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Charting Transformation through Security: Contemporary EU-Africa Relations PDF

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New Security Challenges Series General Editor: Stuart Croft, Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Research (Arts and Social Sciences) at the University of Warwick, UK, and Director of the ESRC’s New Security Challenges Programme. The last decade demonstrated that threats to security vary greatly in their causes and man- ifestations, and that they invite interest and demand responses from the social sciences, civil society and a very broad policy community. In the past, the avoidance of war was the primary objective, but with the end of the Cold War the retention of military defence as the centrepiece of international security agenda became untenable. There has been, there- fore, a significant shift in emphasis away from traditional approaches to security to a new agenda that talks of the softer side of security, in terms of human security, economic security and environmental security. The topical New Security Challenges Series reflects this pressing political and research agenda. Titles include: Abdul Haqq Baker EXTREMISTS IN OUR MIDST Confronting Terror Robin Cameron SUBJECTS OF SECURITY Domestic Effects of Foreign Policy in the War on Terror Jon Coaffee, David Murakami Wood and Peter Rogers THE EVERYDAY RESILIENCE OF THE CITY How Cities Respond to Terrorism and Disaster Sharyl Cross, Savo Kentera, R. Craig Nation and Radovan Vukadinovic (editors) SHAPING SOUTH EAST EUROPE’S SECURITY COMMUNITY FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY Trust, Partnership, Integration Tom Dyson and Theodore Konstadinides EUROPEAN DEFENCE COOPERATION IN EU LAW AND IR THEORY Tom Dyson NEOCLASSICAL REALISM AND DEFENCE REFORM IN POST-COLD WAR EUROPE Håkan Edström, Janne Haaland Matlary and Magnus Petersson (editors) NATO: THE POWER OF PARTNERSHIPS Håkan Edström and Dennis Gyllensporre POLITICAL ASPIRATIONS AND PERILS OF SECURITY Unpacking the Military Strategy of the United Nations Hakan Edström and Dennis Gyllensporre (editors) PURSUING STRATEGY NATO Operations from the Gulf War to Gaddafi Christopher Farrington (editor) GLOBAL CHANGE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE NORTHERN IRELAND PEACE PROCESS Implementing the Political Settlement Adrian Gallagher GENOCIDE AND ITS THREAT TO CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL ORDER Kevin Gillan, Jenny Pickerill and Frank Webster ANTI-WAR ACTIVISM New Media and Protest in the Information Age Toni Haastrup CHARTING TRANSFORMATION THROUGH SECURITY Contemporary EU–Africa Relations Andrew Hill RE-IMAGINING THE WAR ON TERROR Seeing, Waiting, Travelling Andrew Hoskins and Ben O’Loughlin TELEVISION AND TERROR Conflicting Times and the Crisis of News Discourse Paul Jackson and Peter Albrecht RECONSTRUCTION SECURITY AFTER CONFLICT Security Sector Reform in Sierra Leone Bryan Mabee THE GLOBALIZATION OF SECURITY State Power, Security Provision and Legitimacy Janne Haaland Matlary EUROPEAN UNION SECURITY DYNAMICS In the New National Interest Michael Pugh, Neil Cooper and Mandy Turner (editors) WHOSE PEACE? CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF PEACEBUILDING Brian Rappert and Chandré Gould (editors) BIOSECURITY Origins, Transformations and Practices Brian Rappert BIOTECHNOLOGY, SECURITY AND THE SEARCH FOR LIMITS An Inquiry into Research and Methods Brian Rappert (editor) TECHNOLOGY AND SECURITY Governing Threats in the New Millennium Nathan Roger IMAGE WARFARE IN THE WAR ON TERROR Ali Tekin and Paul Andrew Williams GEO-POLITICS OF THE EURO-ASIA ENERGY NEXUS The European Union, Russia and Turkey Lisa Watanabe SECURING EUROPE Mark Webber, James Sperling and Martin A. Smith NATO’s POST-COLD WAR TRAJECTORY Decline or Regeneration New Security Challenges Series Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–230–00216–6 (hardback) and ISBN 978–0–230–00217–3 (paperback) (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBNs quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Charting Transformation through Security Contemporary EU–Africa Relations Toni Haastrup Fellow, University of Warwick, UK © Toni Haastrup 2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-0-230-36390-8 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-34912-8 ISBN 978-1-137-31549-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137315496 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Contents List of Illustrations vi Acknowledgements vii List of Abbreviations ix 1 Introduction: Continuity and Change in EU–Africa Relations 1 2 Evaluating a Contemporary Institution: EU–Africa Relations 31 3 Regionalising Security: The APSA and External Partners 61 4 EU Support for the ASF: AMANI AFRICA Cycles 84 5 Scapegoats and Heroes: Establishing a Small Arms Regime? 112 6 Change in Motion: Evolution between Layering and Conversion 141 Conclusion: Transformation Deferred? 