male, Alofu, having descended to the ground from his night bed, yawns in the early morning.
(Photo by Koichiro Zamma, Nov. 2006)
The Sinsiba swamp, frequently visited by M-group chimpanzees. (Photo by Agumi Inaba, Dec. 2007)
Back cover:
A juvenile female, Xantip, watches her mother, Xtina, removing a sand flea from her toe. (Photo by
Agumi Inaba, Sept. 2007)
DVDs
All photos on the DVD disks and the indexes in the DVDs were taken at Mahale by Koichiro Zamma.
Printed on acid-free paper
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Where We Stand
Field workers—scientists of animal (including human!) behavior in nature—have
long been fascinated by wild chimpanzees. A person who once has studied wild
chimpanzees will be eager to observe them again. A person who has studied them
twice will make every effort to continue the study, unless prevented from doing so.
In short, behavioral primatology is addictive!
Many people, among them Jane Goodall, Richard Wrangham, and I, do not
regret that they have dedicated their whole lives to the study of wild chimpanzees.
This is because the apes’ behavior is always challenging: chimpanzees are cheerful,
charming, playful, curious, beautiful, easygoing, generous, tolerant, and trustwor-
thy most of the time, but also are cautious, cunning, ugly, violent, ferocious, blood-
thirsty, greedy, and disloyal at other times. We human beings share both the light
and dark sides with our closest living relatives.
For decades, we have documented huge across-population variation in behavior,
as well as within-population variation. Cultural biology (now called cultural prima-
tology), as proposed 60 years ago by Kinji Imanishi, recently has flourished.
However, until now there has been no extensive glossary with illustrations, upon
which systematic behavioral comparison could be based. In addition to fellow field
workers, we hope that zoo keepers, laboratory researchers and technicians, veteri-
narians, conservationists, eco-tourism managers, educators and students now will
be able to widen and deepen the scope of their activities by making use of the
descriptions and audio-visual images in this volume. We hope that laypersons also
will find this an enjoyable read at home on the sofa!
The team of authors began to use videography in 1999 and launched this editing
project in 2003, and we have invested most of our time in it over the last 3 years.
After much time and effort spent, the result is perhaps the first attempt to compile
a comprehensive ethogram of a single species of mammal. This is a cooperative
product in the truest sense of the word. If any of us had been absent, then we would
v
vi Preface
not have been able to complete this work. Roles were allocated to film, copy,
playback, select, and edit, and to edit, interpret, name, describe, reference, and
synthesize. The resulting collaborative efforts have been discussed and refined 20
times over in the process.
We hope that this book and its accompanying DVD will help to conserve these
irreplaceable creatures forever.
Toshisada Nishida
Contents
Color Plates ...................................................................................................... 1
Introduction ..................................................................................................... 7
Methods ............................................................................................................ 11
Study Sites of Chimpanzees and Bonobos .................................................... 13
Catalogue ......................................................................................................... 15
Remarks ........................................................................................................... 25
Glossary ........................................................................................................... 27
Discussion......................................................................................................... 209
References ........................................................................................................ 213
Appendix .......................................................................................................... 229
vii
Color Plates
1. A juvenile female, Xantip, watches her mother, Xtina, removing a sand flea
from her toe. (Photo by Agumi Inaba, Sept. 2007)
2. An adult male, Primus, ingests a mature leaf while chewing meat. (Photo by
Agumi Inaba, Sept. 2007)
3. An adult female and two juvenile females licking a rock. (Photo by Agumi
Inaba, Aug. 2007)
4. Grooming party of six adult males. (Photo by Agumi Inaba, Nov. 2007)
5. An adult female, Gwekulo, resting in the bush with her adopted juvenile
daughter, Puffy. (Photo by Koichiro Zamma, Dec. 2006)
6. A juvenile female, Mitsue, looking at her own image in a stream. (Photo by
Toshisada Nishida, Aug. 2007)
7. An adult male and two adult females grooming on a fallen log. (Photo by Agumi
Inaba, Dec. 2007)
8. A newly-immigrated female, Ua, who did not descend to the ground when
human observers were present. (Photo by Koichiro Zamma, Oct. 2006)
9. An adolescent male, Caesar, self-grooming. (Photo by Takahisa Matsusaka,
Aug. 2009)
10. A juvenile female, Mitsue. (Photo by Takahisa Matsusaka, Aug. 2009)
T. Nishida et al., Chimpanzee Behavior in the Wild: An Audio-Visual Encyclopedia, 1
DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-53895-0_1, © Springer 2010