165 Notes 175 Bibliography 181 Index 226 v Illustrations Figures 1.1 Pathways of change through cooperation 23 3.1 Components of the African peace and security architecture 69 6.1 Division of labour: component parts creating the whole 151 6.2 Illustrating security as change in EU–Africa relations 163 Tables 1.1 Key differences between ‘traditional’ and ‘new’ models of security engagement 8 2.1 Regional organisations in Africa 47 2.2 The other institutionalisms 54 3.1 Peace and security department and PSC secretariat responsibilities 73 3.2 European Union missions and operations in Africa 75 5.1 African sub-regional frameworks to halt small arms proliferation 116 5.2 EU micro-disarmament policy instruments 123 6.1 Characteristics of the AMANI AFRICA cycle and SALW support 144 6.2 Declarations of division of labour in EU policy frameworks 150 6.3 Observing change in EU–Africa relations through security cooperation 159 Boxes 1.1 Components of the Joint Africa EU–Strategy, adopted December 2007, Lisbon, Portugal 20 5.1 PCASED support for ECOWAS moratorium 131 5.2 Pan-African initiative: Fight against Illicit Accumulation and Trafficking of Firearms in Africa 133 vi Acknowledgements This book was started in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Edinburgh; yet the development of this work has been within the ‘cosy’ confines of Politics and International Studies (PAIS) at the University of Warwick. My thanks therefore span several institutions and countries. I am incredibly grateful for the encouragement of my advisers John Peterson and Rachel Hayman for their consistent enthusiasm and sup- port. And yet my intellectual development would have been impossi- ble without the support of colleagues (and friends) Nur Abdelkhaliq Zamora, Ramneek Grewal, Anna-Lena Hogenauer, Amy Niang and Lorenzo Ranalli, whose constant support always provided the light at the end of the tunnel. My gratitude also goes to my former office mates Jaako Kuosmanen, Hilary Cornish, Catherine Rose Stocks-Rankin, Ewen McIntosh, Kostas Kostagiannis and Chris Ogden for providing an amiable environment to work in, and the necessary diversions when needed. I would also like to thank Meryl Kenny, Hope Murray and Amanda Wittman: three wonderful role models. I am also grateful for the support of Fiona Mackay, who has been a wonderful friend and mentor. A very special thank you goes to Ellen Stewart and Bahar Baser for being exceptional friends and a wonderful inspiration. The completion of this book has been encouraged by Shaun Breslin, Nicola Pratt and Nick Vaughan-Williams, who were always ready to lis- ten to my frustrations, and especially Richard Whitman, whose wisdom and constant and quiet encouragement are much appreciated. Special thanks to two office mates from different seasons – Oz Hassan and Catherine Jones – and to friends and colleagues Linda Åhall, Chris Clarke, Laura Downey, Denise Hewlett, Franklyn Lisk, Joao Nunes, Jill Pavey, Sharifah Sekalala and Alex Sutton: thank you all for making the working week (and sometimes weekend) bearable. This book could not have been completed without the cooperation of many officials and scholars who facilitated my field research, all my interviewees in Addis Ababa, Brussels and Paris. Because anonymity is the name of the game, I can say no more, but THANK YOU! I am especially grateful to the many officials and scholars who shared their vii viii Acknowledgements thoughts and experiences. I am also indebted to the University Associa- tion of Contemporary European Studies and the European Commission, and the University of Edinburgh for providing the funding for my field research. I am eternally grateful to the Dipeolu family for hosting me on my first visit to Addis Ababa. At Palgrave Macmillan, Christina Brian for thinking this was an idea worth pursuing, and Harriet Barker for having faith that this book could be finished, thank you. I am also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. Finally, I would like to thank my fam- ily – my siblings, Tejumade and Olumide, my cousin and aunt, Ayo and Yemii, my grandmother, Elfrida, and especially my parents, Deji and Esther Haastrup, for their unwavering support and encouragement. Their generosity, love and patience keep me going and I dedicate this to them. Abbreviations AASM Associated African States and Madagascar ACDS African Chief of Defence Staff ACOTA African Contingency Operations Training and Assistance Programme ACP African Caribbean and Pacific Group of Countries ACRI African Crisis Response Initiative AEC African Economic Community AFRICOM US Command Africa AGOA African Growth Opportunity Act AMIS African Union Mission in Sudan APF African Peace Facility APSA African Peace and Security Architecture ASA Africa–South America Summit ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEM Asia–Europe Meeting ASF African Standby Force ATCs African Training Centres AU African Union CADSP Common African Defence and Security Policy CAR Central African Republic CEWS Continental Early Warning System CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy CJTF United States Combined Joint Task Force CMD Conflict Management Department CPA Africa–EU Cairo Plan of Action CPD Conflict Prevention and Early Warning Division CSDP Common Security and Defence Policy CSOs Civil Society Organisations CSSDC Conference on Security, Stability, Development and Cooperation in the Continent (Africa) DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) DDR Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration DEVCO Development and Cooperation – EuropeAid DFID Department for International Development (UK) ix

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